Reply to the ＂Comment on ＇Ported from Self-Similar Analytic Solutions of Ginzburg-Landau Equation with Varying Coefficients＇＂

In view of the ＂Comment on ＇Ported from Self- Similar Analytic Solutions of Ginzburg-Landau Equation with Varying Coefficients＇＂, and referring to Refs., we reply as follows：     

Comment on ＂Ported from Self-Similar Analytic Solutions of Ginzburg-Landau Equation with Varying Coefficients＂

Recently, Feng et al. claimed that ＂they have found the asymptotic self-similar parabolic solutions in gain medium of the normal GVD＂, where the evolution of optical pulses is governed by the following Ginzburg-Landau equation （GLE）：     

Self-compression and controllable guidance of multi-millijoule femtosecond laser pulses

Self-compression of multi-millijoule femtosecond laser pulses and dramatic increase of the peak intensity are found in pressurized helium and neon within a range of intensity in which the ionization modification of the material parameters by the pulse is negligible. The pulse propagation is studied by the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation including basic lowest order optical processes - diffraction, second order of dispersion, and third order of nonlinearity. Smooth and well controllable pulse propagation dynamics is found. Construction of compressed pulses of controllable parameters at given space target point by a proper chose of the pulse energy and/or gas pressure is predicted.     

Incoherently coupled vector dipole soliton pairs in nonlocal media

We investigate the incoherently and strongly coupled Manakov vector dipole soliton pairs in nonlocal nonlinear media. We use variational approach, to describe analytical properties of these solutions in a strongly nonlocal regime. We show that the presence of fundamental component improve stability of the dipole nonlocal soliton. In the limit of highly nonlocal nonlinearity, the evolution behaviors of the vector solitons is determined by their total power.     

Generalized Theory of One-Dimensional Steady-State Optical Spatial Solitons

We present a generalized soliton theory based on the one-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equation,from which one can easily obtain the bright, dark, and grey soliton waveforms, and their existence curves. We show that the forming conditions of spatial solitons are directly dependent on the relationship between the index perturbation and the intensity, no matter whether the index perturbation is positive or negative. Some relevant examples are presented when the solitons are supported by the photoisomerization nonlinearity.     

Incoherent solitons in strongly nonlocal media: The coherent density theory

We study the properties of one dimension incoherent accessible solitons in strongly nonlocal media with noninstantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. Following the coherent density theory, we obtain an exact solution of such incoherent solitons. The spatial width of the incoherent solitons is related to the incoherent angular power spectrum θ₀ as well as the incident power. The evolution properties of the intensity profile and the coherence characteristics are also discussed in detail when the solitons undergo periodic harmonic oscillation.     

Incoherently coupled Hermite-Gaussian breather and soliton pairs in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

We theoretically investigate the propagation of incoherently coupled Hermite-Gaussian breather and soliton pairs in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. It is found that multipole-mode soliton pairs with arbitrary different orders of Hermite-Gaussian shape can exist when the total power of two beams equals the critical power and the ratio of the beam widths for the Gaussian part is inversely proportional to the square root of the ratio of the wave numbers. When the total power does not equal the critical power, the Hermite-Gaussian breather pair exists and their beam widths evolve analogously. For general cases where the ratio of the beam widths is arbitrary, soliton-breather pairs or breather-breather pairs can be formed and their beam widths evolve synchronously in-phase or out-of-phase. Numerical simulations directly based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation are conducted for comparison with our theoretical predictions. The numerical stability analysis shows the higher-order Hermite-Gaussian solitons can not be stable for small nonlocality or for some media like liquid crystals.     

Propagation of a light pulse inside matter in a context of the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma

It is shown that a light pulse propagating in an optical medium exerts the optical pressure on the medium in the regions where leading and trailing edges are propagating. This effect is derived from analysis of unambiguous thought experiments which results contradict one other. It is shown that a magnitude of the pressure is equal to (n − 1/n)W₀, where n and W₀ is the refractive index of the medium and the momentum flux density of the same pulse in free space, respectively. The Abraham form of the momentum of light is redundant if the optical pressure is taken into account. In this case the dilemma disappears because one of the rival alternatives disappears.     

Pulse self-compression in normally dispersive bulk media

We experimentally demonstrate that high-power femtosecond pulses can be compressed during the nonlinear propagation in the normally dispersive solid bulk medium. The self-compression behavior was detailedly investigated under a variety of experimental conditions, and the temporal and spectral characteristics of resulted pulses were found to be significantly affected by the input pulse intensity, with higher intensity corresponding to shorter compressed pulses. By passing through a piece of BK7 glass, a self-compression from 50 to 20 fs was achieved, with a compression factor of about 2.5. However, the output pulse was observed to be split into two peaks when the input intensity is high enough to generate supercontinuum and conical emission.     

