层状半空间中导波的传播

研究了在弹性层状半空间中传播的导波的频散及激发机制,分别在含有两层和三层介质情况下,详细分析了对称点源激发的所有可能存在的导波模式的传播特性以及它们与介质参数的相互关系,研究了表面波和能陷波的激发与传播机理。对于速度递增的介质,可存在多个模式,但对于速度递减的介质模型,至多只存在一个导波模式。在含有低速夹层情况下,存在沿低速层传播的能陷模式。能陷波和表面波的传播特性不仅与介质参数有关,而且还与声源频率有关。     

Scalar Green’s function for penetrable or dielectric scatterers

In a series of former papers, we developed the so-called self-consistent Green’s function formalism (SGFF) for acoustic and light scattering on impenetrable or ideal metallic scatterers. With the paper at hand we will extend the application of this formalism to penetrable or dielectric scatterers. The concept of the Green’s function of the third kind is utilized which was introduced first by Tai. It must be slightly generalized to allow the treatment of nonspherical scatterers. The following considerations reveal the conceptual equivalence between the Green’s function of the third kind and Waterman’s T-matrix method. It is another goal of this paper to demonstrate that the conventional boundary and volume integral equations can be also derived within the developed Green’s function formalism.     

Propagation constants of guided waves in surface plasmon polariton gap waveguides excited through an I-shaped aperture

The guided waves in the surface plasmon polariton gap waveguide (SPGW) excited by the Gaussian beam through the I-shaped aperture have been investigated by the three-dimensional simulations using a volume integral equation. Optical fields excited in the SPGW are investigated under practical conditions. The complex propagation constants are calculated from the simulated optical fields using the least-squares fitting. The dependence of the propagation constant, i.e., attenuation and phase constants, on the gap-width and on the gap-depth of SPGW is investigated. To cite this article: K. Tanaka et al., C. R. Physique 9 (2008).     

Propagation of guided elastic waves in 2D phononic crystals

The phononic band structure of two-dimensional phononic guides is numerically studied. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the dispersion relations of guided elastic waves in these periodic media, including 2D phononic plates and thin layered periodic arrangements. We show that, for any guided elastic wave, Lamb or generalised Lamb modes, stop bands appear in the dispersion curves, displaying a phononic band structure in both cases.     

Propagation phenomena of wideband guided waves in a bended pipe

Ultrasonic guided waves in pipes have been anticipated as a rapid screening technique for pipe inspection because of their long-range propagation due to low energy leakage. In this paper, the propagation phenomena of guided waves in a bended pipe were investigated using a wideband laser ultrasonic system. The laser ultrasonic system, together with wavelet transformation, is a powerful tool for observing the dispersive phenomena intrinsic to guided waves. Bended stainless steel (SUS304) pipes with 6-mm outer diameter and 1-mm wall thickness were used in the experiments. The bending angles of the pipes were set to 0 degrees (straight pipe), 10 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees. The radius of the bend was 12.5 mm in all the pipes. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was employed to generate the guided waves. The generated guided waves were detected with a heterodyne interferometer. The obtained time-domain signals and their wavelet coefficients indicated the following two conclusions: (1) The amplitude of the F(1,1) mode converted from the L(0,1) mode increased with the increase of the bending angle. (2) Mode conversions from the L(0,1) to F(1,1) modes and vice versa were clearly observed in the low-frequency range up to around 200 kHz.     

Propagation of waves through piezo-electric α-quartz crystals

Propagation of waves in piezo-electric -quartz crystals has been studied. The slowness surfaces and the wave surfaces have been derived. The wave surface has been found to contain cuspidal points which give directions of energy concentration.I take this opportunity to thank Dr. S. Das Gupta, for suggesting the investigation and for guiding me at various stages of the work.     

Propagation of electromagnetic dipole waves through dielectric interfaces

The problem of divergent electromagnetic dipole waves propagating through parallel dielectric interfaces is solved. The solution is obtained in an analytic form that can be readily evaluated numerically. The result is obtained as a solution to a boundary-value problem. Applications of the solution are described.     

