翻转课堂模式在旋光度测定实验教学中的应用

以糖类物质旋光度的测定为例,探索了翻转教学在医学院校基础有机化学实验教学中的应用。包括设计任务书、制作教学视频及文档、查找相关文献、课堂活动、教学总结及反思等多个环节。实践表明,翻转课堂在实验教学中的应用,改善了课前预习流于形式的状况,培养了学生主动学习的能力,激发了医学专业学生对基础有机化学实验的学习兴趣。     

化学滴定法测定羟乙基β-环糊精的平均取代度

化学滴定法测定羟乙基β-环糊精的平均取代度     

稀土对氨基酸旋光度的影响

稀土在农林牧业和医学方面应用的不断扩大,导致稀土通过多种途径进入人体．为此,有必要了解稀土对生物体的近期和远期效应［１］．研究稀土与氨基酸的相互作用将为探索稀土在生物体内的代谢及其生物效应提供基础．近２０年来,稀土－氨基酸配合物的研究一直为人们所重视...     

从高考有机化学题谈中学与大学有机化学教学的结合点

结合讲授大学有机化学的经历和批阅高考试卷的感受,着重分析了中学与大学有机化学的差异,从中找出其教学的结合点。     

研究式有机化学实验教学与信息检索教学整合尝试

研究式实验教学与信息素质教育融合,把信息检索与专业课程捆绑在一起进行教学,为学生创设类似于科学研究的情景,让学生学会收集信息、并能分析、利用,使学生能够主动探索、发现和体验科研兴趣,从而增强学生的思考能力和创造能力,达到素质教育的目的。     

有机化学知识在高分子化学教学中的应用

<高分子化学>是研究聚合反应机理和聚合方法的一门科学,是高分子材料专业的一门重要专业基础课,它与前期所学课程<有机化学>课程有着非常紧密的联系.有机化学知识在高分子化学中的应用有利于调动学生的学习积极性,加深对教学难点的理解,以便提高教学质量,达到更好的教学效果.本文结合高分子化学和有机化学的课堂教学实践,就有机化学知识在辅助高分子化学教学过程中的应用提出了一些实例和自己的体会.     

醋酸酯淀粉高取代度的测定

淀粉的乙酰化改性是扩大其应用的一个重要手段。测定醋酸酯淀粉取代度 (DegreeofSubstitution ,简称DS)的方法通常有酸碱滴定法、紫外法、核磁共振法及衰减全反射法[1 ] 等 ,后 3种方法需建立标准曲线 ,要求有一系列取代度的样品 ,实验操作较困难。所以实验室更多采用酸碱滴定法。实验室多采用乙醇为溶剂进行醋酸酯淀粉高取代度的测定[1～3] 。这种方法的缺点是皂化时间需 48～ 72h ,并且高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的溶解性不理想。本文对酸碱滴定法测定醋酸酯淀粉高取代度溶剂选择进行了探讨 ,以期建立一种快速、准确地测定醋酸酯淀粉高取代度的…     

花旗参中铬含量的光度法测定

研究了Cr (Ⅵ )催化H2 O2 氧化溴甲酚红 (BR)的反应。在HAc NaAc介质中 ,以溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)为增敏剂 ,测定波长为 5 86nm ,Cr (Ⅵ )浓度在 0～ 0 0 8μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系。方法灵敏 ,选择性好 ,用于花旗参中铬含量的测定 ,结果满意     

中成药中铝含量的光度法测定

研究了二溴羟基苯基荧光酮与铝的显色体系。在Tween-80及F-存在下,铝与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮在碱性介质中形成1∶2的玫瑰红色四元配合物,最大吸收波长558 nm,摩尔吸光系数1.5×105L.mol-1.cm-1,铝含量在0~0.24μg/mL符合比尔定律。方法灵敏,选择性好,用于中成药中微量铝的测定取得满意结果。     

比旋光度测定方法的改进

旋光性是手性物质 (即光学活性物质 )所具有的特性。人们利用物质的这一特性来测定旋光性物质溶液的浓度和鉴定旋光性物质的纯度。例如 ,葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖氯化钠注射液中葡萄糖的含量测定 ;右旋糖酐 4 0葡萄糖注射液、右旋糖酐 70葡萄糖注射液中右旋糖酐含量的测定等就是利用旋光度进行测定的[1] ,既方便 ,又快速准确。但通常所使用的测定方法中[1,2 ] ,对于零点与终点的确定和旋光方向的判定不够准确 ,且易引起误判 ,从而导致错误的结果。本文从光学原理出发 ,对旋光度测定方法作了改进 ,使这一方法的表述更加准确合理 ,操作更加简便快…     

Optical Rotation of Time-Reversal Degenerate States

It is shown that time-reversal (doubly-) degenerate, many-electron states in molecules of point-group symmetry C₃, C₄, C₆, S₄, and S₆ and T etc., can have non-vanishing matrix elements over a time-odd (electric dipole-electric dipole) polarizability operator contributing to optical rotation. In agreement with well-known results for Kramers' doublets, the optical rotations of the two separated and oriented states of this doublet have opposite signs in this polarizability mechanism, and they have the same sign in the time-even pseudoscalar mechanism which is the usual natural optical rotation of chiral molecules. These results are proven, in an alternative formulation using time-reversal in a second-order process, to hold regardless of even or odd numbers of spins—in contrast to the first-order processes such as the Jahn-Teller effect. The universality of time-reversal in spin, orbital and rotational angular momentum, in point and continuous groups, is show in a unified treatment with consistent phases. It was shown also how time-reversal symmetry can resolve the ambiguities in lower point-groups and determine relationships for which the point-group symmetry is powerless.     

