以高锰酸钾引发苯乙烯—丙烯睛与纤维素的接枝共聚

本文研究了以高锰酸钾为引发剂、苯乙烯—丙烯腈为共聚单体的纤维素接枝共聚反应。实验表明在水作为反应介质的情况下,接聚反应可以顺利进行。讨论了影响接聚反应的一些参变数和接枝规律性,接聚纤维的红外光谱和元素分析说明接枝共聚反应不是完全按电荷转移络合物的形式聚合的,在接枝共聚物中,苯乙烯与丙烯腈的摩尔比随着接枝量的增加而上升,但苯乙烯链段的嵌段性较小。用扫描电镜及X-射线衍射观察和分析了接枝纤维,结果表明接聚反应主要在纤维的无定形区进行,形成的支链大分子间有一定的规整性。用DSC测试了接枝纤维的热性能,扫描结果有一个接枝共聚物的环化放热峰和两个分解吸热峰。此外,试验了接枝纤维的耐湿磨性、吸湿性、染色性和力学性能。     

聚偏氟乙烯溶液法接枝苯乙烯磺酸膜的结构与形貌研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂，通过溶液接枝聚合法把苯乙烯接枝到碱处理过的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上，磺化后得到聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯磺酸(PVDF-g-PSSA)电解质膜。研究发现碱处理过的PVDF膜更容易与苯乙烯发生接枝聚合反应，且接枝率与碱处理时间呈线性变化关系。用红外光谱、差示扫描量热法检测PVDF膜经过接枝以及随后的磺化所发生的膜结构变化，并用SEM观察PVDF膜接枝前后以及接枝磺化后产物PVDF-g-PSSA膜的形貌及硫分布。研究表明，用KOH碱处理过的PVDF膜与苯乙烯进行接枝共聚反应时，PVDF膜结构在接枝前后和磺化前后发生变化，说明苯乙烯确实接枝到PVDF膜上。     

PAm-g-PMAA亲水性聚合物微球的合成

利用链转移自由基聚合和端基置换反应法 ,合成了苯乙烯基单封端的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯 (PBMA)大分子单体 .在N ,N′ 亚甲基二丙烯酰胺 (Bis A)存在的条件下 ,使PBMA大分子单体与亲水性单体丙烯酰胺(Am)在乙醇 水的混合介质中进行分散共聚反应 ,得到了表面为PBMA接枝的聚丙烯酰胺 (PAm g PBMA)聚合物微球 .将所得PAm g PBMA微球在酸性条件下水解 ,得到了整体亲水的聚甲基丙烯酸接枝的聚丙烯酰胺(PAm g PMAA)聚合物微球 .用激光光散射、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪等对聚合物微球的直径、形态及表面组成进行了表征 .研究结果表明 ,在共聚反应中PBMA大分子单体的分子量与浓度、Bis A浓度和介质的组成对微球的形成与颗粒直径的大小有明显影响 ;所形成的聚合物颗粒是以PBMA为壳、以交联PAm为核的核壳结构微球 .     

苯乙烯在顺1,4-聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚反应动力学的Monte Carlo模拟

用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟方法对苯乙烯在顺１，４－聚丁二烯上的接枝反应动力学进行了研究。模拟结果表明，对于不同的橡胶浓度，接枝的和均聚的聚苯乙烯的数均聚合度、接枝效率与苯乙烯在顺１，４－聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚反应的动力学的解析解十分吻合，证明本方法能够有效地应用于自由基型接枝共聚合反应体系。     

苯乙烯在顺1,4—聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚反应动力学的Monte Ca …

用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ模拟方法对苯乙烯在顺１，４－聚丁二烯上的接枝反应动力学进行了研究。模拟结果表明，对于不同的橡胶浓度，接枝和均聚的聚苯乙烯的数均聚合度、接枝效率与苯乙烯在顺１，４－聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚反应的动力学的解析解十分吻合，证明本方法能够有效地应用于自由基型接枝共聚合反应体系。     

改性聚偏氟乙烯接枝共混聚苯乙烯磺酸膜的制备与性能

将苯乙烯添加到溶有原硅酸钠改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中, 以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂, 苯乙烯直接接枝到原硅酸钠改性的PVDF链上, 成膜后磺化制备了聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯(PVDF-g-PSSA)膜. 采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量扩散X射线(EDX)和多功能材料实验机表征了膜的结构、形貌及硫和硅的分布、机械强度、溶胀度, 使用阻抗分析和气相色谱仪研究了苯乙烯含量(w)对PVDF-g-PSSA膜的质子导电性能和阻醇性能的影响. 结果表明, 苯乙烯加入后, 原硅酸钠改性的PVDF与苯乙烯进行接枝共聚反应, 苯乙烯磺化反应不只是在膜表面进行, 同时渗入到膜中进行, 机械性能得到了改善. 质子电导率(σ)随苯乙烯质量分数的提高而升高. Na4SiO4为8%和苯乙烯为20%的PVDF-g-PSSA膜, 在25 ℃时溶胀度仅为20.4%, 甲醇透过系数在10-7 cm2·s-1数量级上, 比Nafion115膜的低一个数量级. 该膜具有较高的选择性, 在直接甲醇燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

