In situ FT-IR study on CO2 hydrogenation over SiO2-supported PtM (M = Cr, Mo, W) complex catalysts

The in situ FT-IR spectra were used to study the CO₂ hydrogenation reaction over the SiO₂-supported heterobinuclear metal complex catalysts, PtM (M=Cr, Mo, W). The bands, which correspond to the formate species absorbed on the catalysts, were observed. During the hydrogenation reactions, the adsorbed linear and bridging CO was not observed. The experimental results suggest that for the CO₂ and CO hydrogenation reaction over the same catalysts, their catalytic active intermediate species and the reaction mechanisms should be different.     

Effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) on selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over Pt/CNTs catalyst

Summary The effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) on the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CMA) to the corresponding semi-hydrogenated product over Pt/CNTs catalyst has been studied in ethanol at 343 K under 2.0 MPa H₂ pressure. PtNi/CNTs catalyst shows good catalytic activity and selectivity of C=C bond hydrogenation, 68.4% for conversion of CMA and 97.0% for selectivity of hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCMA). PtCo/CNTs catalyst shows good catalytic activity and selectivity of C=O bond hydrogenation, 91.3% for conversion of CMA and 88.2% for selectivity of cinnamylalcohol (CMO).     

串联双釜连续反应装置中Ru-Co-B/ZrO2上苯选择加氢制环己烯

采用化学还原法制备了苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂Ru-B/ZrO₂,考察了Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu和Zn等过渡金属的添加对Ru-B/ZrO₂催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,这些过渡金属的添加均可提高Ru-B/ZrO₂催化剂中的B含量.B的修饰及第二种金属或金属氧化物的集团效应和配位效应导致Ru-B/ZrO₂催化剂活性降低和环己烯选择性升高.当Co/Ru原子比为0.06时,Ru-Co-B/ZrO₂催化剂上反应25min苯转化率为75.8%时,环己烯选择性和收率分别为82.8%和62.8%.在双釜串联连续反应器中和优化反应条件下,Ru-Co-B/ZrO₂催化剂使用419h内苯转化率稳定在40%左右,环己烯选择性和收率分别稳定在73%和30%左右.     

纳米Ru-Mn/ZrO2催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Mn含量的纳米Ru-Mn催化剂,考察了纳米ZrO₂作分散剂时它们催化苯选择加氢制环己烯的反应性能,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、N₂物理吸附、X射线荧光、原子吸收光谱和俄歇电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ru-Mn催化剂上Mn以Mn₃O₄存在于Ru的表面上.在加氢过程中,Mn₃O₄可以与浆液中ZnSO₄发生化学反应生成一种难溶性的(Zn(OH)₂)₃(ZnSO₄)(H₂O)₃盐.该盐易化学吸附在Ru催化剂表面上,从而在提高Ru催化剂上环己烯选择性起关键作用.当催化剂中Mn含量为5.4%时,环己烯收率为61.3%,同时具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能.     

Catalytic reduction of NO_x by CO on hydro-talcites-derived mixed oxides Co AIM and MgAlM (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)

Two series of mixed oxides, CoAlM and MgAlM (M= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) , were prepared by calcining their corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLc) . The ratio of Mg: Al: M (or Co: Al: M) was 3:1:1. The catalytic activity of all samples for the reaction of NO CO was investigated. The results showed that the activity of CoAlM was much higher than that of MgAlM. The structure and the property of redox were characterized by XRD and H2-TPR. The results indicated that only MgO phase was observed after calcining MgAlM hydrotalcites, and the transition metals became more stable. The spinel-like phase appeared in all of CoAlM samples after the calcination, and the transition metals were changed to be more active, and easily reduced . The activities of three series of mixed oxides CoAlCu obtained from different preparation methods, different ratio of Co:Al:Cu and at different calcination temperatures, were studied in detail for proposing the mechanism of reaction. The ability of adsorption of NO and CO     