Propagation of electromagnetic waves through very thin non-Hermitian slabs

A theoretical model is proposed to study the propagation of monochromatic electromagnetic plane waves through very thin slabs having gain or loss. The analysis is based on solving the differential equations directly and applying the appropriate boundary conditions. The optical response of the slabs is considered in the linear and nonlinear regimes with a Kerr-type nonlinearity. A number of relations between the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function are derived in order that useful effects related to the non-Hermiticity of the system be presented. The transmission of plane waves through a system consisting of two thin slabs satisfying the condition of Parity-Time symmetry is also considered.     

Propagation properties of guided surface polaritons — a new class of electromagnetic waves

The propagation properties and field structures of a new class of electromagnetic surface excitations, the so-called guided surface polaritons, are investigated. These waves exhibit features of both film-guided modes and surface polaritons. The conditions of their existence dependent on the optical constants are discussed. The three-dimensional waveguide problem is treated by a rigorous mathematical formalism.     

Determination of structure of weak scatterers from holographic images

For a weak scatterer a three dimensional Fourier transform of the image formed by a generalized hologram is shown to yield directly the Fourier transform of the scattering potential evaluated on the Ewald sphere. The entire scattering potential can be approximately determined if the object is illuminated from all directions in a series of experiments and if the scattering potential is essentially bandlimited to within a sphere of radius 4π/λ.     

Formation of detonation waves in channels and interaction of the waves with penetrable screens

Two-dimensional channel flows with shock waves resulting from the detonation of a combustible gas mixture are considered. Conditions for detonation and the parameters of the shock waves are determined. The feasibility of reducing the shock wave intensity and loads on the structure by mounting a set of mesh screens in the channel is investigated. The numerical computation of detonation initiation in an air-hydrogen mixture and subsequent passage of shock waves through the mesh screens is carried out. Basic quantitative characteristics of shock wave reduction depending on the mesh screen penetrability and mutual arrangement of variously penetrable screens are obtained.     

Propagation characteristics of guided waves in a rod surrounded by an infinite solid medium

The dispersion and excitation characteristics of the guided waves in a rod surrounded by an infinite solid medium (cladding) are investigated. First, the bisection technique is employed to find all the roots of the dispersion function on the basis of theoretical analysis and to obtain the complex phase and group velocity dispersion curves of the guided modes. Second, according to their different dispersion characteristics, the guided modes are divided into two categories: normal modes and Stoneley modes. And it is concluded that the normal modes merely exist in the “hard cladding” model in which the cladding’s shear velocity is larger than the rod’s; while the Stoneley modes in cylindrical interface are highly dispersive and merely exist in the model whose acoustical parameters satisfied the existence condition of the Stoneley waves. Third, the seldom discussed issue, the excitation mechanisms of the guided waves, excited by three source models: symmetric point source, axial and radial force sources, are simulated respectively. Attention is paid on the dominant mode which has better excitation sensitivity and the suitable excitation frequency range. Moreover, the propagation characteristics of the Stoneley modes, ignored in previous references, are analyzed and compared with those of the normal modes.     

Propagation of plane waves through the interface between media with dislocations

The laws of propagation of plane waves in homogeneous media with dislocations in the presence of an interface are considered using the equations of the defect field theory. The reflection coefficients and the refractive indices of displacement waves and the waves of a defect field, which is characterized by a dislocation density tensor and a dislocation flux density tensor, are determined. The dependences of these quantities on the parameters of the adjacent media are analyzed.     

