化学科普图书编写和出版的现状与分析*

化学科普图书是传播化学知识和化学思想的重要载体。采用内容分析法,以国内线上图书交易平台在售的74种化学科普图书为研究对象,从化学科普图书的出版数量、作者和读者群体、内容类型、形式特征以及用户评价5个维度对化学科普图书进行统计与分析,总结国内在售化学科普图书的现状,挖掘其中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出几点建议。     

《核磁共振实验200例——实用教程（原著第三版）》

要点：本书坚持边做边学的原则，是近年来难得的一本集基础性、实践性、理论性、应用性、教学性和手册性于一身的优秀图书，原著自1996年第一版出版以来即受到相关读者的普遍欢迎。     

谨告读者

《功能高分子学报》自1988年创刊以来,得到厂大读者的关心和支持。经过编委会的不懈努力和编辑人员的辛勤工作,刊物的质量和声誉不断提高,获得许多专家的好评。1995年本刊经北京高校图书期刊研究会、北京大学图书馆认定为中国化学类核心期刊;并被美国化学文摘oA）列为世界高分子领域核心期刊。今后我们仍希望得到广大读者的关心和支持,把刊物办得更好。《功能高分子学报》编辑部谨告读者     

有水时,难溶物能否发生置换反应?

编者按 本干从本期起,推出一个新栏目--服务信箱.本栏目将不定期地刊出从读者来信中提出的教学中碰到的各种问题以及对这些问题的解答.目的是为读者提供教学咨询,为教学第一线上的读者排优解难;也为了更加密切读者、作者和编者的联系,更好地为读者服务.本栏目欢迎读者踊跃来稿,提出您在教学实践中碰到的各种化学问题,并将邀请有关专家对此作答,同时也欢迎读者来稿积极参与对这些问题的讨论.本栏目文章要求有的放矢、短小精悍、言简意赅、解决问题.本期该栏目刊出一组由严宣申教授作答的在中学化学教学中常被提及的化学教学问题.……     

有水时,难溶物能否发生置换反应?

编者按 本干从本期起,推出一个新栏目--服务信箱.本栏目将不定期地刊出从读者来信中提出的教学中碰到的各种问题以及对这些问题的解答.目的是为读者提供教学咨询,为教学第一线上的读者排优解难;也为了更加密切读者、作者和编者的联系,更好地为读者服务.本栏目欢迎读者踊跃来稿,提出您在教学实践中碰到的各种化学问题,并将邀请有关专家对此作答,同时也欢迎读者来稿积极参与对这些问题的讨论.本栏目文章要求有的放矢、短小精悍、言简意赅、解决问题.本期该栏目刊出一组由严宣申教授作答的在中学化学教学中常被提及的化学教学问题.     

有水时,难溶物能否发生置换反应?

本刊从本期起 ,推出一个新栏目———服务信箱。本栏目将不定期地刊出从读者来信中提出的教学中碰到的各种问题以及对这些问题的解答。目的是为读者提供教学咨询 ,为教学第一线上的读者排优解难 ;也为了更加密切读者、作者和编者的联系 ,更好地为读者服务。本栏目欢迎读者踊跃来稿 ,提出您在教学实践中碰到的各种化学问题 ,并将邀请有关专家对此作答 ,同时也欢迎读者来稿积极参与对这些问题的讨论。本栏目文章要求有的放矢、短小精悍、言简意赅、解决问题。本期该栏目刊出一组由严宣申教授作答的在中学化学教学中常被提及的化学教学问题。     

《应用化学》杂志被评选为全国核心期刊

北京高校图书馆期刊工作研究会和北京大学图书馆等图书期刊研究部门按照文献计量学原理,对我国各类学科的期刊状况进行了统计研究,评选出了核心期刊。 核心期刊又称重点期刊或重要期刊。是指刊载某一学科(或专业)的有关信息较多,水平较高,并能够反映该学科的最新成果和前沿动态,受到该专业读者特别关注的期刊。这次评选     

