Furopyridines. III. A new synthesis of furo[3,2-b]pyridine

A convenient synthesis of furo[3,2-b]pyridine and its 2- and 3-methyl derivatives from ethyl 3-hydroxypiconate ( 1 ) is described. The hydroxy ester 1 was O-alkylated with ethyl bromoacetate or ethyl 2-bromopropionate to give the diester 2a or 2b . Cyclization of compound 2a afforded ethyl 3-hydroxyfuro[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate ( 3 ) which in turn was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give furo[3,2-b]pyridin-3-(2H)-one ( 4a ). Cyclization of 2b gave the 2-methyl derivative 4b . Reduction of 4a and 4b with sodium borohydride yielded the corresponding hydroxy derivative 5a and 5b respectively, which were dehydrated with phosphoric acid to give furo[3,2-b]pyridine ( 6a ) and its 2-methyl derivative ( 6b ). 2-Acetylpyridin-3-ol ( 8 ) was converted to the ethoxycarbonylmethyl ether ( 9 ) by O-alkylation with ethyl bromoacetate, which was cyclized to give 3-methylfuro[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ( 10 ). Decarboxylation of 10 afforded 3-methylfuro[3,2-b]pyridine ( 11 ).     

Novel pyrano[3,2-b]indole derivatives: synthesis and some properties

Acid treatment of β-(3-acetoxyindol-2-yl)-α-cyanoacrylic acid derivatives (ethyl ester and nitrile) with aqueous or gaseous HCl afforded novel 3-substituted 2-oxo-2,5-dihydropyra-no[3,2-b]indoles. 2-Oxo-2,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]indole-3-carbonitrile was converted into ethyl 2-oxo-2,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]indole-3-carboximidate.     

Furopyridines. XVII . Cyanation,chlorination and nitration of furo[3,2-b]pyridine N-oxide

The N-oxide 2 of furo[3,2-b]pyridine ( 1 ) was cyanated by the Reissert-Henze reaction with potassium cyanide and benzoyl chloride to give 5-cyano derivative 3 , which was converted to the carboxamide 4 , carboxylic acid 5 , ethyl ester 6 and ethyl imidate 8 . Chlorination of 2 with phosphorus oxychloride yielded 2-9a , 3- 9b , 5- 9c and 7-chloro derivative 9d . Reaction of 9d with sodium methoxide, pyrrolidine, N,N-dimethylformamide and ethyl cyanoacetate afforded 7-methoxy- 10 , 7-(1-pyrrolidyl)- 11 and 7-dimethylaminofuro[3,2-b]pyridine ( 14 ) and 7-(1-cyano-1-ethoxy-carbonyl)methylene-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine ( 12 ). Nitration of 2 with a mixture of fuming nitric acid and sulfuric acid gave 2-nitrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine N-oxide ( 15 ).     

Synthesis of New Fused Pirano[4,3-b]pyridine Derivatives

A method was developed for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine derivatives based on the reaction of 3-amino-7-ethyl-7-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester with chloroacetic acid chloride, triethyl orthoformate, hydrazine hydrate, and also phenyl chloroformate. The synthesis of various new representatives of pyrano[2″,3″:5′,6′]pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-dl-pyrimidine series was carried out.

     

Synthesis of 2,10,11-Trisubstituted Indolo[3,2-b]quinolines

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of derivatives of indolo[3,2-b]quinolines-11 based on N-oxidization of 2-nitro-10-substituted indolo[3,2-b]quinolines with subsequent conversion of the mixtures obtained into 2-nitro-11-substituted indolo[3,2-b]quinolinones-11. A series of 2-nitro-11-substituted indolo[3,2-b]quinolines was prepared.     

Chemistry of thienopyridines. XII. Selective formation of N-oxides,sulfoxides, and sulfones in some tricyclic systems

Direct conversion of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyridine (IVa), thieno[3,2-b:4,5-b']dipyridine (Va), and thieno[2,3-b:4,5-b']dipyridine (VIa) into their sulfoxides was effected by means of an equimolar quantity of iodobenzene dichloride in aqueous acetonitrile. Treatment of IVa-VIa with excess chlorine gas in carbon tetrachloride and then with water gave the corresponding sulfones, IVc-VIc. Hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid converted Va and VIa into di-N-oxides, thieno[3,2-b]pyridine into its N-oxide, and sulfone VIc into an N-oxide sulfone (X). Spectral and chemical means of distinguishing amongst the oxide functions are noted, and rationalizations for selectivity in the oxidations are discussed.     

