倍半萜生物碱Dendrobine的全合成研究进展

石斛碱(Dendrobine)是一类从传统中药金钗石斛中分离得到的具有Picrotoxane倍半萜碳骨架的生物碱类天然产物.由于该化合物具有多环稠合和七个连续立体中心的结构特点,以及镇痛和退热等药理活性,引起了众多有机合成化学家和药物化学家的关注.五十年来,天然产物Dendrobine的药理活性研究和化学合成不断涌现,主要总结了天然产物Dendrobine的生源途径和合成研究进展.     

海洋天然产物研究新进展

海洋天然产物化学是目前天然产物化学中最活跃的研究领域之一。近年来,从海洋生物中分离到非常多的化学结构和生理活性上令人注目的新化合物,引起了有机化学家和药物化学家的关注。本文按萜类、太环内酯、聚醚类、生物碱,环肽、含氰化合物、甾醇、聚丙酸酯类化合物等化学结构来概述海洋天然产物研究近年来的进展。     

通过环加成反应和串联反应构建桥环化合物的研究进展

桥环化合物广泛存在于天然产物和具有重要生理活性的分子中,在药物化学、天然产物化学、合成化学、材料化学及生命科学等领域具有重要的应用价值.近年来,经过广大化学工作者的不懈努力,己发展了系列高效构建桥环化合物的新方法.从环加成反应和串联反应两种策略出发,详细介绍近五年来用于构建桥环化合物的方法及最新研究进展,简要分析目前方...     

多样性导向的“类天然产物”化合物库合成

天然产物是药物发现中先导化合物的重要来源.高通量筛选技术的发展和近年来化学生物学研究的深入,对拓展天然产物与活性相关的＂化学空间＂提出了新要求.用多样性导向合成方法建立骨架多样、构造复杂、立体化学多样性的＂类天然产物＂化合物库进行生物学相关研究,并以此为基础发现药物先导化合物正在成为一种趋势.在此过程中,发展具有立体选择性和区域选择性,能够广泛应用于多种底物的有机化学反应起着关键作用.     

抗肿瘤活性双四氢异喹啉生物碱类似物的合成研究进展

双四氢异喹啉天然产物是一大类具有较强生物活性的家族,目前已有近百个该类天然产物被陆续报道出来.自1974年Kluepfel等发现了第一个具有抗肿瘤活性的四氢异喹啉天然产物以来,已经有近百个该类四氢异喹啉天然产物被陆续报道出来,目前这类天然产物家族中的双四氢异喹啉生物碱因其优良的生物活性和复杂的化学结构成为了生物学和有机化学研究领域的热点,并进一步推动了该类天然产物家族成员Ecteinasicdin 743 (ET-743)在欧盟成功上市,用于治疗晚期软组织瘤和卵巢癌.由于包括ET-743在内的这类双四氢异喹啉天然产物在自然界中含量极低以及化学结构复杂,使得对其化学结构的改造也引起了越来越多的关注.本文基于此,综述了近十年来这类双四氢异喹啉天然产物类似物的研究进展.     

3,4-桥环吲哚类生物碱的合成研究进展

取代的吲哚类天然产物是自然界中普遍存在的一类杂环化合物,由于其具有广泛的生理活性,以及相当一部分作为重要的临床使用药物,100多年以来,吲哚的合成及官能团化一直是有机合成化学家关注的一个重要领域.在众多吲哚类生物碱中,含有3,4-桥环吲哚骨架的天然产物占据了相当一部分,由于其独特的结构和良好的生物活性,这些分子引起了有机合成化学家的广泛兴趣.重点概述了构建3,4-桥环骨架的主要合成方法和策略,并对一些方法在天然产物全合成中的应用作简要介绍.     

Cu(Ⅰ)催化的不对称直接插炔Aldol反应构建手性2,3-联烯醇

手性联烯是一类具有丙二烯结构的轴手性化合物,不仅广泛存在于众多天然产物[1]、药理活性分子及功能材料中[2],还是有机化学中非常重要的合成砌块[3].其中,含有一个中心手性和轴手性的2,3-联烯醇结构是类胡萝卜、素类、萜类以及溴代联烯天然产物的核心片段,表现出广泛的生理活性,并且由于同时含有联烯和醇羟基官能团,也具有多样的反应化学.因此,2,3-联烯醇的不对称合成具有重要的研究意义.     

