环境友好石油炼制技术的进展

介绍了近年来国外环境友好石油炼制技术的进展, 包括生产新配方汽油和低硫、低芳烃柴油, 采用无毒无害催化剂, 减少废碱排放和提高工艺选择性。探讨了国内在上述领域里的技术开发现状。     

无机材料的仿生合成

生物矿化重要的特征之一是细胞分泌的有机基质调制无机矿物的成核和生长, 形成具有特殊组装方式和多级结构特点的生物矿化材料(如骨、牙和贝壳)。仿生合成就是将生物矿化的机理引入无机材料合成, 以有机物的组装体为模板, 去控制无机物的形成,制备具有独特显微结构特点的无机材料, 使材料具有优异的物理和化学性能。仿生合成已成为无机材料化学的研究前沿。本文综述了无机材料仿生合成的发展现状。     

无机合成与制备化学研究进展

本文从极端条件合成、软化学合成、特殊凝聚态和聚集态制备、形貌与尺寸修饰、缺陷与价态控制、组合化学合成、计算机辅助合成、理想合成与生物模拟合成等几个侧面, 阐述近年来无机合成与制备化学研究的进展。     

关于合成Ge—132所用Ge原料其残留无机锗的问题

Ｇｅ－１３２中的无机锗含量是一个重要的质量指标。它主要来自ＧｅＨＣｌ３中的ＧｅＣｌ４,而无论哪种锗原料合成Ｇｅ－１３２,ＧｅＨＣｌ３都是中间产物。与用金属Ｇｅ和ＧｅＯ２制备Ｇｅ－１３２的工艺比较,用ＧｅＯ２的盐酸溶液比用金属Ｇｅ在高温下与ＨＣｌ气反应制备ＧｅＨＣｌ３更利于降低Ｇｅ－１３２中残留的无机锗含量。     

Environmentally Friendly Techniques and Their Comparison in the Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from Green Tea,Rosemary, Clove,and Oregano

Many current food and health trends demand the use of more ecological, sustainable, and environmentally friendly techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, extraction yields and final antioxidant activities vary between sources and are highly influenced by the given extraction method and nature and ratio of the employed solvent, especially for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are well recognized as natural antioxidants with food applications. This review focused on the most common extraction techniques and potential antioxidant activity in the food industry for various natural antioxidant sources, such as green tea, rosemary, clove, and oregano. Green extraction techniques have been proven to be far more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. In general, these techniques include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, enzymes, and deep eutectic solvents, among others. These extraction methods are described here, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.     

Convenient,Efficient Synthesis of Amide-Thioethers in Ionic Liquids

An improved method for the synthesis of carboxamide ligands containing thioether donor sites is described. This replaces the pyridine as the reaction medium used in the classical method by tetrabutylammonium bromide. The desired products, 1,4-bis[o-(R-2-carboxamidophenyl)]-1,4-dithiobutane, R = quinoline (1), furan (2), thiophene (3), pyridine (4), and pyrazine (5), were obtained in good yields and shorter reaction times.     

基于微生物体系合成无机纳米材料的研究进展

无机纳米材料在能源、生物医学等领域应用非常广泛,过去几十年间关于无机纳米材料合成方法的研究一直受到广泛关注。自然界中普遍存在的生物矿化过程赋予了生物体合成含有特殊结构和功能的无机纳米材料的能力。微生物体系合成的无机纳米材料具有环境友好、成本低廉、生物相容性好等优点,正成为纳米材料科学的一个重要研究领域。我们主要聚焦于微生物体系合成无机纳米材料的机理、影响因素、材料分类及其应用,总结了近年来关于微生物体系合成无机纳米材料的研究历程,并对该领域面临的挑战及未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展

海洋污损是海洋资源开发与利用中遇到的一个国际性难题,发展环境友好海洋防污体系是该领域最重要的方向。本文综述了近年来环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展,并探讨了未来的发展方向。     

Recent Advances in Controlled Synthesis of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Semiconductor Heterostructures

It's of great importance for construction of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)/semiconductor heterostructures activated by near infrared light, which have gained worldwide research interests owing to important applications in photocatalysis, solar cells, nanomedicine, and etc. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies developed to fabricate upconversion nanoparticles based heterostructures, such as chemical epitaxial growth method, electrospinning technique, self‐assembly method, hydrothermal method, and etc. Numerous examples are given concerning the use of the strategies to fabricate various microstructures/nanostructures incorporated with UCNPs and semiconductors materials. The latest advances and perspectives in the synthetic strategies and preparation of this kind of composite nanostructures are made.     

受限介质中光化学反应的研究

提高化学反应的选择性始终是化学家关注的热点. 本工作以光Fries重排反应、Norrish/Yang光环化反应、9-取代蒽衍生物的光二聚反应以及不对称光化学反应为例, 结合近年来在受限介质中光化学反应研究的最新进展, 总结了利用受限介质控制化学反应选择性的一般规律.     