Simulation of Femtosecond Pulse Propagation through Hollow Fibre Filled with Noble Gases of Gradient Temperature

We propose a novel technique for generating intense few to mono-cycle femtosecond pulses. The simulation demonstrate that for the temperature difference of 300K, the spectrum of the output pulses is increased by 67% and the transform limited pulse width is reduced almost by half, compared with those obtained with hollow fibres in uniform temperature.     

Propagation and interaction of beams with initial phase-front curvature in highly nonlocal media

In this paper, an exact Gaussian solution with initial phase-front curvature for the 1 + 2D Snyder–Mitchell linear model is presented. It is found that the propagation of the beam in bulk strongly nonlocal media is deeply affected by the initial phase-front curvature, which can cause the pulsating behavior of Gaussian beam, and lead to the occurrence of the periodic interference pattern during the interaction of two Gaussian beams. It is useful for further understanding the properties of optical beam in strongly nonlocal media and may be applied to precision measurement.     

Effects of dark soliton crystal temperature on the self-deflection of bright soliton in a biased serial photovoltaic photorefractive crystal circuit

Based on the theory of one-dimensional separate soliton pairs formed in a serial photovoltaic photorefractive crystal circuit, the effects of the dark soliton crystal temperature on the self-deflection of the bright one in a bright-dark soliton pair are investigated. The numerical results indicate that the spatial shift of the bright soliton can experience obvious increase in their self-deflection with the increase of the temperature of the dark soliton. The self-bending process is further studied using perturbation techniques and the results are found to be good agreement with that obtained by numerical method.     

Self-Deflection of Dark Screening Spatial Solitons Based on Higher-Order Space Charge Field

The effects of higher-order space charge field on the self-deflection of dark screening spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals are numerically investigated under steady-state conditions. The expression for an induced space-charge electric field including higher-order space-charge field terms is obtained. Numerical results indicate that dark solitons possess a self-deflection process during propagation, and the solitons always bend in the direction of the c axis of the crystal. The self-deflection of dark solitons can experience considerable increase especially in the regime of high bias field strengths.     

Roadmap to ultra-short record high-energy pulses out of laser oscillators

Highly-chirped dissipative solitons of the cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation found in this work may provide a roadmap to design passively mode-locked laser oscillators that generate pulses of extremely high energy. We provide a region in the space of the system parameters where high-energy dissipative solitons are found, along with their typical spectral and temporal features.     

Observation of light filaments induced in air by visible picosecond laser pulses

We report the observation of light filaments produced by a picosecond laser pulse in the visible. The pulse trapped in the filamentary mode experiences large-scale self-phase modulation, with almost 100-fold spectral broadening along with apparent shortening of the leading edge. Spatial-temporal properties of the light filament reveal rather complex propagation dynamics. Received: 7 August 2002 / Revised version: 12 September 2002 / Published online: 11 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +370-2/3660-06, E-mail: audrius.dubietis@ff.vu.lt     

Evolution and Stability of Dark Holographic Solitons in Photorefractive Dissipative Systems

The dynamics evolution of dark holographic solutions in a dissipative system is investigated numerically provided that the double balance, i.e. diffraction is balanced by nonlinearity and loss is balanced by gain, is satisfied. The influence of the system parameters, such as the linear loss of the crystal, the external biased field and the angel between input beams, on the stable propagation of soliton beams is discussed numerically. Results show that such solitons can be easily amplified or absorbed by adjusting these system parameters. Furthermore, numerical simulations indicate that dissipative dark holographic solitons are stable for small perturbation on amplitude.     

Travelling Wave Solutions of Triple Sine-Gordon Equation

Using a complete discrimination system for polynomials and elementary integral method, we obtain the travelling solutions for triple sine-Gordon equation. This method can be applied to similar problems and has general meaning.     

Gray spatial solitons in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals

This paper predicts that gray spatial solitons can exist in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals. Under appropriate conditions and in the steady state, the gray spatial solitons solution of the optical evolution equation is obtained. The properties associated with these solitons, such as their intensity profile, intensity full width at half-maximum, width, transverse velocity and phase distribution, are discussed as functions of their normalized intensity and degree of “grayness”. Relevant examples are provided.     

Rotating surface soliton complexes in annular waveguides

We address surface soliton complexes formed at the edge of annular guiding structures containing several concentric rings. Such soliton complexes feature a π-phase difference between neighboring spots. It is shown that the multipole-mode solitons can rotate steadily upon propagation, and the existence domain is strongly affected by the rotation frequency. The rotation may enhance the stabilization of surface multipole-mode solitons.     

Optical modes in a nonlinear double-channel waveguide

We analytically address different types of optical modes in a coupler composed by two nonlinear optical waveguides. It is shown that the coupler not only supports symmetry-preserving modes but also symmetry-breaking modes. In addition, the properties on the existence and bifurcation of those modes are analyzed in detail.