Composition,surface segregation,and electrochemical properties of binary PtM/C (M = Co,Ni, Cr) catalysts

The effect of the nature of transient metal and chemical treatment of binary cathodic PtM/C (M = Co, Ni, Cr) catalysts, which were prepared by high-temperature synthesis, on their structure, surface segregation, and characteristic properties (activity and stability) is studied. It is shown that, in the course of treatment in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ at the elevated temperature (60°C), the surface of nanoparticles becomes enriched in platinum with the formation of core-shell structures. The PtCo/C catalyst is the most efficient one. In this case, a compromise between the corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic activity is reached due to a higher, as compared with PtNi/C and PtCr/C, degree of alloy formation and enriching of surface in platinum in the course of corrosive attack. Thereby, the properties of platinum on the core surface change as a result of a pronounced ligand effect of the core. Thus, depending on the nature of transient metal, the binary cathodic PtM/C catalysts differ in their activity and stability, which depend on the degree of alloy formation and a possibility of formation of core-shell structure as a result of surface segregation in the course of synthesis and chemical treatment.     

MC_2O_4(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)的热力学及其热分析动力学

用DSC、TGA技术分别在N2气氛和O2气氛下对MC2O4(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)的脱水和分解过程作了热力学和动力学的研究.在N2气氛下,MC2O4·2H2O(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn)脱水温度Tde和脱水焓!deHm随原子序数Zre递增呈现明显的“二分组效应”;!deHm在(96.46±7.00)kJ·mol-1范围内波动;MC2O4·2H2O(M=Mn、Fe、Ni)的分解温度Td随原子序数递增呈现良好的线性关系;且各草酸盐分解得到氧化物(CuC2O4生成Cu、CuO混合物)时,MC2O4(M=Co、Ni、Cu)分解焓随原子序数增大也存在良好的线性关系.各草酸盐除NiC2O4·2H2O脱水过程和FeC2O4分解过程外,其余各过程机理函数均为随机成核和随后成长型.     

MC2O4(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)的热力学及其热分析动力学

用DSC、TGA技术分别在N₂气氛和O₂气氛下对MC₂O₄(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn)的脱水和分解过程作了热力学和动力学的研究. 在N₂气氛下, MC₂O₄•2H₂O(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn)脱水温度Tde和脱水焓ΔdeHm随原子序数Zre递增呈现明显的“二分组效应”；ΔdeHm在(96.46±7.00) kJ•mol^-1范围内波动；MC₂O₄•2H₂O (M=Mn、Fe、Ni)的分解温度Td随原子序数递增呈现良好的线性关系；且各草酸盐分解得到氧化物(CuC₂O₄生成Cu、CuO混合物)时, MC₂O₄(M=Co、Ni、Cu) 分解焓随原子序数增大也存在良好的线性关系. 各草酸盐除NiC₂O₄•2H₂O脱水过程和FeC₂O₄分解过程外, 其余各过程机理函数均为随机成核和随后成长型.     

Catalytic reduction of NOx by CO on hydrotalcites-derived mixed oxides CoAlM and MgAlM (M=Cr,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni,Cu)

Two series of mixed oxides, GIAlM and MgAlM (M= G, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), were prepared by calcining their corresponding hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLc). The ratio of Mg: Al: M (or Co: Al: M) was 3:1:1. The catalytic activity of all samples for the reaction of NO + CO was investigated. The results showed that the activity of CoAlM was much higher than that of MgAlM. The structure and the property of redox were characterized by XRD and H₂-TPR. The results indicated that only MgO phase was observed after calcining MgAlM hydrotalcites, and the transition metals became more stable. The spinel-like phase appeared in all of CoAlM samples after the calcination, and the transition metals were changed to be more active, and easily reduced. The activities of three series of mixed oxides CoAlCu obtained from different preparation methods, Different ratio of Co: Al: Cu and at different calcination temperatures. were studied in detail for proposing the mechanism of reaction. The ability of adsorption of NO and CO were investigated respectively for supporting the mechanism.     