SBS与甲基丙烯酸丁酯本体接枝反应的研究

本文研究了以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)既作溶剂又作为单体与苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)进行接枝共聚反应。用红外光谱、核磁共振谱及透射电镜表征了接枝共聚物(SBS-g-BMA)的组成及结构,讨论了时间、温度及SBS和BPO的用量对接枝的影响。     

纤维素-苯乙烯的高锰酸钾引发接枝共聚及共聚物结构与性能的研究

本文详细地研究了高锰酸钾法引发纤维素与苯乙烯接枝共聚反应的基本规律并选出了较佳反应条件,不仅可有效地使苯乙烯与纤维素接枝共聚,并能使均聚副反应抑制在极小范围内。ESCA,ESR,IR等方法研究了引发接枝共聚的反应机理并提出了关于锰离子在整个过程中可能的演变设想。     

新型茂钛催化剂合成聚乙烯-b-间规聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的研究Ⅰ.嵌段共聚合反应

以五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 [Cp Ti(OBz) 3]为主催化剂、改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)为助催化剂 ,进行乙烯与苯乙烯的嵌段共聚合反应 .讨论了乙烯预聚温度、预聚时间、主催化剂的浓度、Al(mMAO) Ti摩尔比、苯乙烯的浓度以及外加三异丁基铝 (TIBA)等条件对共聚反应的影响 .发现适宜的共聚反应条件为 ,预聚温度为40℃ ;主催化剂的浓度为 6 6 7× 10 - 4 mol L ;铝钛摩尔比为 2 0 0 .共聚反应的催化效率随预聚时间的延长而降低 ;嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯链节含量随苯乙烯的浓度的增加而增加 ;外加TIBA对嵌段共聚物的形成及催化效率的提高起关键性作用     

PVC与端噁唑啉聚环氧丙烷的热共混接枝

本文研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)与端-2-噁唑啉聚环氧丙烷(活性聚醚)在加工过程中的接枝反应,通过溶剂萃取、IR、DSC、GPC和SEM分析方法证实接枝反应的发生,并发现无催化剂存在时,在PVC加工温度下亦能较快的发生接枝共聚反应。     

Poly(styrene) coating of monodispersed colloidal metal oxides by grafting to hydrophilic macromer adsorbed on the surface

Poly(styrene) (PST) coatings of monodispersed colloidal metal oxide particles by surface grafting to poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (ST–PVP) or quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (ST-PVPy(Me)) macromer, having a vinylphenylene end group, were investigated. Radical polymerization of styrene (ST) in ethanolic silica colloid in the presence of ST-PVP successfully led to the formation of monodispersed PST/PVP copolymer/SiO₂composites. The addition of divinylbenzene (DVB) to the reaction system gave SiO₂ composites coated with crosslinked PST. Graft-polymerization of ST to ST-PVP also took place on TiO₂, CeO₂ and Al(OH)₃ colloidal particles in ethanolic solution. However, ST-PVPy(Me) adsorbed on colloidal silica did not effectively graft PST.     

Preparation of copolymer microspheres of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate

Preparation of copolymer microspheres of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2G) with several comonomers by radiation-induced radical polymerization is described. Ethyl methacrylate (EMA), acrylamide, maleic anhydride, and styrene gave microspheres successively. The copolymerization resulted in gelation more easily than the 2G homopolymerization. The allowed ratio of copolymerization is up to about 0.4 as the mole fraction of comonomer for the solution containing 10 vol % 2G monomer. Copolymerization affected the size of microspheres by keeping its narrow distribution. The size of microspheres was increased by the copolymerization with EMA and styrene and, was decreased with acrylamide. The formation of microsphere strongly depends on the crosslinking ability of monomers. The crosslinking ability and reactivity in the copolymerization cause the change of the size of the microspheres. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Charge mosaic membrane with a microstructure of poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine)

Well defined AB and BAB type poly[styrene(ST)-b-4-vinylpyridine(4VP)]s were prepared by anionic living polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at ?78°C. Casting AB and BAB type poly(ST-b-4VP)s with a composition of about 50 mol% PST from 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCE) produced specimens with lamellar microdomain structures. Quaternization of P4VP and sulfonation of PST domains (lamellar and spherical structures), accompanied by each domain fixing, were carried out under various reaction conditions. The piezodialysis of the prepared charge mosaic membrane with its lamellar microdomain structure was measured from a sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution. The results are discussed in some detail.     

Synthesis of core-shell polystyrene nanoparticles by surfactant free emulsion polymerization using macro-RAFT agent

Novel approach for the synthesis of core-shell polystyrene nanoparticles by living hydrophilic polymer consisting of thiocarbonyl thio end group is reported. The surfactant free emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of macro-RAFT (reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer) agent is carried out to synthesize stable latex particles with smaller particle size. A macro-RAFT agent is prepared by homopolymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) in aqueous phase by using dithioester as chain transfer agent. This synthesized polystyrene sulfonate-sodium (PSS-Na) based macro-RAFT agent, which is essentially water soluble macromolecular chain transfer agent used for the surfactant-free batch emulsion polymerization of styrene. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the synthesized colloids shows the narrow particle size distribution with core-shell morphology.     