物质波在原子波导中传输时的波导衔接激发

物质波在原子波导中的传播特性是原子光学的重要研究课题之一.在原子光学集成化的设计中，将会遇到物质波从一段波导向另一段不同波导内的传输问题.由于不同波导的物理参数在衔接处的跳变，原子波的传输特性将在波导衔接处产生改变.研究了原子波在两段波导管衔接处的模式激发以及与此相关的物理现象.根据薛定谔方程，利用波导本征模式展开理论，分析了物质波的反射和激发与波导管特征参数以及物质波入射动量之间的关系，并给出了抑制处于基态模的物质波向高阶模式激发的条件. 关键词： 原子光学 原子波导 激发 模式截止     

孔隙介质包裹的充液管道结构中导波传播特性

研究孔隙介质包裹的充液管道中纵向导波传播特性,分析孔隙介质参数对频散曲线的影响。建立了孔隙介质包裹充液管道的结构模型,利用孔隙介质弹性波动理论,建立对应的频散方程,数值模拟计算得到该模型的频散曲线和时域波形,并分析了孔隙介质参数以及管壁厚度对频散曲线的影响。结果表明孔隙介质的渗透率对于导波频散的影响较小,孔隙度的改变对时域波形的位移幅度影响较大。同时,导波存在衰减,且衰减随孔隙度增大而增大。所得结论为埋地管道无损检测方面提供一定理论参考。     

Study on energy attenuation of ultrasonic guided waves going through girth welds

Ultrasonic guided wave is introduced as a new non-destructive long range pipe inspection method. It can be used to inspect pipe which is inaccessible to other conventional NDT methods, and rapid, long distance inspection can be achieved. An investigation of the guided ultrasonic waves traveling along pipe with special geometry characteristics, such as elbow, several girth welds, and some artificial defects is described. In this paper, factors that may cause attenuation of ultrasonic guided waves are discussed and energy attenuation of longitudinal and torsional guided waves is studied on an experimental pipe having seven girth welds. Good agreement has been obtained between the experiments and the predictions. In the end, the detection sensitivity and locating precision of two guided waves, namely longitudinal and torsional, were compared on defects, such as notch, burr and branch.     

Propagation characteristics of guided waves in a liquid filled pipe embedded in a porous medium

A model of a liquid-filled pipe embedded in a porous medium is built to research its wave propagation characteristics,and to analyze the effect of the parameters of porous media on the dispersion.The dispersion equations are established on the basis of the elastic-dynamic theory of the liquid-saturated porous solid.The characteristic of dispersion and the time domain waveform in pipes of different thicknesses and with different porous-medium parameters are discussed theoretically and numerically...     

Propagation of sound waves through a spatially homogeneous but smoothly time-dependent medium

The propagation of sound through a spatially homogeneous but non-stationary medium is investigated within the framework of fluid dynamics. For a non-vortical fluid, especially, a generalized wave equation is derived for the (scalar) potential of the fluid velocity distribution in dependence of the equilibrium mass density of the fluid and the sound wave velocity. A solution of this equation for a finite   transition period τ$\tau$ is determined in terms of the hypergeometric function for a phenomenologically realistic, sigmoidal change of the mass density and sound wave velocity. Using this solution, it is shown that the energy flux of the sound wave is not conserved but increases always   for the propagation through a non-stationary medium, independent of whether the equilibrium mass density is increased or decreased. It is found, moreover, that this amplification of the transmitted wave arises from an energy exchange with the medium and that its flux is equal to the (total) flux of the incident and the reflected wave. An interpretation of the reflected wave as a propagation of sound backward in time is given in close analogy to Feynman and Stueckelberg for the propagation of anti-particles. The reflection and transmission coefficients of sound propagating through a non-stationary medium is analyzed in more detail for hypersonic waves with transition periods τ$\tau$ between 15 and 200 ps as well as the transformation of infrasound waves in non-stationary oceans.     

Propagation of guided electron plasma waves on a planar plasma slab in the presence of dissipative processes

The propagation of guided electron plasma waves on a planar plasma slab in the presence of dissipative processes has been investigated theoretically. It is shown that the presence of plasma or dielectric loss, limits the propagation coefficient β of these waves.