刚性粒子增韧尼龙1010体系的研究

采用扫描电镜和动态力学等研究了在磺化聚苯乙烯（ＨＳＰＳ）作用下，尼龙１０１０（ＰＡ１０１０）／聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）共混物的形态及相容性。结果表明，ＨＳＰＳ的加入显著改善了ＰＳ与ＰＡ１０１０的相容性，加强了界面粘结，使共混物缺口冲击明显提高，实现了ＰＳ增韧ＰＡ１０１０的目标。偏光显微竟结盟表明，ＨＳＰＳ的加入对共混物中ＰＡ１０１０的结晶形态有明显影响，使ＰＡ１０１０球晶细化且不完善。     

尼龙纳米复合材料研究进展

综述了尼龙纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能特点以及近几年来国内外对尼龙纳米复合材料产品开发进展情况。重点从纳米粒子对复合材料结晶行为的影响以及纳米粒子与尼龙界面相互作用两方面研究纳米粒子增强增韧尼龙的机理。并展望了尼龙纳米复合材料的应用前景。     

二元乙丙橡胶的环氧官能化及其增韧尼龙6的研究

在双螺杆挤出机中制备了环氧官能化的二元乙丙橡胶(gEPR) ,采用红外光谱工作曲线法测量了EPR的接枝率.将环氧官能化的EPR与尼龙6 (Nylon- 6 )熔融共混,并对共混体系的相形态、断裂形貌、增韧机理、力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,gEPR的环氧官能团与Nylon- 6的端羧基和(或)端氨基发生了化学反应生成Nylon -6 co EPR共聚物,该共聚物作为界面改性剂降低了Nylon -6与EPR之间的界面张力,使EPR在Nylon -6基体中均匀、稳定地分散,而且随着EPR接枝率的增加,EPR的粒径尺寸逐渐减小.断面形貌观察发现,与Nylon -6 EPR体系相比,Nyon -6 gEPR共混体系呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.通过对Nylon -6 gEPR共混体系缺口冲击形变区的研究得出EPR增韧Nylon -6的机理是橡胶粒子的空洞化和塑料基体的剪切屈服.力学性能测试表明gEPR的引入显著提高了Nylon -6的缺口冲击强度.     

界面改性剂对刚性粒子增韧尼龙6熔体流变行为的影响

研究了界面改性剂对高岭土增韧尼龙６熔体流变行为的影响,并与硅烷偶联剂ＫＨ５５０进行了比较．结果表明,ＫＨ５５０的加入明显降低了高岭土填充尼龙６熔体的粘度和弹性,而界面改性剂显著地增强了它的粘度和弹性．这一差别应归因于同ＫＨ５５０相比,界面改性剂更有效地增强了高岭土与尼龙６基体之间的界面结合和其自身的回弹性能．同时,界面改性剂的用量对高岭土填充尼龙６流变行为具有很大影响．当界面改性剂的用量为高岭土和尼龙６总量的２％时,界面改性剂在高岭土表面上趋于“饱和”,再增加界面改性剂的用量,对流变行为的影响不大．     

MC尼龙-纳米La2O3复合材料的制备及性能研究

用原位分散聚合法制备了一系列MC尼龙／纳米La2O3复合材料，研究了纳米La2O3用量对复合材料力学性能的影响，用SEM观察了La2O3粒子在MC尼龙基体中的分散情况，用XRD对复合材料的晶体结构进行了表征。SEM观察结果表明，当纳米La2O3用量小于1％时，纳米La2O3均匀分散于MC尼龙基体中，团聚情况很少，当纳米La2O3用量大于1％时，纳米La2O3开始团聚；XRD研究结果表明，纳米La2O3没有改变MC尼龙的结晶形态；力学性能的研究结果表明，随着纳米La2O3用量的增加，复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都呈先升后降的趋势，当纳米La2O3用量为0．5％时，复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值，分别比MC尼龙提高17．9％和52．1％，当纳米La2O3的用量为1．0％时，复合材料的缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大值，分别比MC尼龙基体提高36，6％．12．7％和16．3％。     

橡胶／纳米无机粒子增韧增强环氧树脂的研究

综述了当前环氧树脂增韧增强改性的研究现状,详细介绍了弹性体增韧环氧树脂、无机纳米粒子改性环氧树脂、粘土改性环氧树脂、纳米SiO2改性环氧树脂以及弹性体／无机纳米粒子协同增韧增强环氧树脂的机理和实验方法。并对其实验结果进行了分析比较。     

催化剂用量对MC尼龙合成、形态与性能的影响

本文通过改变催化剂用量合成了三个系列MC尼龙,对其球晶形态及部分性能进行了表征.引发剂和活化剂用量对聚合速度,单体转化率和产物熔融指数都有很大影响.为保证MC尼龙有优良的综合性能,催化剂用量须控制在一定的范围内,减少催化剂用量是提高其抗冲击强度的有效途径.     