Bimetallic catalysis for styrene homopolymerization and ethylene-styrene copolymerization. Exceptional comonomer selectivity and insertion regiochemistry

This communication reports the styrene homopolymerization behavior and ethylene-styrene copolymerization behavior of the covalently linked bimetallic constrained geometry catalyst (mu-CH2CH2-3,3'){(eta5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](TiMe2)}2 (Ti2), which is the first single-site catalyst that effects not only styrene homopolymerization with high activity, but also efficient ethylene-styrene copolymerization over a broad styrene composition range (0-76% at 20 degrees C, 1.0 atm ethylene pressure). In styrene homopolymerization, a 50x increase in polymerization activity is achieved with Ti2 vs the mononuclear analogue, Ti1, using an identical trityl borate cocatalyst and polymerization conditions. In ethylene + styrene copolymerization, Ti2 enchains approximately 20% more styrene than Ti1 under identical reaction conditions. 13C NMR spectroscopy indicates that greater than two consecutive styrene units are enchained in the copolymer backbone produced by Ti2 + Ph3C+B(C6F5)4-. End group analysis of the styrene homopolymer produced by Ti2 + Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- suggests that 1,2-regiochemistry is installed in approximately 50% of the initiation steps. This unusual microstructure is believed to be related to the bimetallic catalyst structure.     

Synthesis of SAN‐containing block copolymers using RAFT polymerization

Copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile was carried out via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer process (RAFT) in the presence of cumyl dithiobenzoate with AIBN as initiator. Copolymerization proceeded in a controlled/“living” fashion, and the copolymer composition depended on the feed ratio of monomer pairs. Block copolymers comprising styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) segments and various functional blocks were synthesized through chain extension using the first blocks as macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs). Since the polymerization of both blocks proceeded through the RAFT process, the resulting block copolymers exhibited relatively narrow molecular weight distribution, with polydispersity indices in the range of 1.29–1.46. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and ¹H NMR and FTIR measurements confirmed the successful synthesis of the functionalized block copolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2260–2269, 2006     

Synthesis of aromatic polythers by Scholl reaction. IV. Homopolymerization and copolymerization of α,ω-bis[4-(1-napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluoroalkanes

Polyether sulfones containing perfluoroalkyl segments were prepared by room temperature radical-cation polymerization (Scholl reaction) of 1,4-bis[4-(1-napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluorobutane ( 1a ) and 1,8-bis [4-(1-napthoxy) phenylsulfonyl] perfluoroctane ( 1b ) in nitrobenzene, using anhydrous ferric chloride as oxident. The homopolymerization of 1a and of 1b performed under various polymerization conditions, resulted in polymers with number average molecular weight (M?_n) up to 33,000 and 38,000 g/mol, respectively. Copolymerization of the fluorinated monomers 1a with 1b , and either 1a or 1b with 4,4′-bis(1-naphthoxy) diphenyl sulfone ( 4 ) and 1,5-bis (1-naphthoxy) pentane ( 5 ) produced copolymers of M?_n up to 18,100 g/mol. The reactivity of the various monomers was discussed on the basis of the induction and resonance stabilization effects.     

Polymerization and copolymerization of some epoxides by potassium tert-butoxide in DMSO

Copolymerization of tritiated PGE with analogs and with propylene oxide by potassium tert-butoxide in DMSO shows that this anionic polymerization is favored by electron-withdrawing groups. The homopolymerization of PGE and its p-chloro and p-methoxy analogs gives polymer with molecular weight limited by chain transfer. For PGE, where this limit is about 7000, some of the polymer is insoluble, crystalline isotactic material.     

Synthesis and morphology of BAB type poly(styrene-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) block copolymers

Well defined BAB-type poly[styrene(ST)-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline(MeOz)] was prepared by the cationic polymerization of α,ω-p-toluenesulfonic acid ester-terminated PST (PST-BTs) as an initiator. Alkaline hydrolysis of this block copolymer was carried out under various reaction conditions to obtain BAB-type poly[ST-b-ethylene imine(EI)]. Morphologies of these block copolymer specimens cast from several solvents were observed by electron microscope. The results are discussed in some detail.     

Living radical copolymerization of styrene/maleic anhydride

Styrene/maleic anhydride (MA) copolymerization was carried out using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). Styrene/MA copolymerization proceeded faster and yielded higher molecular weight products compared to styrene homopolymerization. When styrene/MA copolymerization was approximated to follow the first‐order kinetics, the apparent activation energy appeared to be lower than that corresponding to styrene homopolymerization. Molecular weight of products from isothermal copolymerization of styrene/MA increased linearly with the conversion. However products from the copolymerization at different temperatures had molecular weight deviating from the linear relationship indicating that the copolymerization did not follow the perfect living polymerization characteristics. During the copolymerization, MA was preferentially consumed by styrene/MA random copolymerization and then polymerization of practically pure styrene continued to produce copolymers with styrene‐co‐MA block and styrene‐rich block. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2239–2244, 2000