强制对流和自然对流作用下枝晶生长的数值模拟

建立了一个基于格子玻尔兹曼方法 （LBM） 的二维模型,对强制对流和自然对流作用下合金凝固过程中的枝晶生长行为进行了模拟研究. 与传统的基于求解Navier-Stokes方程计算流场的方法不同,本模型采用基于分子动理论的LBM对凝固过程中的传输现象进行数值计算. 用三组粒子分布函数分别建立了计算流场、由对流和扩散所控制的浓度场和温度场的LBM演化方程. 通过求解LBM演化方程获得固/液界面前沿的浓度和温度分布. 然后,基于溶质平衡方法计算了枝晶生长的驱动力. 为了对模型进行验证,将模拟在强制和自然对流作用下枝晶上游尖端的稳态生长特征分别与Oseen-Ivantsov 解析解和修正的Lipton-Glicksman-Kurz 模型预测结果进行了比较, 模拟结果和理论预测结果符合良好. 模拟结果还表明,对流使热量和溶质从上游传输到下游,从而加速了枝晶在上游方向的生长,而抑制了下游方向的生长,形成了非对称的枝晶形貌. 关键词： 微观组织模拟 枝晶生长 对流 格子玻尔兹曼方法     

Dynamics of three-tori in a periodically forced navier-stokes flow

Three-tori solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations and their dynamics are elucidated by use of a global Poincare map. The flow is contained in a finite annular gap between two concentric cylinders, driven by the steady rotation and axial harmonic oscillations of the inner cylinder. The three-tori solutions undergo global bifurcations, including a new gluing bifurcation, associated with homoclinic and heteroclinic connections to unstable solutions (two-tori). These unstable two-tori act as organizing centers for the three-tori dynamics. A discrete space-time symmetry influences the dynamics.     

Surface tension and equilibrium shape of crystals in a wide range of angles

We have found the angular dependence of the surface tension using simplified models including short-range interaction as well as long-range interaction. The shape of a rounded surface is found in total range of angles as well as sizes of rectilinear (smooth) faces depending on parameters of a model and the temperature. Some dimensionless ratios have occurred to be universal.     

Equilibrium shape of rotating helium crystals

We have studied theoretically the effects of rotation on the equilibrium shape of the interface between superfluid and solid helium. Surface structures in the shape of hillocks and ridges appear in the presence of a vortex lattice in the superfluid. These structures are very sensitive to the orientation of the interface boundary with respect to the crystal planes when surface stiffness is very anisotropic, as occurs well below the roughening transition. We predict the appearance of ring shaped facets for fast rotation speeds. These effects should be observable by using optical techniques.     

定向凝固过程中枝晶侧向分枝生长行为与强制调控规律

采用相场法数值模拟研究了定向凝固过程中随机噪声条件下枝晶侧向分枝生成行为与强制扰动条件下侧向分枝调控规律. 模拟结果表明: 随机噪声条件下, 侧向分枝整体上并无规则性, 但产生频率存在一定分布范围, 且在一定时间段内会出现生成频率一致且具有极强相关性的一组侧向分枝, 即波包; 不同波包之间不具有相关性, 但不同波包内部的侧枝生成频率基本相同, 且与侧枝整体频谱曲线峰值位置处的频率基本相当; 强制周期扰动条件下, 当扰动频率处于侧向分枝整体生成频率范围内时, 可激发枝晶产生规则侧向分枝, 且扰动频率与波包内侧枝生成频率一致时侧向分枝最发达. 研究结果可为向定向凝固枝晶形态的调控提供理论指导.     

Synergetics of martensitic structures in shape memory crystals

The kinetic mechanism of the formation of spatially inhomogeneous martensitic structures in shape memory alloys is discussed theoretically. In terms of synergetics, the formation of these structures is the result of the self-organization of elementary transforming volumes associated with the motion of transformation dislocations along interphase boundaries. In contrast to the pure thermodynamic approach based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transformations, the kinetic method allows one to determine the proper physical scale of the phenomenon and to elucidate the effect of structural factors on the transformation parameters.     

