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1.
物理教学中,怎样把物理概念、规律传授给学生,并通过生动、活泼的课内外教学使学生领略物理世界的奇景异致,激起学习物理学的兴趣,是物理教师反复思考的问题.以往的教学手段主要是老师通过演示实验、模型,配合简单的作图进行讲授.近年来随着计算机技术的飞速发展,教师利用多媒体信息显示的多样性、过程的交互性、信息的存储性、网络化、智能化等进行教学,取得更佳的教学效果. 相似文献
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多重表征——建构主义物理教学的新思路 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
编者按:本文引用了心理学界长期使用的"结构良好领域的知识和结构不良领域的知识"的知识分类观点,实际上就科学知识而言,心理学的那种分类和解释并不很恰当,可以"通过复制与同化而获取"的知识,不能说是结构良好的,只能说是简单的确定的,"概念比较复杂,理解一个概念要涉及灵活性和变化性"的知识是多元的,开放的知识,不应该冠以"不良结构"的帽子,这一点也许正是心理学与自然科学,中、西方文化存在的差异的反映;但是我们认为对上述概念作科学的理解后,本文关于物理教学所讨论的问题仍然是有价值的. 相似文献
3.
本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。 相似文献
4.
为了保证9-cell超导加速腔在场的平滑度、TM010的频率以及加速器的总长度达到TESLA国际标准,必须确保每个Dumb-Bell在以上各方面达到标准要求.由于冲压、机加工以及电子束焊接等过程会引起形变,因此,必须在完成iris和加强筋的电子束焊接之后对Dumb-Bells进行微波和机械测量,并根据测量的结果对其腔形和长度等作必要的调整.北京大学已经建立了一套完整的测量和调整Dumb-Bells的装置,本文深入研究了Dumb-Bells的测量与调整的方法. 相似文献
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造纸术的发明使人们可以方便的记录信息,同时也使我国数千年的历史和众多优秀的传统文化得到了较为完整的保存.随着社会的不断进步、科技的高速发展,尤其是计算机和网络技术日新月异的发展,各种信息以不可阻挡的力量涌入人们的生活,人们几乎每天都要处理和存储大量的信息,用纸张来记录信息已远不能满足人们的需求,这就需要一种更为有效的信息存储技术来存储信息,而光存储技术是信存储技术中最有效的方法.本文对光存储技术的原理、应用和发展前景做一简要介绍. 相似文献
7.
欧洲PAMELA合作组的科学家声称,PAMELA合作组所获得的测量数据对宇宙射线在宇宙中如何加速的理论提出了挑战.根据他们的说法,通过宇宙的质子和氦核的能谱不仅彼此不同,而且不符合宇宙射线理论中用于描述这些粒子的能谱(通量与能量之间的关系)的简单幂律.这种不一致可能意味着物理学家不得不寻找对宇宙射线加速的新的解释. 相似文献
8.
作为爱因斯坦狭义相对论基础的两个假设是:相对性原理和光速不变原理.相对性原理说的是不论对于一个固定不动的观测者,还是对于一个匀速运动的观测者,各种物理现象的规律应该是相同的 光速不变原理认为不论光源如何运动,光速总是恒定的.欲使这两个假设成立,时-空必须具有一定的对称性.将以上这些合并考虑便形成了与旋转及速度之变化有关的所谓Lorentz对称群(以下简称"L对称"):如果在你进行一项物理实验时,实验室上下倒置了或开始以不同的速度移动,但由于L对称,自然界的基本规律是不会改变的. 相似文献
9.
考虑高能粒子辐照二氧化硅玻璃形成E'色心的情况.建立了E'色心形成的动力学模型,得到了E'色心浓度与辐照剂量的关系式.结果表明,在高能粒子辐照情况下,E'色心的形成包括两个过程,即色心的创造过程和色心的激活过程.色心的创造过程主要由二氧化硅网格中疲劳键的断裂形成或网格中氧移位形成,E'色心浓度随剂量的变化呈线性增长.色心的激活过程主要由二氧化硅玻璃中固有点缺陷形成,E'色心浓度随剂量的变化呈饱和趋势.理论结果和实验结果符合很好,说明建立的模型是有效的. 相似文献
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An improved quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol is proposed in this paper.Blocks of entangled photon pairs are transmitted in two steps in which secret messages are transmitted directly.The single logical qubits and unitary operations under decoherence free subspaces are presented and the generalized Bell states are constructed which are immune to the collective noise.Two steps of qubit transmission are used in this protocol to guarantee the security of communication.The security of the protocol against various attacks are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Target tracking technology that is based on aerial videos is widely used in many fields; however, this technology has challenges, such as image jitter, target blur, high data dimensionality, and large changes in the target scale. In this paper, the research status of aerial video tracking and the characteristics, background complexity and tracking diversity of aerial video targets are summarized. Based on the findings, the key technologies that are related to tracking are elaborated according to the target type, number of targets and applicable scene system. The tracking algorithms are classified according to the type of target, and the target tracking algorithms that are based on deep learning are classified according to the network structure. Commonly used aerial photography datasets are described, and the accuracies of commonly used target tracking methods are evaluated in an aerial photography dataset, namely, UAV123, and a long-video dataset, namely, UAV20L. Potential problems are discussed, and possible future research directions and corresponding development trends in this field are analyzed and summarized. 相似文献
13.