抗AD活性天然化合物的结构与功能

阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease, AD)已成为影响人类健康的第四大杀手,给全球公共健康带来重大影响与挑战.近年来,新型治疗AD药物的研制成为生命与健康领域的重要课题,如何发现具有抗AD活性的苗头分子和先导结构是其中的关键科学问题与技术难点.植物来源的天然化合物具有多骨架、多活性、多靶点的成药性特征.本文综述了AD的发病机制和具有抗AD活性的天然化合物的化学结构与功能,为新型抗AD药物的研制提供参考.     

复杂天然产物全合成:化学合成与生物合成结合的策略

天然产物全合成是有机化学的重要研究方向之一,具有复杂结构和重要生理活性的天然产物及其衍生物也是药物研发的重要来源.主要介绍利用化学合成与生物合成结合的策略,实现复杂天然产物的全合成及规模制备.主要内容包括青蒿素,Spinosyn A,Myceliothernophin E和Equisetin的化学与生物合成研究.     

新型海洋双吲哚类生物碱的研究进展

双吲哚类生物碱是近年来分离到的一类很重要的海洋天然产物。由于这类化合物具有新颖的化学结构和多种生理活性,因此它们引起了科学家极大的兴趣。本文综述了近年来新型海洋双吲哚类生物碱的研究进展。     

Highly efficient biomimetic total synthesis and structural verification of bistratamides E and J from Lissoclinum bistratum

The interesting biological activities of heterocycle-containing cyclic peptide-derived natural products, isolated from marine organisms over the past twenty years, have attracted the interest of many synthetic and natural products chemists. Bistratamides E-J, members of this class of natural products that were isolated very recently from Lissoclinum bistratum, exhibited cytotoxic activity against a human colon tumor (HCT-116) cell line. Here we report the first total syntheses of bistratamides E (1) and J (2) in overall yields of 19 and 34 %, respectively. The thiazole substructures have been synthesized by oxidation of their corresponding thiazoline substructures, which were obtained from cysteine containing peptides using a novel biomimetic approach wherein Val-Cys dipeptide units were converted to thiazolines by a bisphosphonium salt. The final macrocyclization was promoted efficiently using the combination of PyBOP and DMAP. This approach allows the use of readily available Fmoc-protected amino acids to make complex thiazole and oxazoline-containing natural products.     

Collective Synthesis of Cladiellins Based on the Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 1,7‐Diynes

The cladiellin family of natural products, which includes molecules with various biological activities, continues to invite new synthetic studies. A gold‐catalyzed tandem reaction of 1,7‐diynes to construct the 6‐5‐bicyclic ring systems that are present in a number of natural products was developed. This reaction was applied as the key step to realize the formal and total syntheses of nine members of the cladiellin family in an enantio‐ and diastereoselective manner. This modular and efficient approach could also be used for the construction of other cladiellins, as well as their analogues, for follow‐up studies.     

Bioactive Diarylpentanoids: Insights into the Biological Effects beyond Antitumor Activity and Structure–Activity Relationships

Diarylpentanoids, a class of natural products and their synthetic analogs which are structurally related to chalcones, have gained increasing attention due to their wide array of biological activities, including antitumor, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-hyperuricemic, and neuroprotective properties. Previously, we reviewed diarylpentanoids with promising antitumor activity. However, in view of the wide range of biological activities described for this class of compounds, the purpose of this review is to provide a more detailed overview of the synthetic bioactive diarylpentanoids that have been described over the last two decades, beyond simply their antitumor effects. A total of 745 compounds were found, highlighting the main synthetic methodologies used in their synthesis as well as the structure–activity relationship studies and structural features for all activities reported. Collectively, this review highlights the diarylpentanoid scaffold as a promising starting point for the development of new therapeutic agents.     

Parallel synthesis of indolylquinones and their cell-based insulin mimicry

A synthetic route to bis-indolyldihydroxybenzoquinones was adapted for parallel organic synthesis. The route involves selective conjugate addition of an indole to dichlorobenzoquinone promoted by Br?nsted acid, followed by a Lewis acid-promoted conjugate addition of a second indole and a final hydrolysis. Methods for high-throughput purification of the products of this synthesis were also developed. Using these methods, we prepared a library whose structures are based on asterriquinone natural products, which have a wide range of biological activities. In this report, the activities of the library members in activation of the insulin receptor on mammalian cells were examined. Novel compounds were discovered that fall outside earlier developed structure-activity relationships for insulin mimics, supporting the value of systematic investigation (inspired by Nature) for the discovery of novel biologically active molecules.     

