高效液相色谱法测定胭脂红酸的研究

研究了以反相C18柱,V(甲醇)∶V(乙腈)∶V(pH 2.8 H3PO4)=12∶8∶80混合溶液为流动相,对胭脂红酸进行高效液相色谱分析的方法。胭脂红酸在2.5~40μg/mL范围内的吸光度线性相关系数达0.9998,方法回收率在98.2%~101.1%,相对标准偏差为0.78%~1.2%,已用于样品中胭脂红酸的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定酒花浸膏中的异构化α-酸

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定酒花浸膏中4种异构化α-酸的方法。异α-酸、二氢异α-酸、四氢异α-酸和六氢异α-酸在色谱柱EC250/4 Nuclesoil,100-5 C18(4.0 mmi.d.×250 mm,5μm),保护柱CC 8/4Nuclesoil 100-5 C18,流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)∶V(85%H3PO4)∶V(0.2 mol/LEDTA二钠盐)=770∶210∶5∶1,等梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL/min,270 nm紫外检测,加标回收率在93.5%~97.0%之间,RSD<2%。该方法可测定酒花浸膏中异构化α-酸。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定磷酸西格列汀中基因毒性杂质米氏酸的含量

建立了一种液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定磷酸西格列汀中基因毒性杂质米氏酸含量的方法。采用Waters CORTECS^?C18色谱柱,以乙腈∶水(含0.03%氨水)=80∶20(V∶V)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量3μL;采用电喷雾离子源,选择反应监测、负离子扫描模式进行分析。结果表明米氏酸在0.6～36 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.19 ng/mL,定量限为0.6 ng/mL。对米氏酸进行3个浓度水平的加标回收实验,平均加标回收率为98.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%。     

高效液相色谱法测定诃子中诃黎勒酸和诃子酸

建立高效液相色谱法测定诃子中诃黎勒酸、诃子酸含量的方法,对《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版一部中诃子含量测定项进行补充。采用Dikma Platisil C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）为分析柱,柱温为35℃,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈-甲醇（体积比为78∶16∶6）作为流动相等度洗脱,流量为1 mL/min,进样体积为5μL,检测波长为280 nm。诃黎勒酸、诃子酸的质量分别在0.032 03～1.025μg、0.035 55～1.137μg范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 6、0.999 5,方法检出限分别为2.67、4.44 ng,定量限分别为8.00、11.85 ng。测定值的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%、1.8%(n=6),样品加标平均回收率分别为99.0%、99.2%。该方法可用于诃子药材的质量控制方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定大黄酸的含量

建立了测定大黄酸含量的高效液相色谱方法。分析柱为Waters symmetry C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰乙酸(70∶30∶2,体积比),流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长为254 nm,回收率为99.4%~100.2%,用于原料(掌叶大黄)和产品(大黄酸)的质量控制,同一天对大黄酸标准溶液连续测定和每隔1 h进样一次测定(n=6)的相对标准偏差为0.6%~0.8%。经测定原料(掌叶大黄)中大黄酸的质量分数为0.58%,产品中大黄酸的质量分数为73.1%~90.4%。     

木通中共有成分木通酸和木通皂苷Stc的检测

应用薄层色谱和高效液相色谱技术,对木通属3种基源木通(五叶木通、三叶木通和白木通)的不同产地、不同生长期共20个样品进行检测分析,从中发现了共有成分木通酸和木通皂苷Stc。建立一种测定共有成分的反相高效液相色谱方法。采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=65∶35为流动相,进样量20μL,流速1 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长203 nm,共有成分在50 min内得到较好分离,回收率符合含量测定要求。运用该方法对木通药材进行共有成分含量测定,结果显示,共有成分在20个样品中含量差别较大。经查阅文献表明,木通酸仅在木通科木通中存在,为木通的专属性成分。此研究结果可为中国药典木通质量标准修订提供参考。     

超声辅助HPLC法测定毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量

采用超声辅助提取,建立了毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为V(乙腈) V(甲醇) V(水) V(磷酸)=168 682 150 1.68,流量0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃。乌索酸进样量在0.92~16.56μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.2%(n=6);齐墩果酸在0.50~9.00μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 4),平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.5%(n=6)。该法操作简便、快速、准确,可用于毛泡桐中乌索酸和齐墩果酸含量的测定。     

HPLC法测定虎舌红药物中的去氢飞廉碱

建立了测定虎舌红药物中喹唑酮类生物碱的HPLC方法。色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm),流动相为V(0.2%三乙胺溶液)∶V(乙腈)=35∶65;检测波长:345 nm;流速:1.0 mL/min。结果表明,喹唑酮类生物碱可以得到有效的分离,去氢飞廉碱在0.02~0.15μg间呈线性关系(r=0.9995)。     

