GC-CVAFS法测定鱼体内甲基汞的分析方法研究

采用200g/L的KOH溶液消解鱼样、GC-CVAFS方法检测鱼体内的甲基汞.对鱼汞国际标准样品（TORT-2,DORM-2）实测结果与推荐值间误差小于2.3%,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.77%,方法检出限为0.002 ng/g,本方法灵敏、可靠,适合鱼体中甲基汞的准确测定.     

GC–MS法测定水体中甲基汞和乙基汞

用巯基棉富集,四乙基硼化钠衍生,气相色谱–质谱联用法测定水体中的甲基汞和乙基汞,线性范围为10~150 ng/L,线性范围内的重复性相对标准偏差(n=10)甲基汞为4.63%,乙基汞为5.52%,方法回收率甲基汞为99.00%~103.01%,乙基汞为85.49%~97.59%。通过四乙基硼化钠衍生把甲基汞和乙基汞化转化成全烷基化合物,降低了甲基汞和乙基汞的活性,减少甲基汞和乙基汞在色谱柱上的吸附和峰拖尾的现象。方法适合实验室大批量样品的测定。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光度法测定鱼体内的砷和汞

采用硝酸-高氯酸湿式消解法消解样品,利用AFS-230E原子荧光光度计测定了赣州市赣江交汇处鱼体内砷和汞的含量,选择了最佳实验条件.结果表明,所得砷和汞的检出限分别为0.020、0.008 μg/L,测定砷、汞标准溶液各6次,所得砷、汞标准溶液的平均值分别为0.099、0.103 μg/mL,相对标准偏差RSD分别为2...     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞

为准确测定中药材中不同形态的汞含量,通过选用人工胃液作为提取液,经水浴加热提取后,以甲醇-乙酸铵为流动相,采用C18反相色谱柱对样品溶液进行分离,最后经电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定3种汞形态化合物的含量。建立了中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)法的测定方法,结果表明,3种汞形态化合物在0.5～5 ng/mL范围内均获得良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。通过加标回收的方法进行准确性评价,加标回收率为75.5%～118%,相对标准偏差RSD为2.4%～9.7%。测定的106批次中药材中,均未检出甲基汞、乙基汞。无机汞检出率为88.7%,合格率为100%。方法能够准确、高效地测定中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量。106批次中药材中的汞存在形态主要是以无机汞为主。考察的106批次根及根茎类中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量,积累了基础数据,为中药饮片的质量安全性监管提供技术支撑。     

对苯二胺荧光探针测定水质样品中的溶解态汞

为获得水质样品中的溶解态汞简便、灵敏的测定方法,以含有荧光基团和氨基活性基团的对苯二胺作为荧光探针,基于其荧光猝灭程度与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度呈线性关系,建立荧光光度法测定水质样品中溶解态汞的检测方法。对缓冲体系的类型、pH值、浓度以及荧光探针的浓度等条件进行实验,确定采用pH 5.0的0.010 mol/L AABS体系和0.40 μg/mL对苯二胺荧光探针的荧光探针实验条件,并应用于实际水质样品中。结果表明,当Hg(Ⅱ)浓度在0.64 μg/mL ~1.36μg/mL内,荧光探针对苯二胺浓度的荧光淬灭程度与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度成良好的线性关系(R=0.9991),重复性实验的相对标准偏差为0.72 %,方法检出限为0.032 μg/mL,加标回收率均在90%~110%之间。该方法简便、灵敏度高、选择性好、可用于实际水质样品中溶解态汞的测定,具有较好的应用前景。     

超临界流体萃取气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的毒死蜱残留

建立了利用离线超临界CO2萃取气相色谱(SFE-GC)测定鱼肌肉中毒死蜱残留量的分析方法。超临界CO2萃取鱼肌肉中毒死蜱的适宜条件为：温度100℃,压力41．370MPa,CO2流量为1mL／min,动态萃取30min,静态萃取时间15min,调节剂甲醇(添加量0．5mL),收集液丙酮。最小检出量为0．01ng;添加回收率为77.3％～105．1％;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2．4％～15．4％,符合残留分析要求。全程分析时间小于2h。     

Trace Analysis of Lead and Copper Ions in Fish Tissue Using Paste Electrodes

Abstract

DNA was immobilized onto a carbon nanotube surface through cyclic voltammetry, in which paste electrode (PE) was subjected to lead and copper trace ion analysis. Optimized conditions for square‐wave stripping voltammetry were then searched. The results indicated three other linear working ranges—3–21 mg l^?1, 2–16 µg l^?1, and 3–17 ng l^?1 Pb(II) Cu(II)—within an accumulation time of 190 s in 0.1‐M ammonium phosphate electrolyte solutions of pH 10.0. At the optimized conditions, the detection limit (S/N) was pegged at 0.4 ng l^?1 (1.93×10^?12 M Pb(II) and 6.29×10^?12 M Cu(II)). And the relative standard deviation at 10 mg l^?1 Pb(II) and Cu(II) was a 0.074 and 0.069% precision, in 15 measurements. The method can be applied to assays of fish tissue.     

