双水相萃取法从发酵液中分离提取α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶的研究

以ＰＥＧ／硫酸铵双水相体系，经一次萃取从α－淀粉酶发酵液中分离提取α－淀粉酶和蛋白酶。萃取最适宜的条件为１５％ＰＥＧ１０００、２０％（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４，ｐＨ＝８，α－淀粉酶收率９０％，分配系数为１９．６；与蛋白酶的分离系数高达１５．１，比活率为原发酵液的１．５倍，蛋白酶在水相中的收率高于６０％。本文对反萃取条件进行了初步研究。与传统的提取法相比，本法可直接处理发酵粗滤液，提高工效，降低能耗和酶活损     

双水相萃取法富集分离银杏叶浸取液的探讨

以银杏叶提取液制成的药物 ,用于对心血管、脑血管、动脉硬化、高血压等疾病的治疗 ,有其它药物不能达到的特殊疗效[1～4] 。另外 ,银杏叶制剂长期服用没有毒副作用 ,这是同类西药无法达到的。银杏叶制品还可用于生物农药、保健食品、化妆品等方面。从银杏叶中取提主要药用成分黄酮类化合物是研究开发银杏叶应用的关键 ,包括银杏叶黄酮化合物的浸取和浸出液的富集分离两个步骤以及①有机溶剂萃取法 ;②双水相萃取法 ;③离子吸附法等富集分离黄酮类化合物的方法[5 ,6] 。近 2 0年来 ,溶剂萃取技术与其它技术相结合 ,产生了一系列新的分离技术…     

双水相浮选过程中青霉素的分离行为

基于双水相浮选技术(ATPF)分离富集水相中青霉素的方法,研究了双水相浮选过程中青霉素的分离行为.在常温下,2.5 g/L青霉素水溶液300 mL、初始pH 7、(NH4)2SO4浓度350 g/L、浮选溶剂为50%(w/w)PEG1000水溶液10 mL条件下,分别研究了青霉素在双水相浮选过程中的动力学行为和分离后的...     

双水相萃取结合液相色谱法分离蛋白质

建立了PEG/( NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取富集,结合液相色谱分离分析多种蛋白质的方法.考察了无机盐种类和浓度、PEG分子量、pH值和温度等因素对双水相形成以及对细胞色素C、肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、溶菌酶、胰蛋白酶分配行为的影响.结果表明,上述5种蛋白在室温、pH 3.5～9.0范围内,可在15％ PEG-4000/10％ (NH4)2SO4双水相体系中得到富集,且主要集中在下相.同样条件下,血清中的高丰度蛋白在上下相均有分配,下相分配量较大.通过双水相萃取分离蛋白质及对液相色谱一定时间段的色谱峰收集,可初步实现血清中高丰度蛋白质的分离去除.     

基于离子液体的双水相体系的分离机理及应用

离子液体由于具有非挥发性、低毒、不易燃、热稳定性及化学稳定性高等优势,被认为是可替代传统有机溶剂的"绿色溶剂",在双水相体系构建方面得到了广泛应用。基于离子液体的双水相体系在生物大分子及有机化合物萃取分离方面具有独特优势,如萃取快速,操作简单,不需使用有害有机溶剂及复杂设备,易于规模化且生物兼容性好。该文综述了基于离子液体的双水相体系的两相分离机理及其在有机小分子及生物样品萃取纯化中的应用。并在此基础上讨论了离子液体双水相体系的优势、缺点以及未来发展趋势。     

智能聚合物的双水相体系在生物分子分离纯化中的应用

简单地改变智能聚合物组成的双水相体系的外界条件,如温度、酸度、离子强度、光照强度、电场、磁场强度等,就可使成相聚合物与生物分子分离。基于智能聚合物的双水相体系分离过程简单,聚合物材料易于回收。近年来,以智能聚合物组成的双水相体系在分离纯化生物分子的研究中发展迅速。本文简要介绍了双水相萃取的原理,综述了十多年来温度敏感型、酸度敏感型、光敏型和具有亲和功能的双水相体系和双水相萃取与其他相关技术的结合在生物分子分离纯化中的研究进展。     

杜仲叶中绿原酸提取分离工艺条件的研究

对杜仲叶绿原酸的提取分离进行研究.探讨了水以及不同浓度乙醇、甲醇和丙酮水溶液作为提取溶剂对绿原酸得率的影响,采用正交实验方法对影响绿原酸提取率的主要因素进行分析,并采用大孔树脂对其分离.结果表明,50℃水提绿原酸得率比较高,其得率为1.06%,从而确定水作为绿原酸提取溶剂;水提杜仲叶绿原酸的最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃,料液比1∶16,pH4,提取时间3h,所筛选的GC-I树脂是吸附分离绿原酸的最佳吸附剂,吸附最佳pH值为3,吸附流速为3BV/h;本实验条件下得到粗产品纯度为30.88%,收率为76.51%.     