CO2 fixation by hydrogenation over coprecipitated Co/Al2O3

CO₂ fixation by hydrogenation over coprecipitated 36 wt.% Co/Al₂O₃ has been studied under a range of reaction conditions to clarify the effects of reaction variables and to determine the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction. A comparison of the results with those reported for CO hydrogenation on the same catalyst indicates that, although product distributions of CO₂ and CO hydrogenation differ, the kinetics and mechanism are similar.     

Hydrogen in amorphous TM33Zr67 (TM=Fe, Co, Ni) alloys

Hydrogen sorption properties and some corresponding changes in the crystallization of amorphous TM₃₃Zr₆₇ (TM=Fe, Co, Ni) alloys have been investigated. Relatively large amount of hydrogen was found to dissolve into the amorphous alloys during electrochemical hydrogen charging. The microstructural evolution during annealing of H-charged Ni₃₃Zr₆₇ was studied as well. The weaker bonded hydrogen desorbs in a large temperature range (440–625 K) before the crystallization of the amorphous alloys to start. A hydride phase (ZrH₂) was found to form during annealing the H-charged amorphous Ni₃₃Zr₆₇ alloy. During heating at constant heating rate the hydride decomposes at about 715 K and formation of Zr₂Ni immediately takes place. The final microstructure of the Zr₂Ni, crystallized from the H-charged matrix, is noticeably finer compared to the material crystallized from the H-free amorphous alloy, most probably due to the higher temperature of Zr₂Ni formation in the H-charged amorphous alloy than in the H-free sample.     

不同硅源的Cu/SiO2催化糠醛加氢制2-甲基呋喃

以硅溶胶和气相二氧化硅为载体,采用氨蒸法制备了Cu/SiO₂-sol和Cu/SiO₂-aer两种催化剂,采用N₂吸附脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N₂O-H₂滴定、氢气程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、氨程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品进行表征,在固定床反应器中考察两种催化剂对糠醛气相加氢制2-甲基呋喃的催化性能。结果表明,Cu/SiO₂-sol催化剂具有更好的催化活性,在150 h反应时间内,糠醛转化率为100%,2-MF选择性在91%以上。这主要归因于以硅溶胶为硅源可以生成更多页硅酸铜,还原后催化剂表面Cu的分散性更高、弱酸位更多,有利于提高糠醛的转化率与2-甲基呋喃的选择性。同时Cu/SiO₂-sol具有较大的孔容孔径,有利于降低反应过程中积炭,延长催化剂寿命。     

Magnetic Susceptibilities of ThM2X2 Compounds (M = Cr,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni and Cu; X = Si and Ge)

Magnetic susceptibilities of a series of ternary intermetallic compounds of the general composition ThM₂X₂(M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu; X = Si and Ge) were determined by means of FARADAY method in the temperature interval 100–570°K. The results confirm the previously proposed magnetic behaviour of these compounds, based on the observation of the basic crystallographic parameters as a function of the atomic number of the transition metal element. The compounds were found to be alternatively ferromagnetics and antiferromagnetics depending on the atomic number of the transition metal atom.     

PtM/MxBy (M=Ni,Co, Fe) Heterostructured Nanobundles as Advanced Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Optimizing the electronic and synergistic effect of hybrid electrocatalysts based on Pt and Pt-based nanocatalysts is of tremendous importance towards a superior hydrogen evolution performance under both acidic and alkaline conditions. However, developing an ideal Pt-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst with moderated electronic structure as well as strong synergistic effect is still a challenge. Herein, we fabricated boron (B)-doped PtNi nanobundles by a two-step method using NaBH₄ as the boron source to obtain PtNi/Ni₄B₃ heterostructures with well-defined nanointerfaces between PtNi and Ni₄B₃, achieving an enhanced catalytic HER performance. Especially, the PtNi/Ni₄B₃ nanobundles (PtNi/Ni₄B₃ NBs) can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at the overpotential of 14.6 and 26.5 mV under alkaline and acidic media, respectively, as well as outstanding electrochemical stability over 40 h at the current density of 10 mA cm⁻². Remarkably, this approach is also universal for the syntheses of PtCo/Co₃B and PtFe/Fe₄₉B with outstanding electrocatalytic HER performance.     

