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1.
The mechanism of IR multiphoton dissociation of triethylsilane (TES) in the collision-free mode was studied. The principal unimolecular reactions are the C–Si and C–C bond rupture. The reactions of molecular elimination of CH4, C2H4, and C3H6do not play a substantial part in the mechanism of chemical transformations of TES. The spontaneous fragmentation of C2H5and (C2H5)2Si(CH2)H radicals produced by C–Si and C–C bond rupture, respectively, was shown to be feasible.  相似文献   

2.
Copper plays an important role in alkyne coordination chemistry and transformations. This report describes the isolation and full characterization of a thermally stable, copper(I) acetylene complex using a highly fluorinated bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand support. Details of the related copper(I) complex of HC≡CSiMe3 are also reported. They are three-coordinate copper complexes featuring η2-bound alkynes. Raman data show significant red-shifts in C≡C stretch of [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(HC≡CH) and [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(HC≡CSiMe3) relative to those of the corresponding alkynes. Computational analysis using DFT indicates that the Cu(I) alkyne interaction in these molecules is primarily of the electrostatic character. The π-backbonding is the larger component of the orbital contribution to the interaction. The dinuclear complexes such as Cu2(μ-[3,5-(CF3)2Pz])2(HC≡CH)2 display similar Cu-alkyne bonding features. The mononuclear [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(NCMe) complex catalyzes [3 + 2] cycloadditions between tolyl azide and a variety of alkynes including acetylene. It is comparatively less effective than the related trinuclear copper catalyst {μ-[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 involving bridging pyrazolates.  相似文献   

3.
This study focuses on the synthesis of hybrid luminescent polysiloxanes and silicone rubbers grafted by organometallic rhenium(I) complexes using Cu(I)-catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The design of the rhenium(I) complexes includes using a diimine ligand to create an MLCT luminescent center and the introduction of a triple C≡C bond on the periphery of the ligand environment to provide click-reaction capability. Poly(3-azidopropylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) (N3-PDMS) was synthesized for incorporation of azide function in polysiloxane chain. [Re(CO)3(MeCN)(5-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)]OTf (Re1) luminescent complex was used to prepare a luminescent copolymer with N3-PDMS (Re1-PDMS), while [Re(CO)3Cl(5,5′-diethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine)] (Re2) was used as a luminescent cross-linking agent of N3-PDMS to obtain luminescent silicone rubber (Re2-PDMS). The examination of photophysical properties of the hybrid polymer materials obtained show that emission profile of Re(I) moiety remains unchanged and metallocenter allows to control the creation of polysiloxane-based materials with specified properties.  相似文献   

4.
The structure and bonding properties of 16 complexes formed by trivalent f elements (M=U, Np, Pu and lanthanides except for Pm and Pr) with cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and cyclohexylisonitrile (C≡NCy) ligands, (Cp)3M(C≡NCy), were studied by a joint experimental (XRD, NMR) and theoretical (DFT) analysis. For the large La(III) ion, the bis-adduct (Cp)3La(C≡NCy)2 could also be synthesized and characterized. The metal–ligand interactions, focusing on the comparison of the actinides and lanthanides as well as on the competition of the two different ligands for M, were elucidated using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) models. The results point to interactions of comparable strengths with the anionic Cp and neutral C≡NCy ligands in the complexes. The structural and bonding properties of the actinide complexes reflect small but characteristic differences with respect to the lanthanide analogues. They include larger ligand-to-metal charge transfers as well as metal–ligand electron-sharing interactions. The most significant experimental marker of these covalent interactions is the C≡N stretching frequency.  相似文献   

5.
We developed a simple method to prepare one gold-based metallotweezer with two planar Au-pyrene-NHC arms bound by a 2,6-bis(3-ethynyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)pyridine unit. This metallotweezer is able to bind a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the π-stacking interactions between the polyaromatic guests and the pyrene moieties of the NHC ligands. The metallotweezer was also used as a host for the encapsulation of planar metal complexes, such as the Au(III) complex [Au(C^N^C)(C≡CC6H4-OCH3-p)], for which there is a large binding constant of 946 M−1.  相似文献   

