不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅲ:偶氮氯膦-pN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(III)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应──β型反应, 研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系, 着重探讨铋(III)与偶氮氯膦-pN的β-型反应行为, 在高氯酸介质中, 铋(III)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物, λmax=713nm, εmax=9.84×10^4L·mol^-^1·cm^-^1, 并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响, 测定了α和β型配合物的组成, 初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究——Ⅲ.偶氮氯膦-ρN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(Ⅲ)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应——β型反应。研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系,着重探讨铋(Ⅲ)与偶氮氯膦-p~N的β型反应行为。在高氯酸介质中,铋(Ⅲ)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物,λ_(max)=713nm,ε(max)=9.84×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响,测定了α和β型配合物的组成,初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅲ:偶氮氯膦-pN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(III)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应──β型反应, 研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系, 着重探讨铋(III)与偶氮氯膦-pN的β-型反应行为, 在高氯酸介质中, 铋(III)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物, λmax=713nm, εmax=9.84×10^4L·mol^-^1·cm^-^1, 并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响, 测定了α和β型配合物的组成, 初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

2,6-二溴-4-氟偶氮氟膦光度法测定稀土总量的研究

研究了新显色剂2,6-二溴-4-氟偶氮氟膦(偶氮氟膦-DBF)与稀土元素的显色反应。在乳化剂OP及乙醇存在下,在0.06 mol/L的H2SO4介质中,试剂与15种稀土发生显色反应,形成稳定的蓝色配合物。稀土镧与试剂的配合比为1∶3,各稀土配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数ε为0.75~1.13×105L.mol-1.cm-1,最大吸收波长位于632~635 nm。混合稀土元素质量浓度在0~0.60μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律。加入四元混合掩蔽剂,可直接用于实际样品中稀土总量的测定,方法回收率在93.8%~104.3%。     

三溴偶氮溴膦（4—BPA—TB）与铋显色反应研究及分析上应用

本文报道了三溴偶氮溴膦(4-BPA-TB)与Bi(Ⅲ)的显色反应.研究结果表明:在高氯酸介质中,乙醇存在下,该试剂与Bi(Ⅲ)形成稳定的蓝紫色配合物,配合比为1:2,其最大吸收波长为644nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.0×10~5,Bi(Ⅲ)0～20μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律.将该方法用于铸铁及紫铜样品中微量铋的测定,获得了满意的结果.     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅰ.DBS-偶氮氯膦分光光度法直接测定有色金属及合金中的痕量铋

本文系统考察了九种不对称变色酸双偶氮氯膦类衍生物与铋(Ⅲ)的显色反应。并着重报道DBS-偶氮氯膦与铋反应的条件及其应用。在HClO_4—C_2H_5OH介质中,铋与上述试剂形成1:2的紫红色配合物,最大吸收波长位于639nm处,ε_(639)为9.54x10~4.铋在0—30μg/25ml浓度范围内服从比耳定律。反应酸度高,选择性好,许多常见元素可以大量共存。所拟方法不经分离可直接应用于某些有色金属及合金中痕量铋的测定。方法的回收率为96—102%,相对标准偏差小于4.5％。     

对氯偶氮氯膦与铝显色反应的研究及应用

3-(4-氯苯偶氮)-6-(4-氯-2-瞵酸基苯偶氮)-4.5-二羟基-2.7-萘二磺酸,简称对氯偶氮氯膦(CPA-PCl),是近年新合成的一种不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物:利用该试剂光度特性测定钪、钇、铋、镱已有报道,本文研究了该试剂与铝显色反应的条件及配合物的吸光光度性质。发现在微酸性介质中,试剂与铝可以形成2:1的蓝色配合物,显色迅速,色泽稳定,配合     

新显色剂8-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-氨基喹啉的合成及其与钴(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究

合成了3种5-氨基喹啉8位偶氮新试剂, 研究了其与钴(Ⅱ)的显色反应. 对8-BTA-5-AQ与钴的显色反应作了详细研究. 在pH 3.8的缓冲溶液中, 试剂与钴(Ⅱ)形成紫红色配合物, 其最大吸收峰位于620 nm, 表观摩尔吸光系数为5.5×104 L·mol-1·cm-1, 钴量在0～0.40 μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律. 方法已用于合金钢中微量钴的测定.     

三氯偶氮氯膦与铋高灵敏显色反应的研究及应用

研究了三氯偶氮氯膦 ( TC- CPA)与 Bi( )在高氯酸水溶液中的显色反应。在0 .1 6mol/L HCl O4 水溶液中 ,TC- CPA与 Bi( )发生高灵敏的β型反应 ,生成组成为 1∶ 3( M∶ L)的 β型配合物 ,最大吸收波长 70 6nm(Δλ=1 5 7nm) ,表观摩尔吸光系数 2 .90× 1 0 5L· mol- 1· cm- 1。用拟定的方法测定了湖水中的铋 ,回收率为98.71 % ,相对标准偏差 0 .44%。     

偶氮氯膦mA-铌与牛血清白蛋白结合反应及其应用

用分光光度法研究了偶氮氯膦-mA-铌配合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合反应体系.在pH3.0的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液(Mcllvaine)中,随着BSA量的增加,偶氮氯膦mA-铌配合物在542 nm波长处吸收峰也随着减小.据此建立了以偶氮氯膦mA-铌配合物为光谱探针,光度法测定蛋白质的新方法.牛血清白蛋白量在0～60 mg/L范围内与体系的褪色程度呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数为r=0.9996,摩尔吸光系数为ε542=3.3×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.方法应用于人血清蛋白的测定.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.