弹性-幂硬化蠕变性材料Ⅱ型界面裂纹准静态扩展的渐近分析

建立了弹性-幂硬化蠕变性材料Ⅱ型界面裂纹准静态扩展的力学模型,求得了在裂纹表面自由和裂纹面有摩擦接触两种情况下,裂纹尖端应力场分离变量形式的渐近解．求解结果表明:Ⅱ型界面裂纹问题的应力、应变具有相同的奇异性;Ⅱ型界面裂纹尖端场不存在振荡奇异性;材料的幂硬化指数n和弹性模量比对裂纹尖端应力场幂硬化蠕变性材料区有着显著的影响,而弹性区仅受幂硬化指数n的影响,当n很大时,蠕变变形占主导地位,应力场趋于稳定,不随n的变化而变化;泊松比对裂纹尖端应力场的影响不明显．     

Ⅰ型动态扩展裂纹尖端的弹粘-理想塑性场

由于材料在扩展裂纹尖端的粘性效应的存在,考虑粘性效应并假设粘性系数与塑性等效应变率的幂次成反比,对理想塑性材料中平面应变扩展裂纹尖端场进行了弹粘塑性渐近分析,得到了不含间断的连续解,并讨论了Ⅰ型裂纹数值解的性质随各参数的变化规律．分析表明,应力和应变均具有幂奇异性,通过分析使尖端场的弹、粘、塑性可以合理匹配．对于Ⅰ型裂纹,裂尖场不含弹性卸载区．趋于极限情况时,裂纹尖端处于一种超粘性状态,并积聚了大量的能量,在各个受压应力状态下裂纹扩展．     

反平面剪切动态扩展裂纹尖端的弹-粘塑性场

采用Bingham弹性-粘塑性模型对反平面剪切动态扩展裂纹尖端的应力应变场进行了渐近分析．给出了适当的位移模式、推导了渐近方程并且给出了数值解．分析和计算表明对于低粘性情况,裂纹尖端场具有对数奇异性．对于高粘性情况,裂纹尖场具有幂奇异性A·D2对于临界情况,两种奇异性可以相互转换．揭示了粘性在裂纹尖端场研究中的重要作用．     

A Yoffe-type moving crack in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals

A Yoffe-type moving crack in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals is considered. The Fourier transform technique is used to solve a moving crack problem under the action of antiplane shear and inplane electric field. Full elastic stresses of phonon and phason fields and electric fields are derived for a crack running with constant speed in the periodic plane. Obtained results show that the coupled elastic fields inside piezoelectric quasicrystals depend on the speed of crack propagation, and exhibit the usual square-root singularity at the moving crack tip. Electric field and phason stresses do not have singularity and electric displacement and phonon stresses have the inverse square-root singularity at the crack tip for a permeable crack. The field intensity factors and energy release rates are obtained in closed form. The crack velocity does not affect the field intensity factors, but alters the dynamic energy release rate. Bifurcation angle of a moving crack in a 1D hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal is evaluated from the viewpoint of energy balance. Obtained results are helpful to better understanding crack advance in piezoelectric quasicrystals.     

泊松比对高速扩展平面应变裂纹尖端的理想塑性场的影响

在理想弹塑性材料中,高速扩展裂纹尖端的应力分量都只是θ的函数.利用这个条件以及定常运动方程,塑性应力应变关系和含有泊松比的Mises屈服条件,本文导出了高速扩展平面应变裂纹尖端的理想塑性场的一般表达式.将这些含有泊松比的一般表达式用于Ⅰ型裂纹,我们就得到高速扩展平面应变Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的理想塑性场.这个理想塑性场含有泊松比,所以,我们能知道泊松比对高速扩展平面应变Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的理想塑性场的影响.     

双I—型裂纹断裂动力学问题的非局部理论解

研究了非局部理论双中I－型裂纹弹性波散射的力学问题,并利用富里叶变换使本问题的求解转换为三重积分方程的求解,进而采用新方法和利用一维非局部积分核代替二维非局部积分核来确定裂纹尖端的应力状态,这种方法就是Schmidt方法,所得结是比艾林根研究断裂静力学问题的结果准确和更加合理,克服了艾林根研究断裂静力学问题时遇到的数学困难,与经典弹性解相比,裂纹尖端不再出现物理意义下不合理的应力奇异性,并能够解释宏观裂纹与微观裂纹的力学问题。     

弹性-应变软化粘塑性材料反平面剪切动态扩展裂纹尖端的渐近解*

本文首先给出了一种用于描述材料软化,并存在有粘塑性的材料模型.用这种模型对反平面剪切型动态扩展状态下,裂纹尖端的弹粘塑性场进行了渐近分析,给出了弹性－应变软化粘塑性材料反平面剪切动态扩展裂纹尖端的渐近解方程.分析结果表明,在裂纹尖端应变具有(ln(R/r))1/(n＋1)的奇异性,应力具有(ln(R/r))-n/(n＋1)的奇异性.从而本文揭示了应变软化粘塑性材料反平面剪切动态扩展裂纹尖端的渐近行为.     