6.
A new series of neutral isocyanoborato rhenium(I) diimine complexes [Re(CO)3(N^N)(CNBR3)], where N^N=bpy, 4,4′‐Me2bpy, phen, 4,7‐Me2phen, 2,9‐Me2phen, 3,4,7,8‐Me4phen; R=C6F5, C6H5, Cl, 4‐ClC6H4, 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3, with various isocyanoborate and diimine ligands of diverse electronic and steric nature have been synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray crystal structures of six complexes have also been determined. These complexes displayed intense bluish green to yellow phosphorescence at room temperature in dichloromethane solution. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes had been investigated. To elucidate the electronic structures and transitions of these complexes, DFT and TD‐DFT calculations have been performed, which revealed that the lowest‐energy electronic transition associated with these complexes originates from a mixture of MLCT [dπ(Re)→π*(N^N)] and LLCT [π(CNBR3)→π*(N^N)] transitions.  相似文献   

7.
The new alkoxysilyl-functionalized alkynes [HC≡CCH2N(H)C(=O)N(H)(CH2)3Si(OEt)3] and [HC≡C(C6H4)–N(H)C(=O)N(H)(CH2)3Si(OEt)3] have been synthesized using literature methods. These have been reacted with Fe3(CO)12, Ru3(CO)12 and Co2(CO)8. With the iron carbonyl only decomposition was observed: with Ru3(CO)12 splitting of the alkynes into their parent components and formation of the complexes (μ-H)Ru3(CO)9[HC=N(CH2)3Si(OEt)3], (μ-H)Ru3(CO)9[C–C(C6H4)NH2] and (μ-H)2Ru3(CO)9[HC–CCH3] occurred. Finally, with Co2(CO)8 formation of complexes Co2(CO)6(HC2R) R=(C6H4)NH2, CH2NH(CO)NH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3, (C6H4)NH(CO)NH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 containing the intact alkynes could be obtained.  相似文献   

8.
Isocyanoazulenes (CNAz) constitute a relatively new class of isocyanoarenes that offers rich structural and electronic diversification of the organic isocyanide ligand platform. This article considers a series of 2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene ligands (X = H, Me, CO2Et, Br, and CN) and the corresponding zero-valent complexes thereof, [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)]. Air- and thermally stable, X-ray structurally characterized 2-isocyano-1,3-dimethylazulene may be viewed as a non-benzenoid aromatic congener of 2,6-dimethyphenyl isocyanide (2,6-xylyl isocyanide), a longtime “workhorse” aryl isocyanide ligand in coordination chemistry. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic {Cr–CNAz bond distances}, cyclic voltametric {E1/2(Cr0/1+)}, 13C NMR {δ(13CN), δ(13CO)}, UV-vis {dπ(Cr) → pπ*(CNAz) Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer}, and FTIR {νNC, νCO, kCO} analyses of the [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-1,3-X2-azulene)] complexes provided a multifaceted, quantitative assessment of the π-acceptor/σ-donor characteristics of the above five 2-isocyanoazulenes. In particular, the following inverse linear relationships were documented: δ(13COtrans) vs. δ(13CN), δ(13COcis) vs. δ(13CN), and δ(13COtrans) vs. kCO,trans force constant. Remarkably, the net electron withdrawing capability of the 2-isocyano-1,3-dicyanoazulene ligand rivals those of perfluorinated isocyanides CNC6F5 and CNC2F3.  相似文献   

9.
As a candidate for bifunctional asymmetric catalysts containing a half-sandwich C–N chelating Ir(III) framework (azairidacycle), a dinuclear Ir complex with an axially chiral linkage is newly designed. An expedient synthesis of chiral 2,2′-bis(aminomethyl)-1,1′-binaphthyl (1) from 1,1-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was accomplished by a three-step process involving nickel-catalyzed cyanation and subsequent reduction with Raney-Ni and KBH4. The reaction of (S)-1 with an equimolar amount of [IrCl2Cp*]2 (Cp* = η5–C5(CH3)5) in the presence of sodium acetate in acetonitrile at 80 °C gave a diastereomeric mixture of new dinuclear dichloridodiiridium complexes (5) through the double C–H bond cleavage, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A loss of the central chirality on the Ir centers of 5 was demonstrated by treatment with KOC(CH3)3 to generate the corresponding 16e amidoiridium complex 6. The following hydrogen transfer from 2-propanol to 6 provided diastereomers of hydrido(amine)iridium retaining the bis(azairidacycle) architecture. The dinuclear chlorido(amine)iridium 5 can serve as a catalyst precursor for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone with a substrate to a catalyst ratio of 200 in the presence of KOC(CH3)3 in 2-propanol, leading to (S)-1-phenylethanol with up to an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 67%.  相似文献   

