Acidity and Catalytic Activity of Phosphoric Acid Modified Titanium Oxide Surface

By refluxing the anatase form of TiO₂ powder in phosphoric acid, the surface acidity was observed to increase. The amount of acid was determined by n-butylamine titration in n-heptane media, and was found to be proportional to the reflux period in phosphoric acid. XRD patterns and IR spectra revealed that the products contained a mixture of the anatase form of TiO₂ and titanium phosphate phases. Based on the calculated acid density on the surface, part of the titrant, n-butylamine penetrated into the titanium phosphate layers. Further investigations using TGA, FT-IR and TEM techniques along with surface area measurements indicated that the titanium phosphate phase was coated over the TiO₂ phase. The surface acidity of the phosphoric acid treated anatase increased due to the substitution of Ti-OH groups by phosphate groups. Nevertheless, the chemical properties of the resultant surfaces were found to be influenced by the internal anatase phase. The kinetic data on the 2-propanol dehydration reaction, where the activation energies were found to decrease gradually with an increase in phosphate content, also support these conclusion.     

碘改性的含铜复合氧化物催化氧化苯系物

制备了一系列碘改性的含铜介孔复合氧化物催化剂,并利用XRD、N₂吸脱附、H₂-TPR和元素分析对其进行了表征.以O₂为氧化剂,以甲苯氧化反应为探针,测试其催化性能,结果表明复合氧化物载体的元素组成显著影响催化剂的性能.在最优反应条件下,无需添加有机溶剂,甲苯转化率可达25.6%,主产物苯甲醛选择性为100%.进而将催化剂应用于其他苯系物（苯、乙苯、二甲苯）的氧化反应,也取得了较好的催化效果,且该催化剂可以循环使用多次.     

钴系尖晶石型复合氧化物的甲烷催化燃烧性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了钴系尖晶石型Co0.5 M0.5 Co2O4(M=Mg、Zn、Ce)复合氧化物催化剂,考察了其对甲烷催化燃烧反应的催化活性,并运用FT-IR、XRD、BET及H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,Co0.5 Ce0.5 Co2 O4催化剂有较高的催化活性,与CoO. 5Mg0.5 Co2 O4和Co0.5Zn0.5Co2 O4催化剂相比,Co0.5 Ce0.5Co2 O4催化剂有较高的晶格畸变率、较大的比表面积和孔容、较小的晶粒度、较强的氧活动性和较低的甲烷催化燃烧表观活化能.     

Preparation of Magnesia-Silica Oxides: Effect of Mg/Si Ratio and Sulfate on Acidity

Mg−Si binary oxides were prepared by the sol-gel method, using magnesium diethoxide and tetraethoxysilane as starting materials. Mg−Si mixed oxides were prepared at pH3 and 9 at nominal concentrations of 1.3, 4.0, and 6.7 mole% MgO. Density and strength of the acid sites were determined by pyridine thermal programmed desorption. Comparable Lewis acidity was found in pH3 and 9 preparations. However, when the samples were sulfated with sulfuric acid, strong Bronsted acidity was developed, reaching a maximum at 6.7 mole% MgO. The strong acidity of sulfated samples was corroborated using the isopropanol decomposition reaction as catalytic test. Similar conversions are obtained at 100°C on sulfated samples, whereas 260°C are required for non-sulfated ones.     

Preparation of Mixed Co and Cu Oxides via Thermal Decomposition of Their Oxalates,and Study of Their Catalytic Properties

Mixed oxides were prepared by the thermal decomposition of the oxalates of cobalt(II) and copper(II) coprecipitated from aqueous solution or made by mechanical mixing. The compositions and structures of the oxides were confirmed by means of TG and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy. The catalytic behaviour of the oxides obtained was studied by using the decomposition of H₂O₂ as a model reaction. The results were compared with those on the oxides produced from the thermal decomposition of mechanically mixed oxalates. The catalytic activities of the mixed oxides were found to be lower than that of pure cobalt oxide, but higher than that of copper oxide. This result was interpreted in terms of the relative standard reduction potential of the catalyst as compared with that of H₂O₂. The catalytic activity of the mixed oxides obtained from the coprecipitate was found to be lower than that of the oxides obtained from the mechanical mixture at the same temperature. As the temperature of preparation was increased, the catalytic activities of the oxides obtained decreased. This was attributed to the solid-solid interactions, which gave a new phase with lower catalytic activity than those of the interacting phases. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氧化物对Hβ沸石催化行为的影响

用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ“ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ及化学吸附等手段研究了负载Ｂ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等氧化物对Ｈβ沸石表面酸性和丙烯醚化反应性能的影响。结果表明：负载的Ｂ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ｇｎ Ｈβ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３沸石间有较强的相互作用，Ｂ和Ｆｅ的化学环境有明显改变，氧化物调变了Ｈβ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３沸石的酸性，使总酸量增加，强酸中心强度下降，Ｌ酸中心比例提高，氧化物使丙烯醚化反应活性增强，抑制了异丙醇脱水反应、现烯     