亲水性材料固相萃取-紫外导数光谱法检测血中茚满二酮灯抗凝 … 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
本文报导了血中茚满二酮类抗凝血杀鼠剂敌鼠、氯敌鼠、杀鼠酮的亲水性材料固相萃取-紫外导数光谱检测法。血样用pH5缓冲液等体积稀释后加于西雷脱硅藻土柱上,柱用乙酸乙 酯洗脱,将洗脱液挥发干净,剩余物用pH10缓冲液溶解,测定所得溶液的二阶导数光谱进行定性和定量分析。三种杀鼠剂以10mg/L的量加于空白血中测得萃取率为85%以上,血中三种杀鼠剂的检出限低于2mg/L。萃取中亲水性硅藻土可用硅胶和氧化铝代替, 相似文献
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光学合成孔径系统的光束控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文给出真空中光学合成孔径系统光束控制的物理模型。计算机数值模拟结果与理论分析吻合。另外,对孔径的活塞型和倾斜型误差的影响也进行了探讨。 相似文献
16.
P. R. Gerber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1981,25(3):259-268
Computer calculations of the optical transmission of TN-LCDs as a function of the applied voltage are presented. In particular,
the wavelength and angular dependence of half transmission voltages and sharpness of transmission curves are examined. Furthermore
the lowest relaxation rates of the linearized dynamical equations, neglecting backflow effects are calculated. The dielectrical
anisotropy and the elastic parameters are varied systematically in the calculations over ranges that actually occur in nematics.
Although the results are too complex to be condensed in simple general statements they are helpfull in designing optimal nematic
mixtures for a given display application. 相似文献
17.
Signature splitting and shape coexistence at high spin in the neutron
deficient nucleus 129Nd are investigated with the
configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach. The calculated
bands are compared with the observed signature partner bands and very good
agreement results at high spin are obtained. The observed deformed bands are confirmed as normal and highly deformed and their properties are explained theoretically. Terminating states in 129Nd and other terminations are predicted. There is shape coexistence within the same configuration from low-spin states
to high-spin states. Possible normal and highly deformed bands with
rotation around the intermediate principal axis in several interesting
configurations of 129Nd are discussed. The experimental results for 131Nd are simply discussed and the calculated bands are in good
agreement with observed bands at high spin. Triaxial shapes in 127Nd with a triaxial deformation of
γ~-12º are predicted
and should be observed experimentally. The value of negative γ of
π(h11/2)4ν(h11/2)7 configuration increases with
neutron number increasing in
127,129,131Nd. The triaxial shape evolutions with neutron number increasing in 127,129,131Nd and in 126,128,130,132Pr are explained by the strong driving force of
specified single particle orbitals towards to triaxial shape. 相似文献
18.
(1)H-(14)N nuclear quadrupole double resonance using magnetic field cycling between high and low magnetic field and solid effect in the low magnetic field is analyzed in details. The transition probabilities per unit time for the solid-effect transitions are calculated. The double resonance spectra are calculated in the limiting cases of fast and slow nitrogen spin-lattice relaxation. The double resonance spectra are measured in histamine and quinolinic acid. The experimental spectra are analyzed and the (14)N NQR frequencies are determined. 相似文献
19.
The results of Monte Carlo simulations of xenon monolayers deposited on graphite are presented. Systems of various surface densities and in a wide range of temperatures are investigated. The results are compared to the experimental data and to the previous results for nitrogen. The results of simulations are in good agreement with the experimental ones and confirm that melting in two dimensions is vacancy-driven. Typical real-space configurations of Xe atoms and calculated specific heat results are shown. 相似文献
20.
Atefeh Ashouri Saeed Mahdavifar Grégoire Misguich Javad Vahedi 《Annalen der Physik》2020,532(8):1900515
There has been some substantial research about the connections between quantum chaos and quantum correlations in many-body systems. This paper discusses a specific aspect of correlations in chaotic spin models, through concurrence (CC) and quantum discord (QD). Numerical results obtained in the quantum chaos regime and in the integrable regime of spin-1/2 chains are compared. The CC and QD between nearest-neighbor pairs of spins are calculated for all energy eigenstates. The results show that, depending on whether the system is in a chaotic or integrable regime, the distribution of CC and QD are markedly different. On the other hand, in the integrable regime, states with the largest CC and QD are found in the middle of the spectrum, in the chaotic regime, the states with the strongest correlations are found at low and high energies at the edges of spectrum. Finite-size effects are analyzed, and some of the results are discussed in the light of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. 相似文献