浇铸尼龙—6的结晶与熔融

用ＤＳＣ法研究了Ｌａ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３对浇铸尼龙－６（ＭＣ尼龙－６）结晶与熔融的影响，二者都使ＭＣ尼龙－６熔体等速降温的结晶温度Ｔｅ升高，等速升温的溶点Ｔｍ降低，结晶度Ｘｃ降低，拉伸过程的断裂能密度及断裂伸长率提高，Ｌａ２Ｏ３使ＭＣ尼龙－６平衡熔点Ｔｍ降低，结晶速率增加，结晶完善程度变差，Ｙ２Ｏ３使ＭＣ尼龙－６的Ｔｍ升高，它可显著改善ＭＣ尼龙－６的耐热性。     

纳米硅粉/MC尼龙6复合材料的制备与性能

将纳米硅粉分散于熔融的己内酰胺中,以NaOH为催化剂,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯为助催化剂,原位制备了纳米硅粉/MC尼龙6复合材料.用红外光谱、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、热重分析仪和差示扫描量热仪对复合材料的界面结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明,纳米硅粉在尼龙6基体中具有较好的分散性,而且其与基体有比较强的界面作用,纳米硅粉促进了尼龙6的结晶,但是其对尼龙6的晶型结构没有产生明显的影响.     

超分子聚合物增强增韧的羧基丁腈橡胶

通过1,12-二氨基十二烷(DDA)和丙烯酸(AA)之间的反应合成了一系列通过氢键连接的具有不同结构的超分子聚合物，并将其与羧基丁腈橡胶(XNBR)和加工助剂共混，样品硫化后在橡胶基体中原位构筑超分子聚合物，制备了兼具高的强度和韧性的硫磺硫化的XNBR。结果表明：加入不同的超分子聚合物，材料的拉伸强度、模量和韧性较空白样品均有所提高。当DDA与AA的摩尔比为1∶3时合成的超分子聚合物添加到XNBR中时，材料的拉伸强度和断裂能分别是空白样品的2.1和2.7倍。这是由于在材料受力拉伸时，超分子聚合物自身的氢键以及超分子聚合物与羧基丁腈橡胶中的羧基间的氢键作为弱键会优先于共价键断裂，在此过程中耗散了大量的能量，避免材料因应力集中过早地被破坏，从而显著提高了材料的拉伸强度和韧性。另外，通过循环拉伸测试和变速拉伸实验，进一步揭示了能量耗散的机理。     

铸型尼龙/纳米ZnO复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合反应制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料并对其性能、形貌和结晶形态进行了分析.分析结果表明:MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料中ZnO达到了纳米级分散,并且粒子分布比较均匀,粒子的粒径在30~50 nm左右.纳米ZnO没有改变尼龙6的结晶形态.纳米ZnO的加入起到同时增强增韧的作用;使体积电阻系数降了8×104倍、表面电阻系数降了5.7×104倍、摩擦系数降低了29%,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料摩擦磨损性能和抗静电性能明显优于MC尼龙6;经过力学拉伸试验的破坏,引起MC尼龙6结构发生宏观应力变化,造成(002 202晶面)产生明显的择优取向.     

Modelling the Chemistry of Zeolites by Computer Graphics

The unique structural, adsorptive, and catalytic properties of zeolites are particularly amenable to illustration by computer (especially color) graphics. The siting of cations, the accommodation of guest reactant or product species, as well as the occurrence of various kinds of intergrowths (e.g. twin planes and coincidence boundaries) within these microporous solids can all be effectively portrayed by graphical means in such a manner as to emphasize the shape-selective character of the host zeolite. The dynamics of translational and angular motion of guest species (for example benzene) in a channel of molecular dimensions within a typical zeolitic solid (for example silicalite) can also be probed interactively using appropriate potential functions.     

kevlar纤维增强尼龙6复合材料的力学性能

对Kevlar纤维进行了改性,使其成为己内酰胺阴离子开环聚合的活性中心,采用阴离子接枝法在Kevlar纤维(KF)表面接枝尼龙6低聚物,并与基体尼龙6混合,用挤出和注塑方式制备了尼龙6/改性Kevlar纤维(PA6/KF1)复合材料。ESEM和XPS分析表明,Kevlar纤维表面接枝上了尼龙6低聚物。比较了尼龙6/未改性Kevlar纤维(PA6/KF0)和PA6/KF1复合材料的力学性能及破坏形态,同时探讨了其破坏机理。结果表明,接枝尼龙6的KF1增强了KF与尼龙6复合材料界面的相互作用,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了20.69%、12.26%和14.23%,但冲击强度降低了8.2%;当复合材料被破坏时,未改性纤维表面只粘附有少量的树脂尼龙6,而改性纤维的表面有较多的树脂包覆层,呈部分非界面脱粘破坏,具有良好的界面结合能力。     