The synthesis of benzofuroquinolines. V. Some benzofuro[3,2-B]quinoline derivatives

Some benzofuro[3,2-b]quinoline derivatives 1a-d and 3a were synthesized by condensation of 2-amino-benzaldehyde, 2-aminoacetophenone, 2-aminobenzophenone, isatin, or 2-aminobenzoic acid with 3(2H)-benzofuranone. The benzofuroquinolinone 3a was also obtained from 2-aminobenzoic acid and phenoxy-acetyl chloride in two steps and converted to 10-chloro derivative 1e . Similarly, some 8-halobenzofuro[3,2-b]-quinoline derivatives 1d,e and 3a (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were synthesized from 5-haloisatin or 2-amino-5-halo-benzoic acid. And benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines 1a-e thus obtained were converted to corresponding N-oxides 2 .     

Cyclocondensation of 3-amino-2-iminonaphtho[1,2-d]thiazole with oxalic acid derivatives

Refluxing 3-amino-2-iminonaphtho[1,2-d]thiazole ( 1 ) with diethyl oxalate ( 2a ) in a 2:1 molar ratio in dry pyridine provided 2,2′-binaphtho[1′,2′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole ( 3 ). On the other hand, when 1 was treated with excess amount of 2a in dimethylformamide, it afforded ethyl naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole-2-carboxylate ( 4a ) on heating and ethyl N-(2-iminonaphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-3-yl)oxamate ( 5 ) by stirring at room temperature. Cyclization of 5 upon fusion led to the formation of 3-hydroxy-2H-naphtho-[1′,2′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-2-one ( 6 ). Compound 6 could also be prepared directly from 1 by refluxing either with 2a neatly, in glacial acetic acid or with oxalic acid ( 2b ) in the same medium. The acid form of 4a might be obtained from 1 and 2b on heating in dimethylformamide, but it was decarboxylated to naphtho-[1′,2′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole ( 4b ) during the reaction.     

Synthesis of 4H-furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. III. Preparation of 4H-furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives

Methyl or ethyl 4H-furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxylates (Va,b) were prepared from deoxygenation of methyl or ethyl 5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furoates (IIIa,b) and thermolysis of methyl or ethyl 5-(2-azidophenyl)-2-furoates (VIIIa,b). 4H-Furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid amides (XIa-h) were obtained by the reaction of 4H-furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxyl chloride (X) with the appropriate amines.     

Chemistry of thienopyridines. XLII. Three novel compounds derived from thienopyridine N-oxides

Extension of the Reissert-Henze reaction to treatment of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine 7-oxide with potassium thiocyanate and benzoyl chloride in water-methylene chloride gives a 2% yield of bis(6-thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl) disulfide. Peroxidation of 5-ethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine ( 4 ) forms the 7-oxide 5 (53%), converted to a monopicrate 5a . Picrate 5a undergoes N-deoxygenation to 4 -picrate on drying at 78° in vacuo, but shows the expected additive mass spectrum of 5 (thermally stable) and picric acid. Nucleophilic displacement of chloride ion from 7-chlorothieno[3,2-b]pyridine (derived, in turn, from thieno[3,2-b]pyridine 4 -oxide) by the anion from ethyl cyanoacetate gives 7-(1-cyano-1-ethoxycarbonyl)methylene-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine (82%), stable in this iminodienic tautomeric form.     

Indole esters as heterocyclic synthons. III. Preparation and reactions of furo[3,2-b]indoles

The preparation of furo[3,2-b]indoles via Dieckmann cyclization is described. The precursor diesters were obtained from 3-hydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid esters and methyl or ethyl bromoacetate. Reactions of the furo[3,2-b]indole enolic esters prepared are discussed.     

Revisiting Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole: Synthesis,Structures, Properties,and Applications

Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole presents a π-skeleton with a remarkable electronic structure and interesting potential applications. It is, however, also associated with ambiguity and controversy. Herein, new derivatives of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole are reported and they have enabled a comprehensive study on the electronic structure of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and the development of a new n-type organic semiconductor. Experimental and computational studies show that indolo[3,2-b]carbazole has a largely localized p-benzoquinonediimine moiety and significant antiaromaticity. When substituted with (4-silylethynyl)phenyl groups, the indolo[3,2-b]carbazole exhibits one-dimensional π–π stacking and functions as an n-type organic semiconductor in solution-processed field effect transistors.     

A simple one-pot synthesis of [1]benzotelluro[3,2-b][1]-benzotellurophenes and its selenium and sulfur analogues from 2,2′-dibromodiphenylacetylene

Treatment of 2, 2′-dibromodiphenylacetylene 7 with tert-butyllithium followed by tellurium insertion resulted in intramolecular ring closure to afford [1]benzotelluro[3,2-b][1]benzotellurophene 8a . Similarly, [1]benzoseleno-[3,2-b][1]benzoselenophene 8b and [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene 8c were also obtained.     

Reactivity of thienopyrroles. Synthesis of isomeric nitro and bromothienopyrroles

The preparation of ethyl 2-bromothieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate, ethyl 2-bromothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate, ethyl 2-nitrothieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate and ethyl 2-nitrothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate are described.     