大孔吸附树脂提取酸性蛋白酶抑制剂研究

采用CAD-40大孔吸附树脂吸附法代替正丁醇溶剂萃取法从发酵液中提取酸性蛋白酶抑制剂是可行的。研究结果表明在pH=6条件下吸附效果最佳,经水或0.05摩尔/升的氨水淋洗后,用95％乙醇洗脱,其提取率比溶剂萃取法提高15％。     

无机盐存在下双水相体系萃取分离碘-乙基紫-镉(Ⅱ)缔合物

研究了在丙醇-水体系中加入表面活性剂乙基紫(EV)后,影响Cd2 分离的酸度、无机盐、卤离子种类等条件。实验表明,(NH4)2SO4存在下,无表面活性剂EV,一定量的I-,在酸性条件下,Cd2 的萃取率为68%,而同样条件下,加入mg级表面活性剂EV后,Cd2 与EV、г形成三元缔合物,被均相萃取、异相分离;缔合物进入丙醇相,Cd2 被完全萃取分离;在pH 1.0时,试验了Cd2 加入量为5μg/mL时与Fe3 、Co2 、Ni2 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Zn2 、Cr3 的二元或多元离子混合液的分离试验,分离完全。     

离子液体双水相体系萃取分离牛血清白蛋白

建立了由亲水性离子液体四氟硼酸1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑([Bmim]BF4)和KH2PO4形成的双水相体系萃取分离牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的新方法。研究了不同盐及盐的浓度、离子液体浓度以及蛋白质用量、溶液酸度、其它共存物质对双水相成相及BSA萃取率的影响,结果表明,磷酸二氢钾盐浓度为80g/L,离子液体浓度在160~240mL/L,BSA的浓度为30~50mg/L,溶液酸度在pH4~8范围,离子液体双水相体系对BSA有较高的萃取率。用加入不同类型表面活性剂探讨了离子液体与蛋白质之间的作用。     

正丙醇-氯化钠-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚双水相萃取光度法测定工业废水中的Zn~(2+)

研究了在简单的丙醇-氯化钠双水相体系中4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)与Zn2+形成的配合物的分配行为,建立了分离和测定工业废水中Zn2+的双水相萃取光度分析方法。结果表明,在pH=8.0的Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲溶液中,PAR与Zn2+形成的配合物被萃取到丙醇中,其最大吸收波长为493nm,与PAR和丙醇水溶液的混合液相比,发生了88nm的红移。在该条件下,Zn2+在0.05~0.25μg·mL-1范围内符合比尔定律,其相关系数为0.9989,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2.26×104 L·mol-1·cm-1。该方法测定工业废水中的Zn2+与原子吸收法结果一致。     

The Effect of Salvia hispanica and Nigella sativa Seed on the Volatile Profile and Sensory Parameters Related to Volatile Compounds of Dry Fermented Sausage

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Salvia hispanica and Nigella sativa seed addition on the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics (with particular emphasis on odor and flavor) of traditionally produced dry fermented sausages with reduced nitrites. Five different sausage formulations were prepared: control sample; samples with 1% and 2% addition of chia seed; samples with 1% and 2% addition of black cumin seed. The sausages were subjected to analysis including proximate chemical composition, volatile compound determination, and sensory analysis. The sausages with chia seed in the amounts of 1% and 2% as well as the sample with 1% addition of black cumin seed were characterized by positive sensory features, and their overall quality was rated above 7 c.u. on a 10-point scale, similar to the control sausage. Sausage samples with the addition of cumin seed were characterized by the highest herbal odor and flavor. The addition of Salvia hispanica and Nigella sativa seed significantly affected the amount of volatile compounds in fermented sausages. Sausages with black cumin presented the greatest amount of total volatile compounds, mainly contributed by terpenes.     