相变增韧陶瓷平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹的渐近分析(Ⅱ)*

本文采用一种考虑相交剪切变形的陶瓷材料本构关系,对平面应变Ⅰ型定常扩展裂纹尖端场进行渐近分析.给出了裂纹尖端附近环形域内的应力、速率分布以及应力奇异性指数.对不同材料参数下的变化规律进行了详细的分析和讨论.     

Dynamic crack-tip singular stress in a cylindrically orthotropic elastic solid

Anti-plane wave motion is induced in a cylindrically orthotropicelastic solid containing a semi-infinite stress-free crack,by a point impulsive body force. First, the static version ofthe problem is solved for the fracture stress _z. Here, a globalsolution is obtained and then examined at the crack tip in orderto determine the nature of the spatial singularity. Next, thedynamic problem is treated and it is found that the dominantspatial singularity for _z at the crack tip is the same as inthe static case. However, the dynamic part of the stress intensityfactor, T, may introduce a further singularity. Several equivalentexpressions are presented for T, one of which is examined insome detail.     

不可压缩橡胶类材料裂纹尖端应力应变场*

本文对平面应变情况下不可压缩橡胶类材料裂纹尖端弹性场进行了有限变形分析.裂纹尖端场被分为收缩区和扩张区.借助于新的应变能函数和变形模式,推出了尖端场各区的渐近方程,得到了尖端场的完整描述.本文对奇异性作了讨论,得到了不可压缩橡胶类材料裂纹尖端应力及应变分布曲线,揭示了裂纹尖端应力应变场的特性.     

夹杂和裂纹的相互作用及端点相交的奇性性态分析

利用单根裂纹和单根夹杂的基本解,通过弹性力学的线性叠加原理,将平面裂纹和夹杂相互作用的问题归结为解一组带有柯西型奇异积分的积分方程组,计算了裂纹和夹杂端点的应力强度因子,给出了一些数值例子,并对夹杂和裂纹水平接触时的情形作了奇性分析,结果可作为研究夹杂尖端引起的裂纹及其扩展的工程分析的计算模型。     

A boundary element analysis for stress intensity factors of multiple circular arc cracks in a plane elasticity plate

In this paper, a numerical approach for analyzing interacting multiple cracks in infinite linear elastic media is presented. By extending Bueckner’s principle suited for a crack to a general system containing multiple interacting cracks, the original problem is divided into a homogeneous problem (the one without cracks) subjected to remote loads and a multiple crack problem in an unloaded body with applied tractions on the crack surfaces. Thus, the results in terms of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) can be obtained by considering the latter problem, which is analyzed easily by means of the displacement discontinuity method with crack-tip elements proposed recently by the author. Test examples are given to illustrate that the numerical approach is very accurate for analyzing interacting multiple cracks in an infinite linear elastic media under remote uniform stresses. In addition, the displacement discontinuity method with crack-tip elements is used to analyze a multiple crack problem in a finite plate. It is found that the boundary element method is also very accurate for investigating interacting multiple cracks in a finite plate. Specially, a generalization of Bueckner’s principle and the displacement discontinuity method with crack-tip elements are used to analyze multiple circular arc crack problems in infinite plate in tension (including: Two Collinear Circular Arc Cracks, Three Collinear Circular Arc Cracks, Two Parallel Circular Arc Cracks, Three Parallel Circular Arc Cracks and Two Circular Arc Cracks) in a plane elasticity plate. Many results are given.     

Driving force acting on a running crack

The asymptotic analysis of the dynamic crack problem for the anti‐plane shear mode is provided. The field near the crack tip is studied in detail for a nonlinear elastic incompressible material whose stored energy behaves asymptotically as a power of the first invariant of the strain tensor at large strains. It is shown that the hardening parameter characterizes fully the singularity degree of the near‐crack‐tip field. Based on the latter knowledge the driving force acting on the crack tip is calculated. Possible scenarios of the crack propagation are discussed.     

