基于局部约束群稀疏的红外图像超分辨率重建

针对红外图像分辨率低、视觉质量差等问题,提出基于局部约束群稀疏模型的红外图像超分辨率重建方法.考虑到红外图像的纹理自相似性和原子系数的群结构稀疏性,首先建立了基于局部约束的群稀疏表示模型.然后,在假定低分辨率图像空间和高分辨率图像空间具有相似流形的前提下,联合局部约束群稀疏表示模型和K-SVD(K奇异值分解)方法,训练得到高低分辨率图像对应的群结构字典对.最后,通过高分辨字典和对应的红外图像群稀疏表示系数重建得到高分辨率的红外图像.实验结果表明,本文方法具有更好的超分辨率效果,无论是在客观评价指标还是主观视觉效果方面都有明显的提高.     

超分辨率复原方法相关原理研究

介绍了超分辨率复原方法的概念和理论基础;重点总结了常用的超分辨率复原方法,并对相关的理论依据、优缺点和适用范围进行了详尽分析;对超分辨率复原方法的未来发展进行了展望.超分辨率复原方法分为频域法和空域法.频域复原法原理简单清楚,计算方便,但是所建立的运动模型都是平移模型,不具有一般性,同时难以利用正则化约束,因而导致难以使用图像的先验信息进行超分辨率复原.空域复原法可以很方便地建立复杂的运动模型,同时考虑了几乎所有的图像降质因素,例如噪声、降采样、由非零孔径时间造成的模糊、光学系统降质和运动模糊等,还可以加入更完善的先验知识,相比于频域复原法,空域超分辨率复原模型更符合实际的图像退化过程,是目前应用最广泛的一类超分辨率复原方法.     

Effect of fabrication errors on axial super-resolution property of a three-zone pupil filter

Two models have been established using the basic definitions of super-resolution characteristic parameters for normalized spot size G_A and Strehl ratio S_A, of a three-zone axial super-resolution pupil filter with fabrication errors, to quantitatively analyze the effect of these fabrication errors on the axial super-resolution property. These new models established to describe the analytic relationship of G_Ae and S_Ae of a pupil filter with its fabrication errors and its transmission function A(ρ), phase function φ(ρ) and structural parameters, directly relate the super-resolution parameters of a three-zone axial super-resolution pupil filter to its fabrication errors to make the quantitative analyses of the effect of fabrication errors easier, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the analysis, design and fabrication of a three-zone axial super-resolution pupil filter. The models established for G_Ae and S_Ae have been used to analyze the effect of the fabrication errors of a pupil filter on its super-resolution property, with a three-zone phase-only pupil filters as example.     

三维点云数据超分辨率技术

随着机器视觉技术的发展,如何准确、高效地对真实世界进行精确记录与建模已成为热点问题。由于硬件条件的限制,通常采集到的点云数据分辨率较低,无法满足实际应用需求,因此有必要对点云数据超分辨率技术进行研究。本文介绍三维点云数据超分辨率技术的意义、进展及评价方法,并对经典超分辨率算法和基于机器学习的超分辨率算法分别进行梳理,总结了目前方法的特点,指出了目前点云数据超分辨率技术中存在的主要问题及面临的挑战,最后展望了点云数据超分辨率技术的发展方向。     

基于半像素错位的多幅图像重建高分辨率图像技术研究

介绍了一种基于半像素错位的多幅图像重建高分辨率图像技术。分析了半像素错位的多幅图像与高分辨率图像各像素灰度值的对应关系 ,并从CCD数字化采样的角度进行了论证。同时 ,结合实际摄像机CCD结构 ,求出了高分辨率图像重建的计算公式 ,并通过实验进行了验证和完善。重建的本质是以原高分辨率图像的 4邻域平均图像为基础 ,增加一定比例的边缘细节信息 ,去接近原高分辨率图像。CCD的动态范围越大 ,图像的灰度级越多 ,那么计算误差就越小 ,图像的边缘细节信息就可以利用更多 ,重建的图像就越接近原高分辨率图像。通过实验和分析表明 ,利用半像素错位的多幅低分辨率图像重建高分辨率图像的原理是正确的 ,方案是可行的     

Si掺杂Ag基超分辨薄膜读出性能研究

超分辨薄膜是一种能够实现突破光学衍射极限的功能薄膜,它在超分辨近场光存储技术中起到至关重要的作用。采用磁控溅射共溅的方式制备了Ag掺杂一定量Si的超分辨复合薄膜,测试了其作为掩膜层的超分辨光盘读出性能,并获得了最佳的薄膜制备条件,即当Ag溅射功率为55 W,Si为95 W,溅射时间为80s,薄膜厚度为39nm时,超分辨光盘的读出信号载噪比(CNR)最高为28dB。用X射线光电子能谱测量了上述薄膜的组成,用扫描电子显微镜观察了薄膜微区形貌,并用椭圆偏振光谱仪测量了薄膜的光学常数和厚度。超分辨复合薄膜的读出机理可以用Ag的散射型机理解释。光盘在持续读出10万次以后读出信号基本没有下降。     

