空芯光子晶体光纤光子带隙的测量与数值模拟

用全矢量平面波法计算三角结构光子晶体光纤的带隙. 用透射法测量了自制的空芯光子晶体光纤的透射谱,得到了它在可见光波段透射强度与波长的关系,并在随后的实验中观测到了传光的模场图.通过理论模拟了实验所用的空芯光子晶体光纤的带隙图,与实验结果具有较好的一致性. 关键词： 空芯光子晶体光纤 光子带隙 全矢量平面波法 透射     

光子晶体光纤

近几年来，光纤家族又增添了一个新的成员——光子晶体光纤。该光纤对于传统意义的光纤而言，其传输机理有着本质上的差别，因而无论是在通信领域还是在光纤传感领域，都引起了人们极大的兴趣。并被誉为下一代光纤。具有微观结构是光子晶体光纤的主要特点。按照传光机理，通常将光子晶体光纤分为两类：全内反射效应型和光子带隙效应型。本文简要的介绍并讨论了这两种光子晶体光纤有别于谱通光纤的基本特性。     

光子带隙光纤的可调谐泄漏损耗特性的研究

通过向折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的空气孔中填充可调的高折射率的材料可以获得带隙可调的光子带隙光纤.本文采用矢量平面波展开法与矢量有限元法对可调光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗特性进行了理论研究.研究表明，这种可调光子带隙光纤的光子带隙效应使其泄漏损耗与填充材料的折射率有很强的依赖关系，同时给出了光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗和群速度色散与归一化波长的关系.     

空芯光子带隙光纤中的表面模共振耦合效应及高温传感特性

提出并研究了空芯光子带隙光纤中表面模共振耦合效应和高温传感特性.实验上观测到光子带隙光纤中的表面模耦合效应,理论上诠释了该效应的产生原理.通过表面模耦合效应,对在光纤透射光谱中形成的多个共振峰进行温度和应变传感实验,观察到独特的温度和应变传感特性:共振峰在20～150℃之间低温不敏感,在150～260℃之间高温强度敏感...     

基于正方形格子的空芯光子带隙光纤的模式特性和泄漏损耗

利用全矢量有限元法计算和分析了基于正方形格子的空芯光子带隙光纤的模式特性和泄漏损耗.通过分析发现,圆正方形空气孔按正方形格子排列的空芯光子带隙光纤可以实现宽带和有效的单模运转.随后对正方形格子空芯光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗进行了全面分析,通过分析发现纤芯直径和包层空气孔间距的变化对泄漏损耗的影响较小,但可以通过调节包层空气孔间距来实现给定的波长具有最小的泄露损耗;圆化直径对泄漏损耗的影响较前两个因素要大,且存在一个最佳的圆化直径即d_c/d=0.4;包层空气孔的 关键词： 空芯光子带隙光纤 全矢量有限元法 正方形格子 泄露损耗     

光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗特性研究

对光子晶体光纤的损耗特性进行了分析,并在实验上对两种典型的光子带隙型和全内反射型光子晶体光纤进行了研究.分别对两种不同结构的光子晶体光纤在弯曲半径2~15 mm范围内的损耗进行了测量.与传统光纤损耗实验结果的对比表明,两种光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗均不明显,具有很强的抗弯曲损耗能力.实验也证实了光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗存在临界弯曲半径,在大于临界半径的情况下,几乎没有弯曲损耗.从结构上分析并证明光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗随填充比(d/Λ)的增加而减小,填充比越高弯曲损耗越小.     

空心光子晶体光纤

利用传输常数来认识空心光子晶体光纤的导光机制,并介绍了一种新型全方向波导光纤,最后报道空心光子晶体光纤应用研究的一些进展。     

带隙型光子晶体光纤微观弯曲传输损耗特性分析

空芯光子晶体光纤由于独特的结构,具有不同于传统光纤在弯曲状态下的光传输特性。对空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤的微观弯曲损耗特性进行研究,利用改进型微弯器使光纤获得不同外力和弯曲条件下的响应,测量其传输谱。实验上分析了波长、压力、微弯振幅和微弯周期等因素对于光纤传输损耗的影响,利用模式理论分析给出了微弯损耗产生的原因。结果表明,带隙型光子晶体光纤的抗微弯能力强,由于表面模式的存在,在1520～1620nm波段内光纤微弯损耗随波长的增加而增大。带隙型光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗随微弯振幅增大而增大,并且在一定范围内损耗随微弯空间周期的增加而增大,但当微弯周期超过一定的临界值时其损耗随之减小;微弯状态下光纤的表面模式、包层模式与损耗密切相关。     

空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤整体空气孔包层导光特性研究

 传统光纤包层中仅存在泄漏的倏逝波,能量较小,不利于包层传感的应用。增大包层中的能量,实现整体包层导光是提高光纤传感灵敏度的有效途径。从理论上分析了利用空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤(HC-PCF)包层进行导光的机理。在实验上选用带隙外的冷光源和激光对一种典型结构的HC-PCF进行了空气孔包层的导光实验,并利用折射率引导型光子晶体光纤和单模光纤进行对比实验。结果表明,带隙范围外光波在HC-PCF中传输时将不受禁带效应的约束泄露至包层中重新分布。包层中SiO2与空气孔的周期型结构将光波约束在高折射率介质中,实现HC-PCF整体空气孔包层中光波的稳定传输。PBG-PCF包层的整体导光在传感上有提高灵敏度的潜在价值。     

Calculation of optical properties of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

We propose a method for calculation of the bandgaps in the cladding of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers, based on the Floquet theorem. The effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by estimates of the effect of the number of air channels in the cladding on attenuation of the fiber modes due to mode energy leakage from the core. We have studied the conditions for the existence of eigenmodes in the indicated fibers. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 311–320, March–April, 2009.     