Irreversible energy flow in forced Vlasov dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate the thermodynamic properties and structural changes of KCl spherical nanoparticles at various sizes (1064, 1736, 2800, 3648, 4224 and 5832 ions) upon heating. The melting temperature is dependent on both the size and shape of KCl models, and the behaviour of the first order phase transition is also found in the present work. The surface melting found here is different from the melting phenomena of KCl models or other alkali halides studied in the past. In the premelting stage, a mixed phase containing liquid and solid ions covers the surface of nanoparticles. The only peak of heat capacity spreads out a significant segment of temperature, probably exhibiting both heterogeneous melting on the surface and homogeneous melting in the core. The coexistence of two melting mechanisms, homogeneous and heterogeneous ones, in our model is unlike those considered previously. We also found that the critical Lindemann ratio of the KCl nanoparticle becomes much more stable when the size of the nanoparticle is of the order of thousands of ions. A picture of the structural evolution upon heating is studied in more detail via the radial distribution function (RDF) and coordination numbers. Our results are in a good agreement with previous MD simulations and experimental observations.     

Phase-field simulation of a Fe-Mn alloy under forced flow conditions

In this work a study through numerical simulation of dendritic growth for the system Fe-Mn under the influence of a forced flow field is presented. The investigations are based on an extension of the quantitative phase-field approach developed by Echebarria et. al. Phy. Rev. E 061604 (2004), to simulate the solidification of Fe-Mn under the influence of a forced flow field. The simulations are performed for isothermal conditions and the investigation concentrates on the effects of forced flow on the dendrite morphology during the growth dynamics. The effects of forced flow on microsegregation are also discussed.     

Velocity overshoot of start-up flow for a Maxwellfluid in a porous half-space

Stokes' first problem has been investigated for a Maxwell fluid in a porous half-space for gaining insight into the effect of viscoelasticity on the start-up flow in a porous medium. An exact solution was obtained by using the Fourier sine transform. It was found that at large values of the relaxation time the velocity overshoot occurs obviously and the system exhibits viscoelastic behaviours. On the other hand, for short relaxation time the velocity overshoot disappears and the system exhibits viscous behaviours. A critical value of the relaxation time was obtained for the emergence of the velocity overshoot. Furthermore, it was found that the velocity overshoot is caused by both the viscoelasticity of the Maxwell fluid and the Darcy resistance resulting from the structure of the micropore in the porous medium.     

纳米通道内液体流动的滑移现象

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了液态氩在铂纳米通道内的流动，通过改变流体和壁面之间的势能作用获得了流体和通道表面之间浸润性质不同时的滑移现象. 研究发现：液体分子在亲水性通道表面附近呈类固体性质，数密度和有序性较大，而在疏水性表面附近的平均数密度降低，形成一个低密度层；液体流动在固体表面的速度滑移随着液体与表面势能作用的增强而减小，当液体和表面的浸润性不同时可以发生滑移、表观无滑移和负滑移现象；液体在固体表面的表观滑移是液体在固体表面的速度滑移、粘附和流体内部滑移的综合作用的结果. 关键词： 纳米尺度流动 速度滑移 浸润性 分子动力学模拟     

Velocity selection for ultracold atoms using mazer action in a bimodal cavity

In this paper, we discuss the velocity selection of ultracold three-level atoms in Λ configuration using a mazer. Our model is the same as discussed by Arun et al. [R. Arun, G.S. Agarwal, M.O. Scully, H. Walther, Phys. Rev. A 62 (2000) 023809] for mazer action in a bimodal cavity. We show that the initial Maxwellian velocity distribution of ultracold atoms can be narrowed due to the presence of resonances in the transmission through dressed-state potential. When the atoms are initially prepared in one of the two lower atomic states then significantly better velocity selectivity is obtained due to the presence of dark states.     

Control of flow in forced jets: a comparison of round and square cross sections

Abstract  

Direct numerical simulation of incompressible, spatially developing round and square jets at a Reynolds number of 1,000 is performed. The effect of two types of inlet perturbation on the flow structures is analyzed. First, dual-mode excitation, which is a combination of axisymmetric perturbation at preferred mode frequency and helical perturbation at sub-harmonic frequency is used, having a disturbance frequency ratio equal to R _f  = 2. It is observed that the circular and square jets bifurcate and spread on one of the orthogonal planes forming a Y-shape jet in the downstream while no spreading is visible on the other plane. The second type of perturbation is a flapping excitation at a sub-harmonic frequency, St _F = 0.2. It leads to a Y-shape bifurcation for both square and circular jets. On the other hand, for flapping excitation at the preferred mode frequency, namely, St _F = 0.4, a circular jet bifurcates into a Ψ-shape whereas the square jet reveals simple spreading.     

Velocity profiles and discontinuities propagation in a pipe flow of suspension of motile microorganisms

Suspension of motile gravitactic unicellular algae flowing down in a vertical pipe concentrates near its axis in the form of a thin thread. Such a thread is unstable relative to the travelling nodule-like structures. We study the dynamics of nodules experimentally and describe them in terms of a hydrodynamic model.