Synthesis and Application of New Resin Functionalized by Brilliant Green for Spectrophotometric Determination of Mercury in Environmental Samples

Abstract

A new chelating resin was prepared by coupling Amberlite XAD-4 with brilliant green through an azo spacer, and it has been used for preconcentration and separation of mercury(II) in environmental samples prior to its determination by spectrophotometry. The sorption capacity of functionalized resin is 4.12 mg g^?1. Spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II), free from the interference of almost all cations and anions found in the environmental water samples, is a notable advantage of the method. The determination of Hg(II) in wastewater and seawater was carried out by the present method and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).     

Studies on the Determination of Mercury by On-line Solvent Extraction and Non-Aqueous Media Hydride Generation Non-Dispersive Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

A new method for on-line solvent extraction covalent hydride generation in a non-aqueous extraction phase is proposed. Both liquid–liquid extraction and gas–liquid separation steps are accomplished in an online mode and with AFS as detector. Hydride generation is carried out in an aliquot of metal-complex extraction solution by sodium tetrahydroborate in N,N-dimethylformamide solution and anhydrous acetic acid. An improved U-type gas–liquid separator was used. The working conditions and manifolds scheme of flow injection were optimized. The detection limit attained for mercury was 20ngL^–1. The precision of the determination at a concentration level of around 20 times the detection limit was 5.6%. The proposed method gives improved sensitivity and eliminates interference. The method has been applied to the determination of mercury in certified reference materials with good accuracy and precision.     

Optimization of a GC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs in Human and Fish Tissue

This paper outlines the possibilities of selectivity and sensitivity enhancement in measuring PCDD/F congeners using an ion trap GC‐MS/MS. The pressure of the collision gas and the collision energy were optimized. The modified GC‐MS/MS method was applied to the determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in human and fish tissues. Limits of quantification were about 1 pg/g of fat for all seventeen 2378 PCDD/Fs tested (starting amount of fat, 2 g).     

Thermodynamic Study of the Extraction of Inorganic Mercury Compounds in Fish Species of the International Anzali Wetland,Iran

Inorganic mercury concentration was measured in the muscle tissues of four types of fish in the aquatic international Anzali Wetland ecosystem in Guilan. In the same ecosystem, the northern pike is able to concentrate inorganic mercury in its body more than other fish. In each species, a fish with the highest amount of inorganic mercury was selected for determination of thermodynamic parameters of inorganic mercury extraction using calculation of the equilibrium constant and fitting of ln K_c versus inverse temperature at the atmospheric pressure. The origins of thermodynamic parameters were discussed. The extraction processes were done in the range of temperatures from 331.15 to 365.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Results show that the extraction of mercury compounds from SH groups of sulfhydryl proteins in fish muscle tissue is an endothermic process with a positive value for entropy and Gibbs free energy changes at room temperature.     

Sensitive Method for Trace Determination of Mercury in Wines Using Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

An accurate, simple and precise method for total mercury determination in wines is described. Liquid/liquid extraction of inorganic and organic mercury species directly from untreated wine samples is recommended as a preconcentration procedure prior to determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate was used as complexation agent. The optimal instrumental parameters for ETAAS measurement of mercury species extracted are proposed. The detection limit for total mercury determination is 0.2µgL^–1. The relative standard deviation is 15–22% for mercury in wine in the range of 0.2–5µgL^–1. The proposed procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of mercury in bottled wines in Bulgaria and Macedonia.     

Determination of Trace Metals in Fish Tissue by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry using a Discreet Nebulization Technique

Abstract

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry is applied to the analysis of trace metals in fish tissue after digestion of the sample with nitric acid in a decomposition vessel. The digested sample is analyzed directly using a discreet nebulization technique. Enhancement effects were observed for all elements studied. The method was applied to the analysis of copper, iron and zinc in several species of fish.     

Bioaccumulation of Mercury in the Antarctic Bony Fish Pagothenia Bernacchii

Abstract

This paper presents the results obtained for the levels of total mercury, organic mercury, and total seienium in the muscular tissue of Pagothenia bernacchii sampled in Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica) during the 5th Italian Antarctic Expedition (Austral Summer 1989–90). Data are compared with those obtained during the 3rd and 4th Expeditions. Bioaccumulation of mercury occurs in muscular tissue, mainly in the organic form, as already found for several marine organisms from other seas.     