正交异性双材料的Ⅱ型界面裂纹尖端场

通过引入含16个待定实系数和两个实应力奇异指数的应力函数,再借助边界条件,得到了两个八元非齐次线性方程组.求解该方程组,在双材料工程参数满足适当条件下,确定了两个实应力奇异指数.根据极限唯一性定理,求出了全部系数,得到了应力函数的表示式.代入相应的力学公式,推出了当特征方程组两个判别式都小于0时,每种材料的裂纹尖端应力强度因子、应力场和位移场的理论解.裂纹尖端附近的应力和位移有混合型断裂特征,但没有振荡奇异性和裂纹面相互嵌入现象作为特例,当两种正交异性材料相同时,可以推出正交异性单材料Ⅱ型断裂的应力奇异指数、应力强度因子公式、应力场、位移场表示式.     

Mixed antiplane boundary‐value problem for a piecewise‐homogeneous elastic body with a semi‐infinite interfacial crack

Antiplane stress state of a piecewise‐homogeneous elastic body with a semi‐infinite crack along the interface is considered. The longitudinal displacements along one of the crack edges on a finite interval, adjacent to the crack tip, are known. Shear stresses are applied to the body along the crack edges and at infinity. The problem reduces to a Riemann–Hilbert boundary‐value matrix problem with a piecewise‐constant coefficient for a complex potential in the class of symmetric functions. The complex potential is found explicitly using a Gaussian hypergeometric function. The stress state of the body close to the singular points is investigated. The stress intensity factors are determined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于裂纹尖端二阶弹性解的断裂过程区尺度

基于Westergaard应力函数裂纹尖端二阶弹性解,推导了裂纹尖端微裂区的轮廓线和特征尺寸的解析表达式;采用幂函数模型描述的拉应变软化模型,确定了在最大拉应力强度理论和最大拉应变强度理论下断裂过程区（FPZ）临界值的解析表达式;将基于Westergaard应力函数一阶弹性解及二阶弹性解、Muskhelishvili应力函数和Duan-Nakagawa模型确定的FPZ临界值进行了比较．结果表明裂纹尖端微裂区和FPZ临界值随着Poisson比的减小而增加并逐渐趋近于应用最大拉应力强度理论确定的结果;二阶弹性解确定的裂纹尖端微裂区和FPZ临界值大于一阶弹性解的值;FPZ临界值随着拉应变软化指数的增加而增加;二阶弹性解确定的FPZ临界值的精度远高于一阶弹性解确定的值.     

线性硬化材料中稳恒扩展裂纹尖端场的粘塑性解

采用弹粘塑性力学模型,对线性硬化材料中平面应变扩展裂纹尖端场进行了渐近分析．假设人工粘性系数与等效塑性应变率的幂次成反比,通过量级匹配表明应力和应变均具有幂奇异性,奇异性指数由粘性系数中等效塑性应变率的幂指数唯一确定．通过数值计算讨论了Ⅱ型动态扩展裂纹尖端场的分区构造随各材料参数的变化规律．结果表明裂尖场构造由硬化系数所控制而与粘性系数基本无关．弱硬化材料的二次塑性区可以忽略,而较强硬化材料的二次塑性区和二次弹性区对裂尖场均有重要影响．当裂纹扩展速度趋于零时,动态解趋于相应的准静态解;当硬化系数为零时便退化为HR(Hui-Riedel)解．     

高速扩展平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场

在裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力分量都只是θ的函数的条件下,利用Tresca屈服条件、定常运动方程及弹塑性本构方程,我们导出了高速扩展平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的一般解析表达式。将这些一般解析表达式用于具体裂纹,我们就得到高速扩展Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型平面应力裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力场的解析表达式。     

Dynamic crack propagation in a 2D elastic body. The out-of plane case

We discuss the propagation of a running crack under shear waves in a rigorous mathematical way for a simplified model. This model is described by two coupled equations in the actual configuration: a two-dimensional scalar wave equation in a cracked bounded domain and an ordinary differential equation derived from an energy balance law. The unknowns are the displacement fields u = u (y, t) and the one-dimensional crack tip trajectory h = h (t). We handle both equations separately, assuming at first that the crack position is known. Existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of the wave equation are studied and the crack-tip singularities are derived under the assumption that the crack is straight and moves tangentially. Using an energy balance law and the crack tip behaviour of the displacement fields we finally arrive at an ordinary differential equation for h (t), called equation of motion for the crack tip. We demonstrate the crack-tip motion with corresponding nonuniformly crack speed by numerical simulations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

采用新方法研究非局部理论中Ⅰ-型裂纹的断裂问题

采用新的方法研究非局部理论中Ⅰ_型裂纹的断裂问题,进而确定裂纹尖端的应力状态,这种方法就是Schmidt方法·　所得结果比艾林根研究同样问题的结果准确和更加合理,克服了艾林根研究同样问题时遇到的数学困难·　与经典弹性解相比,裂纹尖端不再出现物理意义上不合理的应力奇异性,并能够解释宏观裂纹与微观裂纹的力学问题·