非均匀复合材料的动态热弹性断裂力学分析

对非均匀复合材料的动态热弹性断裂力学问题进行了研究,假设材料参数沿厚度方向为变化的,沿该方向将复合材料划分为许多单层,取每一单层材料参数为常数,应用Fourier变换法,在Laplace域内推导出了控制问题的奇异积分方程组,给出了热应力强度因子的表达式,然后利用Laplace数值反演,得出了裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子．本文的方法具有以下特点：（1）多个垂直于厚度方向的裂纹,（2）材料可以为正交各向异性：（3）考虑了惯性效应．作为算例,研究了带有两个裂纹的功能梯度结构,分析了材料参数的变化对应力强度因子的影响．     

动态载荷下功能锑度复合材料的圆币形裂纹问题

研究了动态载荷下功能梯度材料中的圆币形断纹问题,假设材料为横观各向同性,并且含有多个垂直于厚度方向的裂纹,材料参数沿轴向（与裂纹面垂直的方向）为变化的,沿该方向将材料划分为许多单层,各单层材料参数为常数,利用Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换法,在Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ哉内推导出了控制问题的对偶积分方程组,利用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ数值反演,得出一裂纺尖端的动态应力经度因子和能量释放率,研究了含两个裂纹的功能锑度接头结构,分析了材     

沿厚度非均匀复合材料的动态断裂力学研究

对于非均匀复合材料中多个裂纹的动态断裂力学问题，提出了一种分析方法，假设复合材料为正交各向异性并含有多个垂直于厚度方向的裂纹，材料参数沿厚度方向为变化的，沿该方向将复合划分为许多单层，假设单层材料参数为常数，Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换法，在Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ域内推导出了控制问题的奇异积分方程组并用虚位移原理求解，然后利用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ数值反得刺裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子和能量释放率，作为算例，研究了带有两个裂     

粘弹性胶层中Ⅰ型裂纹的动态扩展

研究粘弹性胶层中Griffith裂纹在Ⅰ型载荷作用下,裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子和能量释放率的时间响应.首先,利用积分变换方法,推导出粘弹性层的控制方程组;其次,引入位错密度函数,并结合边界条件和界面连接条件,导出反映裂纹尖端奇异性的Cauchy型奇异积分方程组,然后,应用Chebyshev正交多项式化奇异积分方程组为代数方程组,并采用Schmidt方法对其数值求解,最后,经过Laplace逆变换,求得动态应力强度因子和能量释放率的时间响应.通过对材料参数的讨论,得到动应力强度因子和能量释放率随剪切松驰参量的减小而增大,随膨胀松弛参量的减小而减小,弹性参数对其影响较小.     

功能梯度材料裂纹尖端动态应力场

研究受反平面剪切作用的功能梯度材料动态裂纹问题,通过积分变换-对偶积分方程方法推出了裂纹尖端动态应力场,时间域内的动态应力强度因子由Laplace数值反演获得,研究结果表明功能梯度材料的梯度越大,相应的裂纹问题的动态应力强度因子值越低。     

功能梯度压电/压磁双材料的周期界面裂纹问题

研究反平面载荷作用下压电/压磁双材料的周期界面裂纹问题,压电/压磁双材料由有限厚度的功能梯度压电层和功能梯度压磁层粘结而成.为便于分析,假设压电层和压磁层的材料性质沿着裂纹的法线方向呈指数变化,基于分离变量和Hilbert核奇异积分方程方法,获得应力强度因子的数值解.数值算例讨论层厚、周期带长度、梯度参数以及材料参数变动等对应力强度因子的影响.结果发现层厚以及裂纹间距的增大会降低裂纹尖端应力强度因子,梯度参数的改变对应力强度因子也有显著的影响.材料参数变动的讨论发现弹性参数的变动对应力强度因子影响最大,其次为电参数,磁参数的变动对应力强度因子影响最小.     