Inverse GC Investigation of the Adsorption of Thiophenic Compounds on Zeolites

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) has been used to examine the adsorption of organo-sulfur compounds on various zeolites. Results obtained were used to explain the behaviour of these materials as adsorbents for ultra-deep desulfurisation of fuels. The model compounds chosen were thiophene and 2,5-dimethylthiophene, with zeolite adsorbents NaX, HX, NaY and HY. Zeolite NaY showed the largest adsorption capacity. Adsorption isotherms in the gas phase are not representative of saturation adsorption in the liquid phase. However, the heat of adsorption and the specific interaction parameter were found to be well correlated to the strength and the selectivity of adsorption in the liquid phase by the different zeolites. The main conclusion of this work is that IGC is a useful tool for preliminary comparison of different adsorbents for the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels.     

浇铸尼龙－6的结晶与熔融

用ＤＳＣ法研究了Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３和Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３对浇铸尼龙－６（ＭＣ尼龙－６）结晶与熔融的影响。二者都使ＭＣ尼龙－６熔体等速降温的结晶温度Ｔ＿ｃ升高、等速升温的溶点Ｔ＿ｍ降低、结晶度Ｘ＿ｃ降低，拉伸过程的断裂能密度及断裂伸长率提高。Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３使ＭＣ尼龙－６平衡熔点只降低，结晶速率增加，结晶完善程度变差。Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３使ＭＣ尼龙－６的升高，它可显著改善ＭＣ尼龙－６的耐热性。     

Modeling Equilibrium Behavior of Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6/6,6 Copolymer

Nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 reaction equilibria depend in a complex way on water concentration and temperature. For example, data sets from six research groups reveal that the apparent equilibrium constant for polycondensation increases with water at low water concentrations, reaches a maximum, and then decreases as the water concentration rises further. In this article, semi‐empirical expressions are proposed to describe the experimentally observed equilibrium behavior for the five main reactions that occur during nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 polymerization. Nine side reactions involving amidine ends, cyclopentanone ends, and hydrated carboxyl ends are used to develop expressions that account for the influence of both water and temperature on these equilibrium constants. Excellent fit to the data, over the entire range of the available nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 literature data, suggests that the proposed equations will be helpful for modeling reaction equilibria for nylon 6/6,6 copolymerization.     

原位聚合玻纤-尼龙6热塑性复合材料的研究

研究了己内酰胺开环聚合反应,确定了适用于RTM方法原位制备玻纤织物增强热塑性复合材料的工艺。结果表明:表面处理可抑制玻纤对单体的阻聚作用,使单体转化率达97%,尼龙6的分子量大于3.0×105;制备的玻纤方格布增强尼龙6复合材料的力学性能比纯尼龙6有显著提高。SEM分析表明复合材料有着良好的界面连接。     

Improved Kinetic Rate Constants for Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6, and Nylon 6/6,6 Copolymer

Nylon 6 and 6,6 literature data are collected over a wide range of water concentrations and temperatures (0 ≤ [W]₀ ≤ 40.8 wt%, 200 ≤ T ≤300 °C) and used to fit parameters in an updated batch reactor model. The resulting copolymerization model uses side reactions to account for the complex influence of water on kinetics and reaction equilibria. The proposed parameter estimates result in a significant improvement in the fit to the data, corresponding to a 73% reduction in the weighted‐least‐squares objective function compared to when the parameters of Arai et al. are used. Copolymerization simulations are conducted at industrially relevant conditions, shedding light on the complex influence of water and on the potential to include waste nylon 6 cyclic dimer in the feedstock. The model and parameter estimates will be helpful in future models of nylon 6/6,6 copolymerization in continuous reactor systems.     

三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐对玻纤增强尼龙66复合材料阻燃性能的影响

将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)阻燃剂添加到玻纤增强的尼龙66复合材料(GF-PA66)中。利用UL-94实验对MCA在复合材料中的阻燃效果进行研究;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了燃烧后的样品形貌,并利用热重分析法对复合材料的热分解行为进行了研究。结果表明:MCA可使玻纤增强尼龙66复合材料达到UL-94V-0级阻燃效果;MCA晶体被均匀地分散于尼龙基体中,在燃烧时MCA通过自身吸热分解,产生不可燃气体,实现气相阻隔,从而起到阻燃作用,并在复合材料自熄面上留下纳米级气孔。