The synthesis of 5,10-dihydro- and 2,3,5,10-tetrahydrothiazolo-[3,2-b] [2,4]benzodiazepines, 1,2,3,4,7,12-hexahydrobenzothiazolo-[3,2-b] [2,4] benzodiazepine,and 9,14-dihydro-6H-[1]benzothiopyrano-[4′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b] [2,4] benzodiazepine via 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydro-3H-2,4-benzodiazepine-3-thione

Catalytic reductive scission of phthalazine (II) utilizing a two-stage palladium-Raney nickel procedure afforded o-xylene-α,α′-diamine (III) in 97% yield. Treatment of III with carbon disulfide gave [o-(aminomethyl)benzyl]dithiocarbamic acid (IV), which upon thermal cyclization furnished 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-2,4-benzodiazepine-3-thione (V). Reaction of V with 1,2-dibromoethane, chloro-2-propanone, ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, and ethyl 2-bromohexanoate gave 2,3,5,10-tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2-b][2,4]benzodiazepine (VII) and substituted 5,10-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-b][2,4]benzodiazepines (Villa and b, IX, and X), respectively. Condensation of V with 2-chlorocyclohexanone and 3-bromothiochroman-4-one afforded 1,2,3,4,7,12-hexahydrobenzothiazolo[3,2-b][2,4]benzodiazepine (XII) and 9,14-dihydro-6H-[1]benzothiopyrano[4′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][2,4]benzodiazepine(XIll). None of the compounds possessed appreciable biological activity.     

Photochromic dihetarylethenes. 14. Synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dihetarylcyclobutene-1,2-diones

A procedure was developed for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical cyclobutene-1,2-dione derivatives bearing thiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene substituents by the Friedel—Crafts reaction of the corresponding heterocyclic compounds with squaric acid dichloride in the presence of AlCl₃. In addition to the target dihetarylcyclobutenediones, monoacylation products of methyl (2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)acetate and methyl 5-methylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate with squaric acid dichloride were isolated and characterized.     

A synthesis of 5-carboxamidopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine

A four-step synthesis of 5-carboxamidopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine ( 3 ) from pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine ( 4 ) is described (45% overall yield). The one-step conversion of the N-oxide 6 of the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine 5 leads to the 5-cyanopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine 7. The cyano group is hydrolyzed to afford the title compound 3 , which is the 4-aza analog of the indole backbone in 5-carboxamidotryptamine, a potent agonist of the neurotransmitter, serotonin.     

On the synthesis and reactivity of 4,10-dihydrobenzo-[b]thieno[2,3-e]thiepin-10-acetic acid and 5,10-dihydrobenzo[e]thieno[3,2-b]thiepin-10-acetic acid

A simple method to synthesize 4,10-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-e]thiepin-10-acetic acid (8a) and 5,10-dihydrobenzo[e]thieno[3,2-b]thiepin-10-acetic acid (8b) starting from ketones la,b is described. The reactivity of the acid 8a has been investigated and some derivatives are reported.     

Action de réactifs nucléophiles sur les phényl-5 thiéno[3,2-b]pyrannone-7 et phényl-2 benzo[b]thiéno[3,2-b]pyrannone-4

Reactions of 5-phenylthieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one, 2-phenylbenzo[b]-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-4-one and the corresponding thiones with sodium ethylate, guanidines, hydrazines and amines are described and compared to those observed with benzopyranones.     

Convenient synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel pyrazolyl-thiophene,thieno[3,2-b]pyridine,pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine and pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives

The newly synthesized 3-(3-amino-5-(phenylamino)-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanoate was utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-thiophene derivative, which undergoes cyclization upon treatment with benzaldehyde derivatives to provide pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines. Basic treatment of pyrazolyl-thiophene derivative with phenyl isothiocyanate followed by subsequent addition of chloroacetone and/or ethyl bromoacetate yielded the thiazolylidene-pyrazolyl thiophenes. In addition, the building block 3-(3-amino-5-(phenylamino)-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanoate was converted into the corresponding thieno[3,2-b]pyridine compounds through its reactions with (DMF-DMA) and/or heating in sodium ethoxide. Moreover, the reaction of 7-hydroxy-5-oxo-N-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide with 2-arylidenemalononitrile produced the new annulated pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines. The prepared thiophene-based compounds were evaluated against HepG2, PC3, and MCF-7 cancer cells, and normal fibroblast cell (WI38). The pyrazolo[3,4-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine and pyrano[2,3-d]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine compounds substituted with chlorophenyl group presented promising cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line without any human toxicity. Docking study for the synthesized thiophene compounds delivered valuable insights about the binding interactions with the crystal structure of NS5B enzyme with PDB ID (4TLR).