功能梯度材料开裂三点弯曲试件的裂纹端应力强度因子

本文利用能量释放率法计算功能梯度材料开裂三点弯曲试件的裂纹端应力强度因子。在给定力作用下算出裂纹长度为“a”和“a △a”时的二组解，解中包括集中力作用处的位移。从二组解中的相应位移改变值便可以决定出能量释放率。再从能量释放率可以算出裂纹端应力强度因子。本文用有限元方法计算开裂三点弯曲试件的位移。正因为利用了能量释放率法，即利用一种间接法来求裂纹端应力强度因子，从而可用常规有限元来解决问题。     

平行于功能梯度材料夹层的币型裂纹起裂条件

分析了功能梯度材料中币型裂纹的扩展问题.裂纹平行于无限域中功能梯度材料夹层,受有与裂纹面成任意角度的拉应力.假定功能梯度材料夹层与两个半无限域均匀介质完全粘合,其弹性模量沿厚度方向变化.采用基于层状材料广义Kelyin基本解的边界元方法分析裂纹问题,给出了均布正应力和剪应力作用下裂纹的应力强度因子.将应力强度因子耦合于应变能密度断裂判据,讨论了裂纹体在拉伸应力作用下的起裂条件.     

功能梯度板条Ⅲ型运动裂纹问题研究

现存文献关于梯度材料断裂问题的研究大都是假设材料参数为坐标的指数函数或幂函数,而其它函数形式较少采用.本文假设功能梯度材料剪切模量和密度的倒数均为坐标的线性函数,而泊松比为常量,研究功能梯度板条的反平面运动裂纹问题.利用Fourier积分变换技术和传递矩阵法将混合边值问题化为一对奇异积分方程,通过数值求解奇异积分方程获得板条运动裂纹在反平面载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子,并讨论了裂纹运动速度、裂纹相对尺寸、以及材料非均匀性对动态应力强度因子的影响,结果证明梯度参数、裂纹速度和几何尺寸对材料动态断裂行为有显著影响.     

功能梯度材料涂层平面运动裂纹分析

研究粘结于均匀材料基底上功能梯度材料涂层平面运动裂纹问题,假设功能梯度材料剪切模量和密度为坐标的指数函数,而泊松比为常数.采用Fourier变换和传递矩阵法将该混合边值问题转化为一对奇异积分方程,通过数值求解奇异积分方程组获得功能梯度材料涂层平面运动裂纹的应力强度因子.考察了结构几何尺寸、裂纹运动速度以及材料梯度参数对运动裂纹的应力强度因子的影响,发现材料梯度参数、结构几何尺寸、裂纹长度以及运动速度均对功能梯度材料动态断裂行为有显著影响.     

Dynamic response for functionally graded materials with penny-shaped cracks

This paper provides a method for studying the penny-shaped cracks configuration in functionally graded material(FGM) structures subjected to dynamic or steady loading. It is assumed that the FGMs are transversely isotropic and all the material properties only depend on the axial coordinatez. In the analysis, the elastic region is treated as a number of layers. The material properties are taken to be constants for each layer. By utilizing the Laplace transform and Hankel transform technique, the general solutions for the layers are derived. The dual integral equations are then obtained by introducing the mechanical boundary and layer interface conditions via the flexibility/stiffness matrix approach. The stress intensity factors are computed by solving dual integral equations numerically in Laplace transform domain. The solution in time domain is obtained by utilizing numerical Laplace inverse. The main advantage of the present model is its ability for treating multiple crack configurations in FGMs with arbitrarily distributed and continuously varied material properties by dividing the FGMs into a number of layers with the properties of each layer slightly different from one another. This work was supported by Failure Mechanics Laboratory of State Education Commission and the Post-doctor Research Fund of China.     