10.
Lanthanide based single molecular magnets (SMMs), particularly dysprocenium based SIMs, are well known for their high energy barrier for spin reversal (Ueff) and blocking temperatures (TB). Enhancing these two parameters and at the same time obtaining ambient stability is key to realising end-user applications such as compact storage or as qubits in quantum computing. In this work, by employing an array of theoretical tools (DFT, ab initio CASSCF and molecular dynamics), we have modelled six complexes [(η5-corannulene)Dy(Cp)] (1), [(η5-corannulene)Dy(C6H6)] (2), [(η6-corannulene)Dy(Cp)] (3), [(η6-corannulene)Dy(C6H6)] (4), [(exo5-corannulene)Dy(endo5-corannulene)] (5), and [(endo5-corannulene)Dy(endo5-corannulene)] (6) containing corannulene as a capping ligand to stabilise Dy(iii) half-sandwich complexes. Our calculations predict a strong axiality exerted by the Dy–C interactions in all complexes. Ab initio calculations predict a very large barrier height for all six molecules in the order 1 (919 cm−1) ≈ 3 (913 cm−1) > 2 (847 cm−1) > 4 (608 cm−1) ≈ 5 (603 cm−1) ≈ 6 (599 cm−1), suggesting larger barrier heights for Cp ring systems, followed by six-membered arene systems and then corannulene. DFT based molecular dynamics calculations were performed on complexes 3, 5 and 6. For complexes 3 and 5, the geometries that are dynamically accessible are far fewer. The range of Ueff computed for molecular dynamics snapshots is high, indicating a possibility of translating the large Ueff obtained into attractive blocking temperatures in these complexes, but the converse is found for 6. Furthermore, an in-depth C–H bond vibrational analysis performed on complex 3 suggests that the vibration responsible for reducing the blocking temperature in dysprocenium SIMs is absent here as the C–H bonds are stronger and corannulene steric strain prevents the C(Cp)–Dy–C(Cor) bending. As [(η6-corannulene)TM(X)]+ (TM = Ru, Zr, Os, Rh, Ir and X = C5Me5, C6Me6) are known, the predictions made here have a higher prospect of yielding stability under ambient conditions, a very large Ueff value and a high blocking temperature – a life-giving combination to new generation SMMs.

Bringing half-sandwich Dy(iii) SIMs under the umbrella of corannulene was found to offer stability, greater barrier height and may offer higher blocking temperatures.  相似文献   

11.
Non-catalysed and catalysed reactions of aluminium reagents with furans, dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans were investigated and lead to ring-expanded products due to the insertion of the aluminium reagent into a C–O bond of the heterocycle. Specifically, the reaction of [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, 1) with furans proceeded between 25 and 80 °C leading to dearomatised products due to the net transformation of a sp2 C–O bond into a sp2 C–Al bond. The kinetics of the reaction of 1 with furan were found to be 1st order with respect to 1 with activation parameters ΔH = +19.7 (±2.7) kcal mol−1, ΔS = −18.8 (±7.8) cal K−1 mol−1 and ΔG298 K = +25.3 (±0.5) kcal mol−1 and a KIE of 1.0 ± 0.1. DFT calculations support a stepwise mechanism involving an initial (4 + 1) cycloaddition of 1 with furan to form a bicyclic intermediate that rearranges by an α-migration. The selectivity of ring-expansion is influenced by factors that weaken the sp2 C–O bond through population of the σ*-orbital. Inclusion of [Pd(PCy3)2] as a catalyst in these reactions results in expansion of the substrate scope to include 2,3-dihydrofurans and 3,4-dihydropyrans and improves selectivity. Under catalysed conditions, the C–O bond that breaks is that adjacent to the sp2C–H bond. The aluminium(iii) dihydride reagent [{(MesNCMe)2CH}AlH2] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2) can also be used under catalytic conditions to effect a dehydrogenative ring-expansion of furans. Further mechanistic analysis shows that C–O bond functionalisation occurs via an initial C–H bond alumination. Kinetic products can be isolated that are derived from installation of the aluminium reagent at the 2-position of the heterocycle. C–H alumination occurs with a KIE of 4.8 ± 0.3 consistent with a turnover limiting step involving oxidative addition of the C–H bond to the palladium catalyst. Isomerisation of the kinetic C–H aluminated product to the thermodynamic C–O ring expansion product is an intramolecular process that is again catalysed by [Pd(PCy3)2]. DFT calculations suggest that the key C–O bond breaking step involves attack of an aluminium based metalloligand on the 2-palladated heterocycle. The new methodology has been applied to important platform chemicals from biomass.

