Triterpene Glycosides from Kalopanax septemlobum. 1. Glycosides A, B, C, F, G1, G2, I2, H, and J from Leaves of Kalopanax septemlobum var. Maximowichii Introduced to Crimea

Eight known glycosides of hederagenin and the new triterpene glycoside 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester of hederagenin were isolated by chromatographic methods from leaves of Kalopanax septemlobum var. maximowichii introduced to Crimea. The known 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester of hederagenin was observed for the first time in Kalopanax septemlobum.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 156–159, March–April, 2005.     

Determination of Enalapril by Stripping Voltammetry at a Mercury Film Electrode

A procedure was developed for determining 4.0 × 10^–6 to 2.6 × 10^–3 M enalapril in model solutions and blood serum by anodic stripping voltammetry at a mercury film electrode.__________Translated from Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2005, pp. 495–498.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Gusakova, Ivanovskaya.     

Triterpene Glycosides from Kalopanax septemlobum. III. Glycosides D2, I1, and K1 from Leaves of Kalopanax septemlobum var. maximowiczii Introduced in Crimea

The new caffeylated triterpene glycosides hederagenin 3-O-(6-O-caffeyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-L-arabinopyranoside and its 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl and 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl esters were isolated from leaves of Kalopanax septemlobum var. maximowiczii introduced in Crimea. The structures of these compounds were established using chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 263–267, May–June, 2005.     

Effect of Copper on Solid Electrolytes (Ce0.8Sm0.2)1 ? xCuxO2 ? δ and Composite Cathodes Based on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3

The phase composition and electroconduction in air of solid electrolytes (Ce_0.8Sm_0.2)_{1 − x} Cu_xO_{2 − δ} (CSCu), where x = 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mol % and which are synthesized using the ceramic technology, are studied. Adding an additive of CuO lowers the CSCu sintering temperature by 100– 200°C and leads to the formation of single-phase solid solutions of a fluorite type up to x = 10 mol %. The electroconductivity of the CSCu electrolytes remains practically invariant upon adding up to 5 mol % Cu and equals 0.089–0.095 and 0.017–0.021 S cm⁻¹ at 800 and 600°C. The sintering, adhesion, and electroconductance of composite cathodes based on La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ with 40% CSCu and their electrochemical behavior in air in the temperature interval 900–1000°C on carrying electrolyte Zr^0.9Y_0.1O_1.95 with a CSCu sublayer containing 2 mol % Cu are studied.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 656–661.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Bogdanovich, Gorelov, Balakireva, Dem’yanenko.     

Mass transfer in shell-core inorganic TIP1 ion exchanger

The ion exchange processes of (OAc^–) and (OAc^–) proceeding in shell-core inorganic ion exchanger Ti (HPO₄)₂·1/2H₂O has been studied and the diffusion equation whose boundary conditions are satisfied by a shell-core model was solved. Based on the equation solved and experimental data, the diffusion coefficients corresponding to the exchange process (OAc^–) and Li⁺–H⁺ (OAc^–) at 17°C are found to be 7.7×10^–9 and 6.2×10^–8 cm² s^–1 and the activation energies 3.4×10⁴ and 5.0×10³ J mol^–1, respectively. Compared to the gel type of styrene-divinylbenzene strong acid exchanger with 20% cross linking, it can be concluded that the rate of or exchange is 3.5 times faster than that in the organic exchanger.TIP was obtained from the Salt Lake Institute of the Academy of Science of China.     