Modification of spontaneous emission rate of micrometer-sized light sources using hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

We investigate numerically and experimentally the modification of the spontaneous emission rate for micrometer-sized light sources embedded in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF). The diameter of the light source is deliberately chosen such that they could be easily introduced into the central hole of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber by capillary force. The photoluminescence from the microparticles is measured by using an inverted microscope in combination with a spectrometer. The modification of the spontaneous emission rate is observed in a wavelength region where there is no band gap. The experimental observations are consistent with the simulation results obtained by the plane wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain techniques.     

Kagome结构空芯光子晶体光纤纤芯参数对传输特性的影响

应用全矢量有限元方法,研究大间距Kagome结构空芯光子晶体光纤中纤芯的大小、形状与壁厚对光纤传输损耗谱的影响。结果表明,某些纤芯尺寸会造成包层中的结构缺陷,易使纤芯基模、表面模及包层模之间发生能量耦合,产生较大损耗。而纤芯形状与壁厚的改变会引起表面模式的变化,从而影响发生在基模与表面模之间反向耦合的位置和强度,使光纤传输频带变窄和损耗变大。据此,提出Kagome结构光纤的纤芯设计思路,即纤芯的大小应使包层保持完整的微结构,纤芯形状应与包层中的单元微结构相楔合,纤芯壁厚应与包层中玻璃支柱的宽度相同。     

Polarization-dependent efficient Cherenkov radiation at visible wavelengths in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cladding

Efficient Cherenkov radiation (CR) is experimentally generated by a soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in a knot of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). When the angle of the half-wave plate is rotated from 0° to 45° , the Raman soliton shifts from 2227 to 2300 nm, the output power of the CR increases 8.15 times, and the maximum output power ratio of the CR at 556 nm to the residual pump is estimated to be 20:1. The width of the output optical spectrum at visible wavelengths broadens from 25 to 45 nm, and the conversion efficiency of the CR can be above 28%. Moreover, the influences of the pump polarization and wavelength on the CR are studied, and the corresponding nonlinear processes are discussed.     

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation generation in the irregular point of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation(CR) is generated by the soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS) in the irregular point of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber(HC-PCF) in our laboratory.The impacts of pump power and wavelength on the CR are investigated,and the corresponding nonlinear processes are discussed.When the average power of the 120 fs pump pulse increases from 500 mW to 700 mW,the Raman soliton shifts from 2210 nm to 2360 nm,the output power of the CR increases by 2.3 times,the maximum output power ratio of the CR at 539 nm to that of the residual pump is calculated to be 24.32:1,the width of the output optical spectrum at the visible wavelength broadens from 35 nm to 62 nm,and the conversion efficiency η of the CR in the experiment can be above 32%.     

2.5 THz环烯烃聚合物中空芯光子晶体光纤设计与实验

采用全矢量有限元法,仿真设计了一种工作在2.5 THz频段的中空芯太赫兹光子晶体光纤,用环烯烃聚合物材料（COC）制备了光纤样品,利用CO2激光泵浦气体太赫兹源搭建了测试平台并对光纤的太赫兹波传输性能进行了测试。实测光纤最低损耗0.17 dB/cm、平均损耗约0.5 dB/cm,在弯曲90情况下光纤传输损耗波动小于5%,具有良好的可弯曲性;光纤输出端口的模场分布测试结果表明,光纤是以主模进行传输,太赫兹能量很好地被束缚在光纤芯中。     

Analysis of the special hollow-core photonic crystal fibre by finite element method

Two kinds of fabricated hollow-core photonic crystal fibres （HC-PCFs） arc studied using finite element method （FEM） because the structures of the fibres are special, Normalized transmission spectra and transverse intensity distribution of the modes are calculated and measured. And the dispersion characteristics of these two kinds of HC- PCFs were analysed from 400 nm to 800 nm. Simulated and measured results show that the special structure could affect the properties of HC-PCFs, By comparing the simulated values with the measured results, it can be clarified that FEM is feasible and accurate for analysing photonic crystal fibres whose structures are irregular and complex.     

1550nm低损耗单模全固态光子带隙光纤研究

全固态光子带隙光纤由于其独特的带隙和色散特性以及易于和传统光纤熔接的优势,引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注.本文采用等离子体化学气相沉积工艺结合堆叠拉制法制备了全固态光子带隙光纤,并运用频域有限差分法模拟了其损耗和色散特性.该光纤1550 nm处有较低损耗且单模传输,计算得到1550 nm处的有效模场面积和色散分别为191.81μm2和16.418 ps/(km·nm),在测试范围1500—1650 nm内损耗小于0.15 dB/m.结合实验结果,对光纤参数做了进一步模拟优化.