微量吸附量热法研究氧化物催化剂的酸碱性质

利用微量吸附量热技术定量地表征了Eu₂O₃、CeO₂、MgO、ZnO、Al₂O₃和NiO等氧化物表面酸碱中心的强度和数量,结果表明,样品的NH₃和CO₂起始吸附热与其Sanderson电负性相关.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mixed Oxide Compositions of Cobalt-Zirconium and their Catalytic Activity in the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide

The article presents the results of research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nanoscale oxide of cobalt and zirconium and their mixed oxide compositions. The synthesized samples have been characterized by the X-ray phase, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods; the composition of the samples has been determined by chemical analysis methods, and their catalytic activity in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has been studied. It has been shown that during synthesis, highly dispersed cobalt and zirconium oxide are formed, and the sample of the composition (mol %): Co₃O₄(88)−ZrO₂(12) has the highest specific surface area (181.2 m²/g) and the highest activity (K=6.18 ⋅ 10⁻² s⁻¹) against the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The increasing of the ZrO₂ content in oxide compositions reduces their catalytic activity. The particle size in the synthesized samples is 7–38 nm.     

Mixed Titanium and Phosphorus Oxides. II. — The Effect of pH Values of Solutions on Surface Acidity

A series at mixed oxides of titanium and phosphorus were prepared by co-precipitation method accompanying refluxing treatment. The effect of the pH values of the solutions on the structures, compositions, and surface acidities of the resultants compounds was determined. The samples were characterized by BET surface area measurement, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis and amine-titration for surface acidities. After calcinating the oxides at 773 K, the surface acidities were attributed mainly to Ti(OH)PO₄ structure. Elemental analysis revealed that the P/Ti ratios in the samples decreased with increasing the pH value of the preparative solution. When the mixed oxides were used as catalysts for 2-propanol decomposition reaction, the highest activities were obtained over the samples prepared in the solutions with the pH values being 2 or 3. That result was in agreement with the variation in surface area and acid amount of the catalysts.     

Nanostructured Copper Oxide on Silica–Zirconia Mixed Oxides by Chemical Implantation

A new route to chemical implantation of copper(II) N,N‐dialkylcarbamato complexes on silica and nanostructured silica–zirconia matrices and subsequent thermal treatment (see scheme) is an efficient method of functionalizing the oxide matrices with nanostructured CuO. The materials have been characterized thoroughly and the effect of selected experimental parameters on the grafting reaction was investigated.

     

CuO-ZrO_2-CeO_2复合氧化物的催化性能研究

研究了氧化铜的加入对锆铈复合氧化物的结构与性能的影响 ,发现氧化铜的加入可降低氧化铈的还原温度 ,稳定复合氧化物的立方结构 ,提高对CO氧化的催化活性。增加铈含量能提高催化剂的活性 ,而硫酸盐等可使催化剂的活性降低。掺铜锆铈复合氧化物催化剂的活性几乎不受高温灼烧的影响 ,是一种具有较高热稳定性的催化剂。     

Mn_xCo_(3-x)O_4复合氧化物及改性催化剂催化分解N_2O

用共沉淀法制备了一组不同组成的MnxCo3-xO4尖晶石型复合氧化物,表面负载碱金属助剂制备改性催化剂,用于催化分解N2O.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术表征催化剂结构.考察了复合氧化物组成、碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物等制备参数对催化剂结构和催化活性的影响.结果表明:添加助剂K、Cs降低了催化剂表面Co、Mn元素的电子结合能,弱化了Co—O和Mn—O键,有利于氧物种的脱除,提高了催化剂活性.优化出了活性较高的催化剂K/Mn0.4Co2.6O4(K2CO3),有氧无水、有氧有水气氛400℃连续反应50 h,N2O转化率分别保持100%和74.2%,催化剂稳定性较高.     

Studies on the Surface Oxygen Species and the Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation of La1-xSrxCo1-xMnxO3, a Perovskite-Type Oxides Catalyst

The surface oxygen distribution the active oxygen species for CO on the perovskite-type catalyst La_1-xSr_xCo_1-xMn_xO₃ and its catalytic oxidation activity with CO as probe were investigated by means of XRD, TPD and XPS in a continuous flow microreactor. Results showed that different adsorbed oxygen species and lattice oxygen were distributed on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the surface lattice oxygen of the oxides was reacting in the course of CO oxidation. This leads to the conclusion that, when x=0.6, the catalyst shows the best oxidative activity and lower starting temperature.     