晚清化学图书翻译出版的特点与走向

通过对晚清化学图书翻译出版的分析与研究,系统介绍晚清化学图书翻译出版的三大发展阶段——零星翻译出版西方图书阶段、系统翻译出版西方图书阶段和翻译出版日文书阶段,并简要分析了晚清化学图书翻译出版的特点及其走向。     

《分析化学手册》(第三版)

正"十二五"国家重点图书、国家出版基金项目。共10个分册13册,以1800余万字的篇幅,全面展示了现代分析方法和技术。汪尔康院士担任编委会主任,江桂斌、陈洪渊、张玉奎院士担任副主任,10位院士、多位杰青、长江学者以及众多资深专家组成权威的编写团队。在编排方式上突出手册的可查阅性,读者可通过多种途径检索到有关知识点。     

《分析化学手册》(第三版)

正"十二五"国家重点图书、国家出版基金项目。共10个分册13册,以1800余万字的篇幅,全面展示了现代分析方法和技术。汪尔康院士担任编委会主任,江桂斌、陈洪渊、张玉奎院士担任副主任,10位院士、多位杰青、长江学者以及众多资深专家组成权威编写团队。在编排方式上突出手册的可查阅性,读者可通过多种途径检索到有关知识点。     

Newer methods of determining electrolytic conductivity

This paper describes, in outline, the theory, construction and use of a three-terminal transformer ratio-arm bridge. The effect of strong impedance and capacitance are minimized without the use of a Wagner earth. By using special cells the use of contacting metal electrodes can be eliminated. The use of the bridge for measuring dielectric constants is also described.     

Analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in hair

Methamphetamine (MA) is a sympathomimetic amine whose abuse has become a serious problem in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. The use of hair for the determination of MA use has become more commonplace. The maximum period in which MA and its main metabolites (amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine) can be detected in urine is about 10 days after its use. However, proof of MA use is possible in hair even several years after its use if the part of the hair that grew in the period of its use is available. In addition, segmental analysis of hair is capable of clarifying the history of MA abuse. This paper reviews the clean-up, extraction, analytical method and distribution of MA and its metabolites in hair from reports published in the last 20 years.     

Nucleic acid encoding to program self-assembly in chemical biology

This tutorial review serves as an introduction to the use of oligonucleotides and in particular peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to encode function beyond heredity. Applications in chemical biology are reviewed starting with the use of nucleic acid tags to program self-assembled microarrays of small and macromolecules, followed by the use of nucleic acid templated reactions for the purpose of DNA or RNA sensing and finally, the use of nucleic acid templates to display ligands.     

Antibiotic use in food animals: controlling the human health impact

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs has compromised control of many bacterial pathogens. For foodborne pathogens, the most likely source of resistance is use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals. To control the human health impact from use of antimicrobials in animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently announced plans to assess the microbial safety of all antimicrobials intended for use in food-producing animals. This paper describes the history of antimicrobial use and regulation in animals, the public health concern, the current animal drug approval process in the United States, the international perspective, and FDA's proposed procedures to evaluate the human health impact of the antimicrobial effects associated with animal drugs intended for use in food-producing animals. The primary public health goal of the improved regulatory paradigm is to ensure that significant human antimicrobial therapies are not lost due to use of antimicrobials in food animals.     

The deplorable state of the description of the use of certified reference materials in the literature

A detailed survey of 26 scientific journals showed that journal editors and a majority of authors of the reviewed papers seem unconcerned by the importance of correctly reporting their use of certified reference materials (CRMs). Only around 55% of the abstracts surveyed mention the use of CRMs described in these papers. This, however, is of key importance as the abstract of a paper is most widely available in electronic media. Many authors mentioned the use of CRMs in passing, often in incomplete form and without giving any details of the results obtained. Some are confused about the source of the reference material used, as they fail to report the type or the producer of CRMs applied. Others use materials that do not match the samples analyzed or do not see the need to use any CRM, despite the availability of suitable materials. Even in cases where correct data were given for type and producer of the CRMs, frequently the proper use and statistical evaluation are questionable. To improve this situation it is necessary that publishers should give recommendations where and how the use of CRMs should be described.     