稀疏阈值的超分辨率图像重建

为了解决基于字典学习的超分辨重构算法耗时过长的问题,提出了基于稀疏阈值模型的图像超分辨率重建方法。首先,将联合字典理论与图像块稀疏阈值方法相结合,训练得到高、低分辨率过完备图像字典对。接着,通过稀疏阈值OMP算法对图像特征块进行稀疏表示。然后,通过高分辨率字典重构出初始的超分辨图像。最后,通过改进迭代反投影算法对初始的超分辨图像进行全局优化,从而进一步提高图像重构质量。实验结果表明,超分辨图像重构平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为30.1 d B,平均结构自相似度(SSIM)为0.937 9,平均计算时间为10.2 s。有效提高了超分辨重构的速度,改善了重构高分辨图像的质量。     

Near-field multiple super-resolution imaging from Mikaelian lens to generalized Maxwell's fish-eye lens

Super-resolution imaging is vital for optical applications, such as high capacity information transmission, real-time bio-molecular imaging, and nanolithography. In recent years, technologies and methods of super-resolution imaging have attracted much attention. Different kinds of novel lenses, from the superlens to the super-oscillatory lens, have been designed and fabricated to break through the diffraction limit. However, the effect of the super-resolution imaging in these lenses is not satisfactory due to intrinsic loss, aberration, large sidebands, and so on. Moreover, these lenses also cannot realize multiple super-resolution imaging. In this research, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism to Mikaelian lens (ML) for multiple super-resolution imaging. The effect is robust and valid for broadband frequencies. Based on conformal transformation optics as a bridge linking the solid immersion ML and generalized Maxwell's fish-eye lens (GMFEL), we also discovered the effect of multiple super-resolution imaging in the solid immersion GMFEL.     

Effect of fabrication errors on lateral super-resolution property of a three-zone pupil filter

Two models have been established using the basic definitions of super-resolution characteristic parameters for normalized spot size G_T and Strehl ratio S_T of a three-zone lateral super-resolution pupil filter with fabrication errors to quantitatively analyze the effect of these fabrication errors on the lateral super-resolution property. These new models established to describe the analytic relationship of G_Te and S_Te of a pupil filter with its fabrication errors and its transmission function A(ρ), phase function φ(ρ) and structural parameters directly relate the super-resolution parameters of a three-zone lateral super-resolution pupil filter to its fabrication errors to make the quantitative analyses of the effect of fabrication errors easier, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the analysis, design and fabrication of a three-zone lateral super-resolution pupil filter. The models established for G_Te and S_Te have been used to analyze the effect of the fabrication errors of a pupil filter on its super-resolution property with a three-zone phase-only pupil filter as an example.     

Low-Power Super-resolution Readout with Antimony Bismuth Alloy Film as Mask layer

Sb-Bi alloy flms are proposed as a new kind of super-resolution mask layer with low readout threshold power. Using the Sb-Bi alloy film as a mask layer and SiN as a protective layer in a read-only memory disc, the superresolution pits with diameters of 380 nm are read out by a dynamic setup, the laser wavelength is 780 nm and the numerical aperture of pickup lens is 0.45. The effects of the Sb-Bi thin film thickness, laser readout power and disc rotating velocity on the readout signal are investigated. The results show that the threshold laser power of super-resolution readout of the Sb-Bi mask layer is about 0.5 m W, and the corresponding carrier-to-noise ratio is about 20 dB at the film thickness of 50nm. The super-resolution mechanism of the Sb-Bi alloy mask layer is discussed based on its temperature dependence of reflection.     

基于亚像素扫描的超分辨技术在高分辨X射线显微镜中的应用

在不改变现有硬件条件的情况下,开展超分辨扫描重建方法,可以在不增加系统成本的基础上提高高分辨X射线显微镜的成像性能.设计了基于亚像素扫描的超分辨扫描模式,按照设计的调制方式进行亚像素位移的移动,采集多幅具有互补信息的低分辨率图像;然后基于系统的点扩散函数,对高分辨率图像进行复原;最后结合POCS超分辨重建算法重建出高分辨图像.实验结果表明,10倍光耦探测器下的衬度噪声比提高了20%左右,空间分辨力提高了0.2μm(约15%),细节分辨能力超过探测器像素尺寸1.35μm的限制,可以看到在低分辨率图像中看不到的细节.实验说明用超分辨技术提高高分辨X射线显微镜的分辨率是有意义的.     