改进的MnOx-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷低温催化燃烧

在Mn含量不变的条件下, 通过调变前驱体Mn(NO3)2与KMnO4的添加量, 以共沉淀法制备了改进的MnOx-CeO2催化剂, 采用XRD, LRS, XPS和TPR测试手段对催化剂进行了表征, 并研究了对甲烷催化燃烧的低温性能.     

Microcalorimetric Studies of Zn—Al Mixed Oxides Obtained From Hydrotalcite-type Precursors

A series of Zn–Al hydrotalcites with Zn/Al molar ratios of 1, 2, 3 and 6 were prepared by co-precipitation method. TG-DTG results showed that the hydrotalcites decompose in two stages, corresponding to the two endothermic peaks around 180 and 220°C. After calcination at 400°C, the samples were converted into Zn–Al mixed oxides with the only XRD pattern of ZnO, except for the sample with the ratio of 6. The Zn–Al mixed oxides possess similar surface acidity revealed by microcalorimetric adsorption of NH₃. The basicity of the samples increases with the order: ZnO>6Zn/Al>1Zn/Al>Al₂O₃.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于NH_3-SCR的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂:结构与脱硝性能

以TiOSO_4·2H_2O和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为前驱体,采用共沉淀法制备了不同CeO_2含量的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂.对样品结构进行了表征,考察了催化剂的NH_3-SCR(NH_3选择性催化还原)反应活性、N_2选择性和抗水抗硫性能.结果表明,随着催化剂中CeO_2含量的增加,催化剂的物相结构、晶粒尺寸及脱硝性能均出现规律性变化,这种改变与样品的酸碱性和氧化还原性能的变化有关.当样品中CeO_2的质量分数约为50%时,催化剂的结构呈无定形态,具有较大的比表面积和较多的氧空位,有利于反应物分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,拓宽了催化剂的低温活性窗口并提高了NO的转化率.     

In、Sn和Ti纳米复合物对CH4气敏和催化性能研究

用可控湿化学共沉淀法研制了In₂O₃-SnO₂纳米复合物，通过控制金属盐浓度、阳离子比、沉淀pH值和老化时间，制得化学均一的两元复合物，引入适量的第三组分TiO₂制得三元纳米复合氧化物，研究了TiO₂添加对材料气敏和CH₄催化反应活性的影响，用各种分析方法对复合物进行物性和结构表征，从对CH₄气敏和催化活性测定的结果表明，两元25%In₂O₃-75%SnO₂复合物和三元(25%In₂O₃-75%SnO₂)-20%TiO₂复合物对CH₄具有较好的灵敏度和催化活性，两者有相同变化趋势，也提高了对CO的选择性，再经过掺杂对基质进行结构调变和表面修饰，进一步提高气敏和催化活性。用程序升温吸-脱附(TPD)实验和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析研究了纳米复合物表面对待测气体和氧的吸脱附行为和组分间电子和化学的相互作用，探讨了气敏机制。     

制备方法对NiCoPrLa类水滑石及其衍生复合氧化物结构及催化性能的影响

用微波法,水热法和微波水热法合成NiCoPrLa类水滑石,并用XRD,TG,TPO,TPR,TPD和FT-IR等对NiCoPrLa类水滑石的晶相结构、热稳定性及相应的衍生复合氧化物的晶相结构、还原性能、吸附性能和抗积碳性能等进行了表征,同时以乙醇水蒸气重整制氢为探针反应考察了制备方法对NiCoPrLa类水滑石的衍生复合氧化物的初活性和选择性的影响.结果表明,制备方法影响类水滑石的结构和热稳定性,水热法制备的类水滑石结晶度较好,微波水热法制备的类水滑石具有较好热稳定性,其中微波水热法所制备的类水滑石衍生复合氧化物具有较好的催化活性和抗积炭性能,在350℃温度下乙醇转化率达到86%.     

Acid-base properties and catalytic activity of ABO3 (perovskite-type) oxides consisting of rare earth and 3d transition metals

The surface acidity/basicity of perovskite-type mixed oxides (LaCrO₃, PrCrO₃, SmCrO₃, LaMnO₃, PrMnO₃, SmMnO₃, LaFeO₃, PrFeO₃, SmFeO₃, LaCoO₃, PrCoO₃, SmCoO₃, LaNiO₃, PrNiO₃ and SmNiO₃) are reported. These properties have been correlated with the catalytic activity of these oxides towards esterification of acetic acid usingn-butanol.     

CuAl水滑石的合成及其催化活性

以Cu(NO3)2.6(H2O)和A l(NO3)3.9(H2O)为原料,NaOH和Na2CO3为沉淀剂,通过低过饱和共沉淀法合成了CuAl系列的碳酸根型水滑石,其结构经XRD,IR及TG-DTA表征。于55℃焙烧24 h后发现其复合氧化物对乙醇催化脱水、脱氢反应有一定的活性。