仲胺的合成方法新进展

介绍了近10年来合成仲胺的新方法,包括直接N-烷基化法,还原胺化法,苯并异噁唑类和2-羟基苯甲醛肟类的还原,三相反应法,保护-烷基化-去保护和不对称硼酸酯法。参考文献33篇。     

水相中一些有机合成反应的研究进展

水作为有机合成反应的介质具有价廉、安全、无污染、产物易于分离等优点. 综述了近年来水介质中一些有机合成反应的研究进展, 这些反应包括氧化、还原、烯丙基化、环加成、克来森、迈克尔、维悌希、缩合、偶联、自由基、有机光化学、取代等.     

Surfactants as Promising Media for the Preparation of Crystalline Inorganic Materials

Given that surfactants can control the shape and size of micro‐/nanoparticles, they should be able to direct the growth of bulk crystals. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the application of surfactants for the preparation of new crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues. The roles of surfactants in different reaction systems are discussed.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Ibuprofen and Naproxen

Herein, we review the recent progress in the synthesis of representative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen and naproxen. Although these drugs were discovered over 50 years ago, novel practical and asymmetric approaches are still being developed for their synthesis. In addition, this endeavor has enabled access to more potent and selective derivatives from the key frameworks of ibuprofen and naproxen. The development of a synthetic route to ibuprofen and naproxen over the last 10 years is summarized, including developing methodologies, finding novel synthetic routes, and applying continuous-flow chemistry.     

An Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Method for the Synthesis of Cellulose Carbamate by Microwave Heating

An efficient, solvent‐free, and catalyst‐free microwave synthesis of cellulose carbamate from a mixture of native cellulose and urea is reported. The structure of the samples are characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and NMR spectrometry. Cellulose carbamates with a nitrogen content of 0.651–2.427% are obtained by microwave heating at 255 W for 2–5 min. With the introduction of carbamate groups, the hydrogen bonding and crystalline structure of the native cellulose are partially destroyed. The products retain the cellulose I crystalline form of the native cellulose, and display good solubility in NaOH solutions.

     

Recent Advances in Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Sonochemistry: A Comprehensive Review on Iron Oxide,Gold and Iron Oxide Coated Gold Nanoparticles

Sonochemistry uses ultrasound to improve or modify chemical reactions. Sonochemistry occurs when the ultrasound causes chemical effects on the reaction system, such as the formation of free radicals, that intensify the reaction. Many studies have investigated the synthesis of nanomaterials by the sonochemical method, but there is still very limited information on the detailed characterization of these physicochemical and morphological nanoparticles. In this comprehensive review, recent advances in the sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials based on iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NP), gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and iron oxide-coated gold nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@Au NP) are discussed. These materials are the most studied materials for various applications, such as medical and commercial uses. This review will: (1) address the simple processing and observations on the principles of sonochemistry as a starting point for understanding the fundamental mechanisms, (2) summarize and review the most relevant publications and (3) describe the typical shape of the products provided in sonochemistry. All in all, this review’s main outcome will provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature knowledge that promotes and encourages future sonochemical work.     

Optimizing Dispersion,Exfoliation, Synthesis,and Device Fabrication of Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Hansen Solubility Parameters

Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) were established by Hansen in 1967 and predict miscibility between different material systems. So far, HSP theory works across polymers, crystalline bulk solids and nanomaterials and can be used to identify single solvents or, more likely, blends of solvents that deliver not only the initial solubility but also control it during reaction processes. This minireview summarizes the recent progress on HSP theory to optimize dispersion, exfoliation, synthesis, and device fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials. First, we briefly introduce HSP theory and determination of HSPs. Then, we discuss in detail the utilization of HSPs for inorganic nanomaterials, focusing on carbon nanomaterials, two-dimensional non-graphene nanomaterials, and metal oxide nanoparticles. Finally, challenges and perspectives of HSP theory in inorganic nanomaterials are reviewed.     

Emerging Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Inorganic Nanostructures

New synthetic innovations are rapidly being developed to address the demand for complex, next‐generation nanomaterials with rigorously controlled architectures and interfaces. This Review highlights key strategies for the chemical transformation and stepwise synthesis of multicomponent inorganic nanostructures, with the existing nanoscale transformations categorized into classes of reactions that are related to those used in the synthesis of organic molecules. The application of concepts used in molecular synthesis—including site‐selectivity, regio‐ and chemoselectivity, orthogonal reactivity, coupling reactions, protection/deprotection strategies, and procedures for separation and purification—to nanoscale systems is emphasized. Collectively, the resulting synthetic concept represents an emerging model for the synthesis of complex inorganic nanostructures on the basis of the guiding principles that underpin the multistep total synthesis of complex organic molecules and natural products.     

多糖化学合成研究进展

多糖是一类结构复杂的生物大分子,广泛分布于微生物、植物、动物等生物体中,参与众多重要的生命过程.然而,多糖研究一直受限于难以获得足量结构均一的多糖物质,这使得多糖的结构和功能研究及其相关的应用研究进展缓慢.近几十年来,随着糖合成技术的进步,糖的化学合成效率不断提高,人们开始关注复杂多糖的化学合成,并取得了一些进展.本文主要对多糖化学合成所涉及的糖基化方法、糖组装策略和代表性的合成工作进行综述,并对研究前景进行展望.     

异羟肟酸的合成与应用研究新进展

综述了异羟肟酸类化合物的合成及其近年来在催化氧化和高选择性络合金属离 子的应用研究新进展。