Absolute Configuration Assignment from Optical Rotation Data by Means of Biphenyl Chiroptical Probes

A non-empirical approach for the assignment of the absolute configuration of chiral 2-alkyl-substituted carboxylic acids and primary amines by [α]_D measurements has been developed. The method requires the conversion of the chiral acids or amines into the corresponding 4,4′-disubstituted biphenylamides or biphenylazepines, respectively. In these derivatives a central-to-axial chirality transfer induces a preferred torsion in the biphenyl moiety revealed by the sign of the biphenyl A band in the ECD spectrum. By 4,4′-substitution on the biphenyl moiety a redshift of the A band is obtained, leading to an increase of its relative contribution to optical rotation. This allows to reliably establish a direct correlation between the [α]_D sign, the biphenyl twist and, then, the substrate absolute configuration. This approach thus constitutes a really practical and reliable method to assign the absolute configuration of chiral carboxylic acids and primary amines by simple and straightforward [α]_D measurement, readily obtainable by a routine instrumentation like the polarimeter.     

Unlocking the Remarkable Influence of Intramolecular Group Rotation for Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties

This work exposes for the first time the remarkable influence of intramolecular group rotation on third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) performance. In order to prove the role of group rotation, we designed and synthesized two photo-response compounds tetramethyl 5,5′-(((diazene-1,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))diisophthalate (1) and 5,5′-(((diazene-1,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(methylene))diisophthalic acid (2) and investigated their NLO performance under different substituent (benzyloxy group) rotation states. 1 and 2 have dynamic benzyloxy group rotation in dilute solution and shows reverse saturated absorption (RSA). When the benzyloxy group rotation of 1 and 2 was restricted by PMMA, their NLO performance not only converted into saturated absorption (SA) and NLO refraction behaviours, but also hardly changed after isomerization. Interestingly, we also restricted the benzyloxy group rotation in solution to a certain extent through photo-induced trans→cis isomerization, and found that the NLO performances of cis isomers of 1 and 2 exhibit SA and positive refraction and are similar to those of 1 -PMMA and 2 -PMMA. This work provides a new exploratory method for studying the influencing factors of third-order NLO performance.     

不同旋光度PLGA的制备及其结晶性能研究

以消旋丙交酯、左旋丙交酯和乙交酯为原料,以辛酸亚锡为引发剂,在高真空条件下本体熔融开环聚合,制得一系列不同旋光度的丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(PLGA),其结构经1H NMR, IR, XRD和DSC表征.并采用DSC研究了PLGA的熔体结晶行为,结果表明其结晶性能随其旋光度的减少而显著降低,甚至不结晶.     

D-、L-和DL-缬氨酸晶体低温旋光性研究

由于电弱力宇称不守恒,氨基酸对映体分子间存在宇称破缺能差，通过Z0粒子的介导，在某临界温度下，氨基酸分子会发生类似于BCS(Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)超导的玻色凝聚,引起二级相变,理论推测相变温度约在250 K.本文通过原位测量在240～290 K下， D型、L型和DL型缬氨酸晶体的旋光角随温度的变化，发现D型和DL型缬氨酸晶体在270 K有旋光角跃变， L型缬氨酸晶体的旋光角基本不变，为Salam预言的二级相变提供了直接证据.     

Preparation of Optical Cores of Silica Optical Fibers by the Sol-Gel Method

Preforms for drawing silica optical fibers have been fabricated by using the MCVD method for the preparation of the optical claddings and the sol-gel method for the preparation of the optical cores consisting of TiO₂−SiO₂ or RE³⁺−Al₂O₃−P₂O₅−SiO₂ (RE=Er, Yb) glasses. A novel method has been developed for depositing thin gel layers on the inner silica tube wall, under rotation of the tube inclined at a small angle to the horizontal. The gel layers have been deposited from sols prepared by mixing Si(OC₂H₅)₄, POCl₃, Ti(n-OC₄H₉)₄, AlCl₃, ErCl₃, YbCl₃ H₂O, C₂H₅OH and HCl. The gel layers deposited using these sols on the inner tube wall were heat-treated in a flow of CCl₄ or POCl₃ with O₂ at temperatures of from 800° to 1400°C. After collapsing the composite tube into a preform, an optical fiber has been drawn. The refractive-index profiles of the preforms and the attenuation spectra of the drawn fibers are shown, as well as some results on the lasing characteristics of Yb³⁺ sensitized, Er³⁺ doped fibers.     

Measurement of the Optical Properties of Leaves Under Diffuse Light

Measuring leaf light absorptance is central to many areas of plant biology including photosynthesis and energy balance. Absorptance is calculated from measured values of transmittance and reflectance, and most such measurements have used direct beam light. However, photosynthesis and other processes can differ under direct and diffuse light. Optical properties under diffuse light may be different, but there have been technical difficulties involved in measuring total reflectance of diffuse light. We developed instrumentation to measure this reflectance using a chopped measuring beam delivered alternately to sample and reference integrating spheres, and lock-in detection. We also built instrumentation for measuring transmittance of diffuse light. We developed standards to calibrate our instruments and correct for substitution error, a known systematic error with integrating sphere-based measurements. Helianthus annuus leaves measured under diffuse light reflected 5–10% more and transmitted a few percent less 400–700 nm light than under direct light. Overall absorptance was only a few percent higher under direct light, but leaves may utilize absorbed direct and diffuse light differently. For example, of the light entering the leaf, significantly more direct light than diffuse light is transmitted through the leaf, suggesting differences in localization of absorption within the leaf.