柱切换高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中布洛芬对映体浓度

建立了柱切换高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中布洛芬对映体浓度的方法。以对溴苯甲酸为内标,样品经醋酸钠缓冲液酸化后,用V(正己烷)∶V(异丙醇)=95∶5萃取。以Chiralcel OJ-H柱(Daicel Chemicals,250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分析柱,UltimateTM SiO柱(50mm×4.6mm,5μm)为预处理柱;流动相为V(正己烷)∶V(异丙醇)∶V(三氟醋酸)=96.5∶3.5∶0.1,流速为0.5mL/min;预处理流动相为V(正己烷)∶V(异丙醇)=99.5∶1,流速为1mL/min;柱切换时间为1.70~4.09min;紫外检测波长为230nm。布洛芬消旋体和S-( )-布洛芬标准曲线线性范围分别为0.21~20mg/L和0.10~10mg/L;日内RSD小于6.5%,日间RSD小于6.1%;方法回收率为93.3%~107.1%,萃取回收率为80.0%~86.6%。本法简便、准确,重现性好,可用于布洛芬对映体人体药代动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复方南板蓝根片中秦皮乙素和菊苣酸

建立高效液相色谱同时测定复方南板蓝根片中秦皮乙素和菊苣酸含量的方法。采用XBridge C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离，流动相为乙腈-0.3%磷酸溶液，梯度洗脱，流量为1 mL/min，检测波长为330 nm，柱温为40℃，进样体积为10μL，以色谱峰面积外标法定量。秦皮乙素和菊苣酸的质量浓度分别在18.40～184.02、4.96～49.61 g/mL范围内与色谱峰面积的线性关系良好，相关系数均为0.999 9。秦皮乙素、菊苣酸测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.72%、0.54%(n=6)，平均回收率分别为97.40%、98.45%。该方法操作简单，重复性好，准确度高。     

Quantitative determination of usnic acid in Usnea lichen and its products by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector

Usnic acid, a lichen substance, has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, including antibiotic, antimycotic, antifeedant, antitubercular, antitumor, and analgesic activities. Some products containing usnic acid are marketed as weight control supplements; however, hepatotoxicity and acute liver failures were reported as severe side effects. The usnic acid content present in the plant materials and market products was analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector at 233 nm. A Waters XTerra RP18 (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 microm particle size) column was the stationary phase; mobile phase was aqueous 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile gradient at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The temperature was held constant at 30 degrees C. The retention time of usnic acid was approximately 13.3 min. Acetone extraction of the samples took place with sonication. The precision of the method was confirmed by a standard deviation below 3.0% (n=3) and usnic acid recovery was 99.0%. Limit of detection was 0.4 microg/mL and the response was linear from 1.4 to 570.0 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9991. The content of usnic acid in 4 raw materials and 22 finished products was analyzed.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of usnic acid in plasma.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of usnic acid in human plasma using diclofenac sodium as internal standard is described. Plasma proteins were precipitated with methanol. A 250 mm x 4 mm I.D. Nucleosil. C18 (5 microns) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (70:30, v/v) was used. Chromatography was performed at ambient temperature with flow-rate of 1 ml min-1 and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Each analysis required no longer than 7 min. Quantification was achieved by measurement of the peak-height ratio and the absolute recovery varied from 93.8 to 97.3%. The limit of quantitation of usnic acid in plasma was 0.25 micrograms ml-1. The intra-day relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) ranged from 1.24 to 4.53% and the inter-day R.S.D. from 2.23 to 8.25% at three different concentrations. The method was applied to the determination of plasma levels of usnic acid after intravenous and oral administration to study its disposition in a healthy male rabbit.     

Reversed-polarity capillary zone electrophoretic analysis of usnic acid.

A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method for the determination of usnic acid is described for the first time. Usnic acid is an antibiotic substance from lichens. Due to its low solubility in water, a high content of methanol in CZE buffer is required. Because of the methanol in the buffer, the electroosmotic flow velocity was lower than the electrophoretic mobility of usnic acid. Accordingly, the use of reversed-polarity (with the anode on the detector side of the capillary) was necessary. The optimal buffer composition was 50 mM NaOH, 20 mM acetic acid and 5% water in methanol. The detection limit of UV detector at 290 nm for usnic acid in the injected extract was 3.5 mg/L and the relative standard deviation of the normalized peak area was 3.3% at 250 mg/L.     

Review of the biological properties and toxicity of usnic acid

Since its first isolation in 1844, usnic acid [2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furandione] has become the most extensively studied lichen metabolite and one of the few that are commercially available. Lichens belonging to usnic acid-containing genera have been used as crude drugs throughout the world. There are indications of usnic acid being a potentially interesting candidate for such activities as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, larvicidal and UV protection. However, some studies reported the liver toxicity and contact allergy. Thus, further studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of usnic acid     

Raman spectroscopic identification of usnic acid in hydrothermal minerals as a potential Martian analogue

Raman spectroscopy using 785 nm excitation was tested as a nondestructive method for determining the presence of the potential biomarker, usnic acid, in experimentally prepared mineral matrices. Investigated samples consisting of usnic acid mixed with powdered hydrothermal minerals, gypsum and calcite were studied. Various concentrations of usnic acid in the mineral matrix were studied to determine the detection limits of this biomarker. Usnic acid was mixed with gypsum (respectively, calcite) and covered by a UV-transparent crystal of gypsum (CaSO(4) x 2 H(2)O), thereby creating artificial inclusions similar to those which could be present in Martian minerals. A Raman usnic acid signal at the concentration level as low as 1 g kg(-1) was obtained in the powdered mineral matrix and 5 g kg(-1) when analyzed through the monocrystal. The number of registered usnic acid key Raman bands was dependent on the particular mineral matrix. If a similar concentration of usnic acid could persist in Martian samples, then Raman spectroscopy will be able to identify it. Obtained results will aid both in situ Raman analyses on Mars and on Earth.     