Non-catalysed and catalysed reactions of aluminium reagents with furans, dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans were investigated and lead to ring-expanded products due to the insertion of the aluminium reagent into a C–O bond of the heterocycle.  相似文献   

12.
We characterized the stationary points along the nucleophilic substitution (SN2), oxidative insertion (OI), halogen abstraction (XA), and proton transfer (PT) product channels of M + CH3X (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = F, Cl, Br, I) reactions using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. In general, the reaction energies follow the order of PT > XA > SN2 > OI. The OI channel that results in oxidative insertion complex [CH3–M–X] is most exothermic, and can be formed through a front-side attack of M on the C-X bond via a high transition state OxTS or through a SN2-mediated halogen rearrangement path via a much lower transition state invTS. The order of OxTS > invTS is inverted when changing M to Pd, a d10 metal, because the symmetry of their HOMO orbital is different. The back-side attack SN2 pathway proceeds via typical Walden-inversion transition state that connects to pre- and post-reaction complexes. For X = Cl/Br/I, the invSN2-TS’s are, in general, submerged. The shape of this M + CH3X SN2 PES is flatter as compared to that of a main-group base like F + CH3X, whose PES has a double-well shape. When X = Br/I, a linear halogen-bonded complex [CH3−X∙··M] can be formed as an intermediate upon the front-side attachment of M on the halogen atom X, and it either dissociates to CH3 + MX through halogen abstraction or bends the C-X-M angle to continue the back-side SN2 path. Natural bond orbital analysis shows a polar covalent M−X bond is formed within oxidative insertion complex [CH3–M–X], whereas a noncovalent M–X halogen-bond interaction exists for the [CH3–X∙··M] complex. This work explores competing channels of the M + CH3X reaction in the gas phase and the potential energy surface is useful in understanding the dynamic behavior of the title and analogous reactions.  相似文献   

13.
C–C bond rupture upon the oxidation of alcohols in the Fe(ClO4)3+ H2O2system in aqueous acetonitrile at room temperature is found. The relative yield of the products of C–C bond rupture is 20–30% under standard conditions for C2and C3alcohols and decreases in the series C2> C3> C4> C6. The alkyl radical and carboxylic acid are the products of C–C bond rupture in alcohol oxidation. Cyclohexane is a competitive inhibiting agent for C–H bond oxidation in 1-propanol, and it does not affect the yield of the products of C–C bond rupture. When H2O2is replaced by tert-BuOOH, the fraction of the products of C–C bond rupture decreases by an order of magnitude. Our data suggest that a non-radical intermediate, likely Fe(III) hydroperoxo complex, is responsible for C–C bond rupture in alcohol under the reaction conditions.  相似文献   

14.
The equilibrium structures, binding energies, and vibrational spectra of the clusters CH3F(HF)1 n 3 and CH2F2(HF)1 n 3 have been investigated with the aid of large-scale ab initio calculations performed at the Møller–Plesset second-order level. In all complexes, a strong C–FH–F halogen–hydrogen bond is formed. For the cases n = 2 and n = 3, blue-shifting C–HF–H hydrogen bonds are formed additionally. Blue shifts are, however, encountered for all C–H stretching vibrations of the fluoromethanes in all complexes, whether they take part in a hydrogen bond or not, in particular also for n = 1. For the case n = 3, blue shifts of the ν(C–H) stretching vibrational modes larger than 50 cm−1 are predicted. As with the previously treated case of CHF3(HF)1 n 3 complexes (A. Karpfen, E. S. Kryachko, J. Phys. Chem. A 107 (2003) 9724), the typical blue-shifting properties are to a large degree determined by the presence of a strong C–FH–F halogen–hydrogen bond. Therefore, the term blue-shifted appears more appropriate for this class of complexes. Stretching the C–F bond of a fluoromethane by forming a halogen–hydrogen bond causes a shortening of all C–H bonds. The shortening of the C–H bonds is proportional to the stretching of the C–F bond.  相似文献   