加速溶剂萃取凝胶渗透色谱/固相萃取净化气相色谱质谱法测定咸鱼中有机磷农药残留

建立了咸鱼中有机磷农药残留的分析方法.乙腈为溶剂,样品经ASE萃取,提取液用凝胶渗透色谱除去脂类、蛋白质和大部分的色素,再经Carb/PSA小柱净化.采用GC-MS定性分析,GC-FPD定量分析.加标水平为0.05～0.20mg/kg时,农药的回收率为64.5%～98.6%,相对标准偏差2.7%～14.7%.方法的检出...     

Improvement of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Determination of Mercury(II)

Three systems were tested for the optimization of a heterogenous non-competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of Hg (II). The sensitivity of the non optimized Hg-EIA with a detection limit of 2.1 μg/L Hg (II) was improved by an avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) amplification system to a 2-fold lower detection limit (1.1 μg/L Hg (II)). A conventional competitive ElA with the competition reaction between bound and free Hg (II) for antibody (ab) binding sites yielded a detection limit of 1.0 μg/L Hg (II). Further improvement of sensitivity could be achieved by a competitive displacement EIA. In this case ab molecules bound to immobilized haptens are displaced in the next step by free Hg (II). The detection limit of the displacement approach is 0.4 μg/L Hg (II).     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定生物样品中无机汞和甲基汞

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用测定多种生物样品中的无机汞和甲基汞的方法,并对比了提取生物样品中无机汞和甲基汞的不同前处理方法。实验使用5 mol/L的盐酸超声波提取样品中的无机汞和甲基汞。高效液相色谱流动相为含有0.06 mol/L醋酸氨,20μg/L B i,0.1%(V/V)2-巯基乙醇的5%(V/V)甲醇-水溶液,色谱柱为C18反相柱(5μm,3.9 mm×150 mm)。提取液在液相色谱中分离后,进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测其中无机汞和甲基汞的浓度。测定了人发(GBW 07601),对虾(GBW 08572),鱼肉组织(IAEA MA-B-3/TM)和牛肝(GBW 080193)4种生物标准参考物,结果与标准参考物的标准值相符。无机汞和甲基汞检出限分别为0.3和0.2μg/L。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞

为建立微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞的测定方法,采用微波消解方法,双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定了鱼体中砷和汞的含量。结果表明,砷与汞的线性范围分别为0.2~2.0μg/L,0.0~50.0μg/L;相关系数分别为r=0.999 8和r=0.999 5;砷回收率为96.5%~101.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.22%,检出限为0.004 2μg/L;汞回收率为98.6%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.67%,检出限为0.009 6μg/L。用该法测定鱼类中砷和汞,方法灵敏度高、操作简便快速、结果准确可靠。     

Solvent Sublation Using Dithizone as a Ligand for Determination of Trace Elements in Water Samples

Solvent sublation was studied as a method of separating and pre-concentrating traces of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) as diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) complexes for their determination. The experimental conditions, such as pH of solution, amount of dithizone as ligand, stirring time, gas flow rate and flotation time, were optimized. Different non-ionic surfactants and types of organic solvents were optimized for efficient sublation. The analyte ions in a 350mL sample were complexed as metal-dithizone complexes by adding 10mL of 0.084% dithizone, 0.5mL of 0.1% nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP) and 10mL of pH 4.3 potassium hydrogen phthalate-sodium hydroxide buffer solution. The solution was stirred with a mechanical stirrer for 30min. It was transferred to a flotation cell, and the complexes were floated by bubbling air and extracted into 10mL of methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) on the surface of the aqueous solution. The analytes in the organic phase were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) for Zn(II) and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) for Cd(II) and Cu(II). The proposed method was applied to determine Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) in real water samples; the enrichment factor was more than 37, the RSD was less than 4.26%, recoveries ranged from 92.7 to 107.3%, and the detection limits were 1.0µgL^–1 for Zn(II), 0.006µgL^–1 for Cd(II) and 0.06µgL^–1 for Cu(II). The results obtained were satisfactory.     

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments from Authie Bay Using Microwave Assisted Solvent Extraction

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to determine the organochlorine concentrations in sediments. Combination of Microwave assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE) and capillary gas chromatography with specific detection (electron capture detector) was a viable approach for the determination of pesticides in solid matrixes. In this study, MASE development was focused on the selection of a suitable extraction solvent for all the target analytes. MASE procedure was validated by comparison with conventional methods such as Soxhlet and sonication extraction. The proposed method was then applied to determine the organochlorine insecticides concentrations in samples from Authie Bay (France). Environmental water samples were analysed and five target analytes were detected in concentrations from 0.03 to 0.56 ng/g of dry sediment. These investigations showed the accumulation and the persistency of these products in sediments in spite of the fact they were banned a few decades ago.