Ionic Liquid-salt Aqueous Two-phase System, a Novel System for the Extraction of Abused Drugs

Extraction of drugs from complex sample is a crucial step for determination of drugs. However, most of existing extraction methods use poisonous volatile solvents1. The traditional aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) might be an alternative, but most of phase-forming polymers have high viscidity and form an opaque solution. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention for their potential use as green solvents and possible replacements for common volatile organic solvents2,3. In this work…     

外加盐作用形成的正负离子表面活性剂双水相

癸基三乙基溴化铵-癸基磺酸钠（C10NE-C10SO3）等摩尔混合均相体系（即使在表面活性剂总浓度高达0.2 mol•L－1时仍然可形成稳定的均相溶液）在外加盐NaF、Na2SO4和Na3PO4的作用下可自发分离成两个水相（双水相）.研究了该类双水相体系的形成、相行为及其对牛血清蛋白（BSA）的分配，并与普通的正负离子表面活性剂混合双水相体系进行了比较.结果表明，该类双水相体系克服了普通的正负离子表面活性剂混合双水相体系的一些不足，具有一些独特的优点.该类双水相体系的相行为可以通过外加盐进行调控,通过外加盐的种类来调控和优化BSA的分配行为.图1表2参8     

SDS/CTAB/H2O的双水相性质及萃取作用

正负离子表面活性混合物;牛血清蛋白质;色氨酸;SDS/CTAB/H2O的双水相性质及萃取作用     

Efficient Purification of Camptothecin via Aqueous Two-phase System Composed of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidinium Benzoate Ionic Liquid and K2CO3

After being hydrolyzed into corresponding hydrosoluble carboxylate by 1,1,3,3,-tetramethylguanidine (TMG), camptothecin was extracted via the aqueous two-phase systems composed of ionic liquid 1,1,3,3- tetramethylguanidinium(TMGM) carboxylate and K₂CO₃, and was regenerated at the final by dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid. Among the ionic liquids, TMGM benzoate showed the best effect, TMGM formate the worst, this results were consistent with the liposolubilities of different carboxylic acid components in the ionic liquids. Through two-step extraction of TMGM benzoate ionic liquid/K₂CO₃ aqueous two-phase under a favorable condition, camptothecin was obtained in a purity of 98.3% and a total yield of 85.1%, from the crude camptothecin extract with a purity of 14.2%.     

盐对正负离子表面活性剂双水相性质的影响

主要研究了盐对SDS/CTAB/H₂O混合系统双水相相行为的影响, 并对双水相上相的液晶性质进行了初步的探索. 结果表明: 盐能促使阴离子双水相区和阳离子双水相区分别向SDS和CTAB方向移动, 并使双水相区加宽. 反离子扩散双电层中盐的离子半径越大, 其对ATPS区的位置及相区宽度的影响程度越大. 盐的浓度达到一定值时, 它对双水相的影响可以达到饱和状态. ATPS_a区的饱和盐浓度值大于ATPS_c区的饱和盐浓度值. 异号盐离子对反离子层的限制作用与其离子半径有关.     

Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LOCK900 on Development of Volatile Compounds and Sensory Quality of Dry Fermented Sausages

Traditional dry fermented meat products are highly appreciated by consumers. A probiotic starter culture increases their attractiveness through sensory qualities and a potential health-promoting effect. The ability to scale the laboratory solution to industrial conditions is an additional scientific and practical value of a new way of using probiotics in the meat industry. The aim was to evaluate the influence of the probiotic starter culture Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LOCK900 on the development of volatile organic compounds and the sensory quality of dry fermented pork sausages during fermentation and refrigeration storage. The microbiological and sensory characteristic (QDA method) and volatile compound (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: GC–MS) were evaluated. The number of LOCK900 cells during 12 weeks of storage remained above 6 log CFU g⁻¹, making this product a functional food. The addition of probiotic LOCK900 increased the levels of acidic volatile compounds, aldehydes, and esters, which, combined with the additives and spices used, had a positive effect on the sensory properties of ripening sausages. The sausages with LOCK900 were characterised by positive sensory features, and their overall quality remained high during storage and did not differ from that of the control sausages.