基于ZedBoard的超分辨率视频复原系统

为了实现超分辨率视频图像的实时复原,设计了以ZedBoard可编程片上系统为基础的超分辨率视频复原系统。系统包括基于V4L2(Video for Linux 2)的USB摄像头视频采集、基于小波变换的超分辨率复原算法处理和基于Qt的图形用户界面制作以及视频输出。采用双线性、双立方和小波变换算法分别对Lena图像进行复原处理,峰值信噪比PSNR值分别为29.516、29.843、31.368。实验结果表明,提出的基于小波的超分辨率复原算法优于传统的插值算法,基于ZedBoard的超分辨视频复原系统复原效果良好。     

时间反演电磁波超分辨率特性

时间反演电磁波在特定的远场环境下具有超分辨率特性.结合时间反演技术构建具有超分辨率特性的模型进行仿真,对结果分析后筛选出能够实现超分辨率特性的关键因素,可为实用的小型化、多天线无线通信系统的设计提供指导. 关键词： 时间反演电磁波 时间反演技术 超分辨率     

基于时间反演电磁波的微结构天线的单频点超分辨力聚焦研究

提出了在时间反演技术条件下单频的电磁波信号可以实现超分辨力聚焦这一思路,并基于信道理论推导了该思路的可行性;基于传统的同轴探针结构建立了间距为1/4波长的微结构模型,仿真结果证实了该模型结合时间反演技术在单频信号和宽带信号激励时均可以表现出超分辨力聚焦特性,理论分析和仿真结果为单频以及多频带天线的超分辨力聚焦特性的研究提供了重要的指导作用。     

Spot Shape on Super-Resolution Optical Disks with a Photon-Mode Mask Layer

The spot shape on super-resolution optical disks with a photon-mode mask layer was theoretically analyzed. The spot shape was found to depend on the lifetime of the bleached state of the dyes, the light power, and the disk rotation speed. When the lifetime is short, the super-resolution spot shape is not produced at high disk speeds. On the other hand, a dye mask layer with long lifetime, such as a photochromic mask, can produce a sharp spot shape in the higher disk speed region, and therefore is suitable for obtaining a super-resolution disk with a high data transfer rate.     

Time-reversal and super-resolving phase measurements

We demonstrate phase super-resolution in the absence of entangled states. The key insight is to use the inherent time-reversal symmetry of quantum mechanics: our theory shows that it is possible to measure, as opposed to prepare, entangled states. Our approach is robust, requiring only photons that exhibit classical interference: we experimentally demonstrate high-visibility phase super-resolution with three, four, and six photons using a standard laser and photon counters. Our six-photon experiment demonstrates the best phase super-resolution yet reported with high visibility and resolution.     

基于多层膜结构的亚波长光栅研究

利用表面等离子体共振效应理论及金属-介质复合膜的特殊纳米光学效应对平面多层膜超分辨光刻技术进行了研究. 在曝光光源为365 nm的情况下,实现周期230 nm,线宽100 nm的超分辨光刻成像. 讨论了均匀金属-介质多层膜的结构参数选择,并通过数值仿真得到有效的光强度和对比度, 然后用等离子体纳米光刻进行试验验证,通过最优化选择,最终得到了亚波长结构多层膜的大区域范围超分辨成像.     

一种新的超分辨记录点的读出技术

提出一种新的超分辨记录点的读出技术—超分辨反射膜技术，详细分析了其原理。用该技术，以Sb为超分辨反射膜，SiN为介电层，在激光波长为632．8nm和光学头的数值也径为0．40的读出光学系统中实现了直径为380nm的超分辨记录点的读出。同时研究了Sb薄膜厚度对读出信噪比的影响规律，发现最佳的Sb薄膜厚度为28～30nm，所得的信噪比为38～40dB。     

Theoretical Analysis of Photon-Mode Super-Resolution Optical Memory Using Saturable Absorption Dye

The possibility of a super-resolution optical memory using a saturable absorption dye mask layer is theoretically discussed. An equation which estimates the transmittance change of the mask layer has been derived. The numerical simulation shows that an efficient super-resolution is performed when the initial optical density of the mask layer is high.     

Infrared super-resolution imaging based on compressed sensing

The theoretical basis of traditional infrared super-resolution imaging method is Nyquist sampling theorem. The reconstruction premise is that the relative positions of the infrared objects in the low-resolution image sequences should keep fixed and the image restoration means is the inverse operation of ill-posed issues without fixed rules. The super-resolution reconstruction ability of the infrared image, algorithm’s application area and stability of reconstruction algorithm are limited. To this end, we proposed super-resolution reconstruction method based on compressed sensing in this paper. In the method, we selected Toeplitz matrix as the measurement matrix and realized it by phase mask method. We researched complementary matching pursuit algorithm and selected it as the recovery algorithm. In order to adapt to the moving target and decrease imaging time, we take use of area infrared focal plane array to acquire multiple measurements at one time. Theoretically, the method breaks though Nyquist sampling theorem and can greatly improve the spatial resolution of the infrared image. The last image contrast and experiment data indicate that our method is effective in improving resolution of infrared images and is superior than some traditional super-resolution imaging method. The compressed sensing super-resolution method is expected to have a wide application prospect.