培养真核微生物矿化生成纳米SiO2构筑体及其表征

硅在生物体沉积是自然界的普遍现象，SiO2是其存在的基本形式。本文选择真核间型酒香酵母、近似内孢霉酵母、黑根霉菌三种菌，利用生物矿化手段，采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、Na2SiO3两种硅源进行生物纳米SiO2沉积实验，实验结果采用SEM、TEM、EDX、ED等表征手段进行了深入细致的研究，结果表明①间型酒香酵母沉积颗粒状SiO2纳米粒子；②近似内孢霉酵母沉积壳鞘状的SiO2纳米结构；③黑根霉菌沉积管状的SiO2纳米结构；④真核微生物能够利用TEOS，也可以利用Na2SiO3。说明真核微生物矿化与模板组成、表面张力、空间结构及硅营养等因素有关系，为利用真核生物矿化材料提供大量依据。     

Irrungen und Wirrungen um Biokraftstoffe. Biokraftstoffe sind nicht per se nachhaltig

The annual photosynthesis on the Earth exceeds the anthropogenic CO₂ production. This suggests an energetic use of biomass and has greatly promoted the development of biofuels. In many cases, however, the use of biofuels is breaking the rules of sustainability. To meet the world's energy demand from biomass would require the total available agricultural land. This insight has a critical plate or tank discussion triggered. Energetically and environmentally more efficient than the use of biofuels would be the cultivation of fast‐growing timber and its direct use in coal power plants for electricity production. By far the most efficient use of solar energy is provided by photovoltaic and solar heat use. Because of their high energy density liquid second‐generation biofuels will be applied also in future in such cases where electrical mobility has its limits.     

The deplorable state of the description of the use of certified reference materials in the literature.

A detailed survey of 26 scientific journals showed that journal editors and a majority of authors of the re- c viewed papers seem unconcerned by the importance of correctly reporting their use of certified reference materials (CRMs). Only around 55% of the abstracts surveyed mention the use of CRMs described in these papers. This, however, is of key importance as the abstract of a paper is most widely available in electronic media. Many authors mentioned the use of CRMs in passing, often in incomplete form and without giving any details of the results obtained. Some are confused about the source of the reference material used, as they fail to report the type or the producer of CRMs applied. Others use materials that do not match the samples analyzed or do not see the need to use any CRM, despite the availability of suitable materials. Even in cases where correct data were given for type and producer of the CRMs, frequently the proper use and statistical evaluation are questionable. To improve this situation it is necessary that publishers should give recommendations where and how the use of CRMs should be described.     

Carbonylations of Alkenes with CO Surrogates

Alkene carbonylation reactions are important for the production of value‐added bulk and fine chemicals. Nowadays, all industrial carbonylation processes make use of highly toxic and flammable carbon monoxide. In fact, these properties impede the wider use of carbonylation reactions in industry and academia. Hence, performing carbonylations without the use of CO is highly desired and will contribute to the further advancement of sustainable chemistry. Although the use of carbon monoxide surrogates in alkene carbonylation reactions has been reported intermittently in the last 30 years, only recently has this area attracted significant interest. This Minireview summarizes carbonylation reactions of alkenes using different carbon monoxide surrogates.     

Capillary electrochromatography-laser-induced fluorescence method for separation and detection of dansylated dialkylamine tags in encoded combinatorial libraries

LC-fluorescence and LC-MS methods have been previously reported for use in decoding bead-based combinatorial libraries. We present the use of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for highly selective decoding in combination with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for high sensitivity. The results are compared to prior data obtained using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The use of CEC shows promise for miniaturization and multiplexing for future applications, and the use of LIF detection can allow for detection at sub-pmol amounts.