Cyclopeptide alkaloids: chemistry and biology

Recent progress in the synthesis and investigation of the biological activities of cyclopeptide alkaloids is reviewed. New strategies have been devised to overcome some of the synthetic challenges inherent in the formation of strained paracyclophanes. However, issues remain which offer opportunities for the application of catalytic enantioselective organometallic reactions. Members of this class of natural products have been isolated from various parts of a wide variety of plants and researchers will likely continue to show great interest in their formation and function. The biological properties of certain members of this class warrant further investigation. To gain additional insight into these areas, continuing development of synthetic methodology will be essential.     

Mimicking/Extracting Structure and Functions of Natural Products: Synthetic Approaches that Address Unexplored Needs in Chemical Biology

Natural products are often attractive and challenging targets for synthetic chemists, and many have interesting biological activities. However, synthetic chemists need to be more than simply suppliers of compounds to biologists. Therefore, we have been seeking ways to actively apply organic synthetic methods to chemical biology studies of natural products and their activities. In this personal review, I would like to introduce our work on the development of new biologically active compounds inspired by, or extracted from, the structures of natural products, focusing on enhancement of functional activity and specificity and overcoming various drawbacks of the parent natural products.     

4-羟基-2-吡啶酮类化合物的合成研究进展

4-羟基-2-吡啶酮是天然生物碱结构母核,同时也是一类重要的医药中间体,该类衍生物具有抗真菌、抗菌和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性.因此,其合成得到了广泛的研究和关注.综述了近年来4-羟基-2-吡啶酮类化合物的合成方法及其研究进展.     

Strained cyclophane natural products: macrocyclization at its limits

Cyclophane natural products comprise an intriguing class of structurally diverse compounds. As inherent for all cyclic compounds regardless of their origin, macrocyclization is naturally the most decisive step, which defines the overall efficiency of the synthetic pathway. Especially in small cyclophane molecules, this key step constitutes an even greater challenge. Due to the strain imparted by the macrocyclic system, free rotation of the benzene ring(s) is often restricted depending on both the constitution of the tether and the aromatic portions. Not surprisingly, the synthesis of natural cyclophanes with their often outstanding pharmaceutical activities and the inherent issues associated with their preparation has attracted much attention among the synthetic community. In particular, it stimulated the development of new strategies for the ring-closing step, as often otherwise well established and robust reactions fail to perform effectively. In this review, we describe the challenges synthetic chemists are facing during the synthesis of this small, but structurally and biologically fascinating class of natural products, concentrating on the representatives exhibiting configurational stability. The main focus will be on the different concepts for the installation of the macrocyclic system, in most cases the central problem in assembling these extremely rigid molecules.     

4-羟基-2-吡啶酮类天然生物碱的研究进展

4-羟基-2-吡啶酮类生物碱是从植物和昆虫等内生真菌发酵液中提取分离得到的一类新型天然生物碱, 具有抗真菌、抗菌和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性. 对近年来4-羟基-2-吡啶酮类天然生物碱的分离、结构确证和全合成等进行了总结和概述, 重点介绍了Ilicilolin H, Tenellin和Sambutaxin等的全合成.     

Chemoinformatics methods for systematic comparison of molecules from natural and synthetic sources and design of hybrid libraries

Until recently, the field of diversity and library design has more or less ignored natural products as a compound source. This is probably due to at least two reasons. First, combinatorial and reaction-based approaches have been major focal points in the early days of computational library design. In addition, a widespread view is that natural products are often highly complex and not amenable to medicinal chemistry efforts. This contribution introduces recent computational approaches to systematically analyze natural molecules and bridge the gap between natural products and synthetic chemistry programs. Large scale comparisons of natural and synthetic molecules are discussed as well as studies designed to identify `synthetic mimics' of natural products with specific activity. In addition, a concept for the design of natural/synthetic hybrid libraries is introduced. Although research in this area is still in its early stages, an important lesson to be learned from computational analyses is that there is no need to a priori `shy away' from natural products as a source for molecular design.