Simultaneous determination of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in common seafood using ultrasonic cell crusher extraction combined with gas chromatography

An effective method for the simultaneous determination of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in common seafood by gas chromatography was developed and validated. Total docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were extracted from seafood by ultrasonic cell crusher assisted extraction and methyl esterified for gas chromatography analysis in the presence of the internal standard. The linearity was good (r > 0.999) in 9.59 ∼ 479.5 μg/mL for docosahexaenoic acid and 9.56 ∼ 477.8 μg/mL for eicosapentaenoic acid. The intrarun and interrun precisions were both within 4.8 and 6.1% for the two analytes, while the accuracy was less than 5.8%. The developed method was applied for determination of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in six kinds of seafood. The result showed the content of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid was all higher than 1 mg/g in yellow croaker, hairtail, venerupis philippinarum, mussel, and oyster. Our work may be helpful for dietary optimization and production of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.     

胶束扫集毛细管电泳分离测定绿原酸和咖啡酸

采用胶束扫集毛细管电泳分离测定双黄连口服液中的绿原酸和咖啡酸.试验条件为:重力进样时间40 s;以20 mmol/L NaH_2PO_4,100 mmol/L 十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为电泳缓冲液(含体积分数15%甲醇,pH 2.20),分离电压-20 kV,检测波长214 nm,讨论了pH、SDS浓度、样品溶剂等对分离效果的影响.在优化条件下,绿原酸和咖啡酸的检出限分别达到1.02和0.168 μg/mL,线性范围分别为5.86～51.5 μg/mL和1.27～14.5 μg/mL.     

HPLC法同时测定白花蛇舌草中对香豆酸和熊果酸的含量

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定白花蛇舌草药材中对香豆酸和熊果酸含量的方法。采用Eclipse SB–C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇–0.05%甲酸梯度洗脱,流量1 m L/min,对香豆酸和熊果酸的检测波长分别为310 nm和210 nm,柱温30℃。对香豆酸和熊果酸含量分别在0.001 79~0.028 64 mg/m L和0.021 3~0.340 8 mg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r分别为0.999 8,0.999 6。对香豆酸和熊果酸的平均加标回收率分别为98.59%,98.23%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.81%,0.94%(n=6)。样品溶液在24 h内稳定。该方法适用于白花蛇舌草药材中对香豆酸和熊果酸的含量测定。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海水中软骨藻酸

软骨藻酸(domoic acid, DA)是一种由海洋硅藻产生的生物毒素,具有强烈的神经毒性,近海水环境中的DA严重威胁海洋渔业生物和人类健康,因此对近海水环境中的DA进行有效监测至关重要。该文基于固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(SPE-LC-MS/MS),建立了适用于海水中痕量、超痕量DA的检测方法。针对近海水生环境中DA浓度相对较高的情况下,采用在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测模式,可减少前处理过程,提高样品的分析效率。离线SPE结合在线SPE-LC-MS/MS可实现大洋和极地海水中含量更低的DA的检测。通过对在线固相萃取条件和液相色谱、质谱条件的优化,海水样品经过滤和酸化简单处理后直接进样0.6 mL进行在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测,DA在10.0~500.0 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(线性相关系数R²=0.9992),检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为4.0和10.0 ng/L,并且具有较好的方法回收率(≥81.0%)和精密度(RSD≤4.2%),表明方法可用于近海海水中痕量DA的检测。通过对离线固相萃取柱的选择和酸化条件的优化,80.0 mL海水样品经离线HLB固相萃取柱富集后,进行在线SPE-LC-MS/MS检测,DA在0.3~50.0 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(R²=0.9990),回收率(≥69.2%)和精密度(RSD≤4.4%)较好,LOD和LOQ分别为0.1和0.3 ng/L,说明方法的灵敏度较直接进样法大幅提升,实现了海水中超痕量DA的准确测定。这两种检测方法操作简单,样品用量小,灵敏度高,可满足近海养殖区及远岸海水中DA监测的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定烟火药剂中的没食子酸

建立了烟火药剂中没食子酸的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用ZorbaxEclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6×150 mm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%冰乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min;测定温度为25℃;采用紫外检测器检测,检测波长为274 nm。没食子酸的质量浓度在0.5~20μg/mL时与色谱峰面积之间线性关系良好(相关系数r=0.9999);对烟火药剂样品进行3个不同浓度水平的添加回收,回收率为90.8%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~6.4%。