Reactions of superoxide anion radical with antioxidants and their use in voltammetry

Kinetic parameters were calculated for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen at a glassy-carbon electrode with the generation of superoxide radical anions in a 0.05 M solution of (C₂H₅)₄NI in dimethylformamide in the presence of fat-soluble antioxidants, retinol and -tocopherol. A procedure based on the protonation of the radical anion with antioxidant molecules is proposed for the voltammetric determination of antioxidants to determine milligram amounts of retinol and -tocopherol in model solutions (RSD = 1–2%). The calibration graphs for retinol and -tocopherol are linear in the concentration ranges 9.7 × 10^–5–2.3 × 10^–3 and 6.2 × 10^–4–3.1 × 10^–3 M, respectively. The detection limits for retinol and -tocopherol are 4.8 × 10^–5 and 4.1 × 10 ^–4 M, respectively. The procedure was applied to the determination of the active component (retinol and -tocopherol) in pharmaceuticals.Translated from Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, Vol. 60, No. 1, 2005, pp. 56–59.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ziyatdinova, Gilmetdinova, Budnikov.     

Effect of Fullerene C60 on Structuring of Toluene

Toluene solutions of fullerene C₆₀ with concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.2 wt % were studied by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis. The radii of gyration of scattering elements were determined from the small-angle diffraction patterns plotted in the Guinier coordinates.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1047–1049.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ginzburg, Tuichiev, Tabarov, Lavrent’ev, Melenevskaya, A. Pozdnyakov, O. Pozdnyakov, Shepelevskii, Shibaev.     

Corona-Poled Electrets Based on Vinyl Chloride/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer-Zinc White Composites

Electret properties of vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer and its composites with zinc oxide are studied.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 3, 2005, pp. 502–505.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Galikhanov, Deberdeev.     

Photocatalytic Synthesis of Composite CdSe/CdS Nanoparticles

We have shown that CdSe/CdS nanocomposites can be obtained in a photocatalytic reaction with participation of CdS nanoparticles from sodium selenosulfate. We have studied the kinetic characteristics of this process in detail and have shown that its most likely mechanism includes a step involving reaction between SeSO^3/2− anions and electrons generated in the conduction band of the CdS nanoparticles during irradiation and stabilized in traps on the semiconductor surface.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 171–175, May–June, 2005.     

Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Copolymers of Acrylamide with Sodium Acrylate in Aqueous Solutions

The kinetics of thermal degradation of commercial samples of copolymers of acrylamide with sodium acrylate of various molecular characteristics in water and 1.5% NaCl aqueous solutions at 40–80°C was studied viscometrically.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1016–1020.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by V. Kurenkov, Trofimov, A. Kurenkov, Khartan, Lobanov.     

Ionic Mobility, Phase Transitions, and Superionic Conduction in Solid Solutions (100 ? x)PbF2-xZrF4 and Crystals K2ZrF6, (NH4)2ZrF6, KSnZrF7, and M(NH4)6Zr4F23 (M = Li, Na)

Methods of (¹⁹F, ¹H) NMR and impedance spectroscopy are used to investigate the internal mobility and ionic conduction in solid solutions arising in the system PbF₂-ZrF₄ and polycrystals KSnZrF₇, Li(Na)(NH₄)₆Zr₄F₂₃, and M₂ZrF₆ (M = K, NH₄). Factors responsible for the form of ionic motions and their energetics at 170–550 K are considered. It is established that the phase transitions in these compounds are connected with the crystal transition to a superionic state and that the high ionic (superionic) conductivity of beta phases is due to the diffusion of fluoride ions, ammonium cations, and possibly alkali metal cations. The obtained data testify to a substantial role of chainlike aggregation of anionic groupings and a variableness of structural mechanisms of formation of such chains in fluorozirconates for the development of translational diffusion in these compounds.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 573–582.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kavun, Uvarov, Slobodyuk, Goncharuk, Kotenkov, Tkachenko, Gerasimenko, Sergienko.     

High-Temperature Synthesis of Thiophene from Bis(2-chloroethyl) Sulfide

Gas-phase reaction of bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (Yperite) with acetylene at 550–700°C leads to formation of thiophene in 45% yield, the conversion of the initial sulfide being complete. The yield of thiophene reaches 63–68% in the thermolysis of a mixture of acetylene, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, and lower organic disulfides.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 910–912.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Voronkov, Levanova, Sukhomazova, Russavskaya, Deryagina, Korchevin.     

Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one and 2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol Derivatives from Chrysenequinonecarboxylic Acid

Diterpenoid 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one and 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol derivatives were synthesized by reaction of methyl chrysenequinonecarboxylate with thiourea.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 849–852.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tret’yakova, Flekhter, Galin, Shul’ts, Tolstikov.     

Triterpene Glycosides from Cussonia paniculata. I. Isolation and Structure Determination of Glycosides A, B1, B2, C, D, G2, H1, and H2 from Leaves of Cussonia paniculata

The 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of β-sitosterol (1) and the known triterpene glycosides 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosides of oleanolic (2a) and ursolic (2b) acids and hederagenin (3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosideofoleanolic acid (4), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosides of oleanolic (5a) and ursolic (5b) acids and the newglycoside 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 23-hydroxyursolic acid (6) were isolated from leaves of Cussonia paniculata (Araliaceae). Their structures were established using chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 160–163, March–April, 2005.     

An evaluation of rate constants for radiation induced decomposition of alkali metal nitrates

Radiation induced decomposition of solid alkali metal nitrates at room temperature has been studied up to an absorbed dose of 300 kGy. [NO ₂ ^– ] increases with absorbed dose. From the kinetic scheme and , rate constants have been evaluated for the overall radiolytic decomposition of alkali metal nitrates. This kinetic scheme is applicable in the low dose range. At higher doses, however, the radiation induced reaction, NO ₂ ^– +1/2 O₂NO ₃ ^– may also contribute. The overall rate constants are 0.13×10^–6 (LiNO₃), 1.05×10^–6 (NaNO₃), 10.10×10^–6 (KNO₃), 9.50×10^–6 (RbNO₃) and 25.50×10^–6 (CsNO₃) kGy^–1.     

Fused polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycles 13. Synthesis of 6-phenyl-2-phenylimino-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine-5-carboxylic acid and its intermolecular cyclodehydration accompanied by sulfur extrusion to form dipyrazolo[1,5-a,1′,5′d]pyrazine

Condensation of methyl phenylchloropyruvate with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide proceeds as the Bose reaction to form 5-methoxycarbonyl-6-phenyl-2-phenylimino-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine, which is hydrolyzed to give carboxylic acid. In the presence of polyphosphoric acid, the latter undergoes intermolecular cyclodehydration accompanied by sulfur extrusion to yield dipyrazolo [1,5-a,1′,5′d]pyrazine.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 432–435, February, 2005.     

Thermal Transformations of Titanium Oxochloride Nanostructures on Silica Surface

The nature of thermal transformations of titanium oxochloride surface groups on dispersed silica in the temperature range 25–600°C, both in the course of TiCl₄ chemisorption and in subsequent thermal treatments, is considered.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 881–886.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Malkov, Sosnov, Malygin.     

Coloration of Spirooxazine in Various Organic Matrices under Plastic Flow at High Pressure

The behavior of 1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-2H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine under plastic deformation was studied on high-pressure Bridgman anvil-type apparatus at 0.5–4 GPa and room temperature.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 977–983.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zhorin, Zelenetskii, Kiselev, Marevtsev, Shienok.     

Electrochemical behaviour of tetravalent thorium in molten /Li-K/Cl eutectic

The electrochemical reduction of Th/IV/ in the /Li–K/Cl eutectic between 400 and 500 °C proceeds according to a four electron process without any intermediate step. The reduction is quasi-reversible and the diffusion coefficient deduced from the peak current of the voltammetric reduction equals 2.7×10^–6 cm² sec^–1 at 400°C.     

Macroheterocyclic Compounds with p-Diamines of the Diaryl Series

The reactions of indane-1,3-dione with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether were used to synthesize symmetrical macroheterocyclic compounds.__________Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 75, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1017–1021.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Berezina, Vorob’ev, Vorob’eva, Sadova.