Functionally graded penny-shaped cracks under dynamic loading

Dynamic load is applied to a functionally graded material with penny-shaped cracks. The materials are also transversely isotropic depending only on the axial coordinate z. The elastic region may be regarded to consist of many thin layers such that properties are constants within each layer, but they may vary from layer to layer. Laplace and Hankel transform are used in conjunction with the stiffness matrix approach. The Dual integral equations are then obtained by application of appropriate boundary and interface conditions. Stress intensity factors are then determined in the Laplace transform domain. Inversion yields the results in the time domain. Numerical examples show that multiple crack configurations in functionally graded materials can be treated where the continuously varied material properties can be divided into a finite number of layers with different properties.     

Modeling method for a crack problem of functionally graded materials with arbitrary properties—piecewise-exponential model

A new model, piecewise-exponential model (PE model), is developed to investigate the crack problem of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) with arbitrary properties. In the PE model, the functionally graded material is divided into some nonhomogeneous layers along the gradient direction of the properties, with each layer’s properties varying exponentially. By this way, the real material properties can be approached by a series of exponential functions. Since the real material properties are used on both surfaces of each nonhomogeneous layer, the nature of continuously varying properties of FGMs can be approached accurately. The influences of the local nonhomogeneity on the crack-tip fields can be fully considered. By using the new model, the fracture problem of a functionally graded strip with arbitrary properties and a crack vertical to the free surfaces is studied. The integral transform method, the theory of residues and the theory of singular integral equation are applied. Some representative samples with different kinds of nonhomogeneous properties are analyzed and the corresponding stress intensity factors (SIFs) are presented. It is shown that the PE mode is effective for investigating the crack problems of the FGMs with arbitrary properties.     

层状饱和土Biot固结问题状态空间法

针对饱和多孔介质空间非轴对Biot固结问题，引入状态变量，构造了两组相比独立的状态变量方程，利用Fourier级数和Laplace-Hankel变换，将状态变量方程转换为两组一阶常微分方程组，提出了均质饱和多孔介质空间非轴对称Biot固结问题的传递矩阵，得到以状态变量和传递矩阵乘积的形式表示的均质饱和多孔介质空间非轴对称Biot固结问题的解，利用层间完全接触的条件，可得到N层饱和多孔介质空间非轴对称Biot固结问题的一般解析表达式，文中考虑几种不同的边界条件，分析了两个算例，数值结果表明该方法具有较高的计算精度和良好的计算稳定性。     

Dynamic fracture mechanics analysis for composite material with material non-homogeneity in thickness direction

The problem considered here is the response of a non-homogeneous composite material containing some cracks subjected to dynamic loading. It is assumed that the composite material is orthotropic and all the material properties depend only on the coordinatey (along the thickness direction). In the analysis, the elastic region is divided into a number of plies of infinite length. The material properties are taken to be constants for each ply. By utilizing the Laplace transform and Fourier transform technique, the general solutions for plies are derived. The singular integral equations of the entire elastic region are obtained and solved by the virtual displacement principle. Attention is focused on the time-dependent full field solutions of stress intensity factor(SIF) and strain energy release rate. As a numerical illustration, the dynamic stress intensity factor of a substrate/functionally graded film structure with two cracks under suddenly applied forces on cracks face are presented for various material non-homogeneity parameters.     

A crack in a piezoelectric layer bonded to a dissimilar elastic layer under transient load

Summary  A piezoelectric layer bonded to the surface of an elastic structure is considered. The piezoelectric and the elastic layers are infinite along the x-axis and have finite thickness in the y-direction. The polarization direction of the piezoelectric material is along the y-axis. By means of the method of singular integral equations, the solution in a Laplace transform plane is demonstrated. Laplace inversion yields the results in the time domain. Numerical values of the crack tip fields under in-plane transient electromechanical loading are obtained. The influence of layers thickness on stress and electric displacement intensity factors is investigated. Received 16 March 2000; accepted for publication 16 August 2000     

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.     

Hybrid graded element model for transient heat conduction in functionally graded materials

This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials (FGMs). First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest’s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.