CO2加氢合成甲醇Cu/ZrO2催化剂的失活因素

采用低温氮气吸脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜(TEM)以及热重差热(TG-DSC)等手段,对不同反应时间下Cu/ZrO₂催化剂的物理结构、微观形貌以及积炭情况进行了表征,分析了催化剂的失活原因。结果表明,造成催化剂失活的主要因素是活性组分烧结;其次,表面积炭覆盖其活性中心也造成催化剂活性在一定程度上的降低;而催化剂比表面积对其活性的影响较小。     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C (M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

Ti-Si composite oxide-supported cobalt catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation

In the present work, different silica-based supported cobalt (Co) catalysts were synthesized and used for CO2 hydrogenation for methanation. Different supports, such as SSP, MCM-41, TiSSP and TiMCM were used to prepare Co catalysts with 20 wt% Co loading. The supports and catalysts were characterized by means of N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM/EDX, XPS, TPR and CO chemisorption. It is found that after calcination of catalysts, Ti is present in the form of anatase. The introduction of Ti plays important roles in the properties of Co catalysts by:(i) facilitating the reduction of Co oxides species which are strongly interacted with support, (ii) preventing the formation of silicate compounds, and (iii) inhibiting the RWGS reaction. Based on CO2 hydrogenation, the CoTiMCM catalyst exhibites the highest activity and stability.     

钒、铬、锰磷桥络合物中31P NMR化学位移的研究

ISSIe山和W6flSChllh山子1960年首次用pdCI。和二苯基磷合成出黄色的二聚络合物，后被H。yieY＊确认为具有pRZ的桥式结构．此后一系列该类结构的化合物被合成并引起了广泛的兴趣．磷可以和两个甚至多个金属原子络合构成多核金属络合物，在催化反应中有重要应用．磷原子存在多种电子态，其3d空轨道也能参与成键．P乃1的NMR谱是研究含磷化合物立体结构的有力工具．P－31与其它核素之间的耦合常数以及P－31的化学位移对阐明化合物的立体构象以及电子结构具有重要作用．近年来，West饲用计算机神经网络技术预测P－：if的化学位移，但仅…     

Preferential oxidation of CO in H2 over Co3O4-CeO2 catalysts

The impact of nanoscience on heterogeneous catalysis is discussed with the emphasis on enantioselective hydrogenation. Experimental data on liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione are presented, demonstrating that the size of nanoparticles should account for the explanation of activity, regio- and enantioselectivity.     

Catalytic Performance in CO Hydrogenation Over SiO_2-Supported Ru-M (M=Co, Fe,Mo,Ni,Rh,Mn and Cr) Bimetallic Cluster-derived Catalysts

The bimetallic Ru-M (M=Co,Fe,Ni,Mo, Rh,Cr, Mn) catalysts were prepared from SiO_2-supported bimetallic carbonyl clusters, and it was found that the Ru-Co, Ru-Fe and Ru-Mo bimetallic carbonyl cluster-derived catalysts showed higher activity and selectivity for oxygenates such as C_1-C_5 alcohols in CO hydrogenation,in contrast to catalysts prepared from SiO_2-supported homometallic Ru and Co carbonyl clusters. In situ FT-IR studies revealed that the bands at 1584 and 1555 cm~(-1) species were intermediates to produce methanol and higher oxygenates,and at higher temperatures the 1584 cm~(-1) species could react with alkyl to form 1555 cm~(-1) species. By the surface chemical reaction and the IR study of isotopic molecules,it was suggested that 1584 and 1555 cm~(-1) were assigned to surface formyl and acetyl species.