15.
The spodium–π bonding between MX2 (M = Zn, Cd, and Hg; X = Cl, Br, and I) acting as a Lewis acid, and C2H2/C2H4 acting as a Lewis base was studied by ab initio calculations. Two types of structures of cross (T) and parallel (P) forms are obtained. For the T form, the X–M–X axis adopts a cross configuration with the molecular axis of C≡C or C=C, but both of them are parallel in the P form. NCI, AIM, and electron density shifts analyses further, indicating that the spodium–π bonding exists in the binary complexes. Spodium–π bonding exhibits a partially covalent nature characterized with a negative energy density and large interaction energy. With the increase of electronegativity of the substituents on the Lewis acid or its decrease in the Lewis base, the interaction energies increase and vice versa. The spodium–π interaction is dominated by electrostatic interaction in most complexes, whereas dispersion and electrostatic energies are responsible for the stability of the MX2⋯C2F2 complexes. The spodium–π bonding further complements the concept of the spodium bond and provides a wider range of research on the adjustment of the strength of spodium bond.  相似文献   

16.
Using recently synthesized [1] (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3CH(COCH3)2 (1) and (CH3O)3Si(CH2)2–Py (2) (Py=2-pyridyl), a series of homogeneous and silica-anchored rhodium carbonyl complexes were prepared. Their catalytic performance was studied in hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and methanol carbonylation.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two new phenol based macroacyclic Schiff base ligands, 2,6-bis({N-[2-(phenylselenato)ethyl]}benzimidoyl)-4-methylphenol (bpebmpH, 1) and 2,6-bis({N-[3-(phenylselenato)propyl]}benzimidoyl)-4-methylphenol (bppbmpH, 2) of the Se2N2O type have been prepared by the condensation of 4-methyl-2,6-dibenzoylphenol (mdbpH) with the appropriate (for specific reactions) phenylselenato(alkyl)amine. These ligands with Cu(II) acetate monohydrate in a 2:1 molar ratio in methanol form complexes of the composition [(C6H2(O)(CH3){(C6H5)CN(CH2)nSe(C6H5)}{(C6H5)CO}2Cu] (3 (n = 2), 4 (n = 3)) with the loss of phenylselenato(alkyl)amine and acetic acid. In both these complexes, one arm of the ligand molecule undergoes hydrolysis, and links with Cu(II) in a bidentate (NO) fashion, as confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography of complex 3. The selenium atoms do not form part of the copper(II) distorted square planar coordination sphere which has a trans-CuN2O2 core. The average Cu–N and Cu–O distances are, respectively, 1.973(3) and 1.898(2) Å. The N–Cu–N and O–Cu–O angles are, respectively, 167.4(11)° and 164.5(12)°. The compounds 1–4 have been characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, mass spectrometry, IR, electronic, 1H and 77Se{1H} NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The interaction of complex 3 with calf thymus DNA has been investigated by a spectrophotometric method and cyclic voltammetry.  相似文献   

19.
Reaction of the Schiff base ligand derived from 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde NC5H4C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2], (1), with palladium(II) acetate in toluene at 60 °C for 24 h gave [Pd{NC5H4C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}2(OCOCH3)2], (2), with two ligands coordinated through the pyridine nitrogen. Treatment of the Schiff base ligand derived from 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde N-oxide, 4-(O)NC5H4C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2], (4), with palladium(II) acetate in toluene at 75 °C gave the dinuclear acetato-bridged complex [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(OCOCH3)]2, (5) with metallation of an aromatic phenyl carbon. Reaction of complex 5 with sodium chloride or lithium bromide gave the dinuclear halogen-bridged complexes [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(Cl)]2, (6) and [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(Br)]2, (7), after the metathesis reaction. Reaction of 6 and 7 with triphenylphosphine gave the mononuclear species [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(Cl)(PPh3)], (8) and [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}-(Br)(PPh3)], (9), as air stable solids. Treatment of 6 and 7 with Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2 (dppe) in a complex/diphosphine 1:2 molar ratio gave the mononuclear complexes [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(PPh2(CH2)2PPh2)][Cl], (10), and [Pd{4-(O)NC5H3C(H)N[2′,4′,6′-(CH3)C6H2]}(PPh2(CH2)2PPh2)][PF6], (11), with a chelating diphosphine. The molecular structure of complex 9 was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis.  相似文献   

20.
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