小卫星地面供电电缆温度监测系统设计

随着小卫星研制数量的增多,地面电缆的敷设数量越来越多,一旦绝缘老化而发生热击穿将造成很大的损失。卫星地面供电电缆的运行温度是一个重要参数,必须对其进行监视。为此,研制了小卫星地面供电电缆温度监测系统,该系统采用T型热电偶对电缆重点监测部位进行测温,并将测温数据通过温度数采盒转换为RS-485信号进行远程传输,利用工业串口服务器和以太网交换机接入测试网络,实现测温数据的便捷访问,通过基于LabVIEW开发的温度监视软件实现温度数据实时监视以及其他综合应用。最后,为了获取小卫星地面供电用电缆载流数据,进行了该类型电缆载流试验,试验数据表明了电缆温度的重要性。     

基于FBG的直流高温超导电缆失超检测

高温超导电缆输电具有损耗小、传输密度高、无电磁污染等特点,越来越受到各国的重视。但是当超导电缆发生失超故障时,产生的焦耳热会影响电缆的绝缘,使电缆无法正常运行。快速准确的失超检测就显得尤为重要。设计制作了一条高温超导电缆的模型,并搭建了高温超导电缆的测温与保护平台,采用光纤光栅测温对其失超之后铜骨架的温度变化进行测量,结合理论分析与仿真计算,论证了光纤光栅能满足对于高温超导电缆失超检测的要求。该方法具有反应速度快、结构简单的特点,可用于检测采用Triaxial结构和实心骨架的高压交直流超导电缆失超故障,为高温超导电缆的失超检测技术的实际应用提供了参考依据。     

微型太阳敏感器光学掩模的镀膜设计

太阳敏感器是空间飞行器进行姿态确定和方位测定的重要器件，传统太阳敏感器大而重，无法应用到微小卫星特别是皮纳卫星上。介绍了基于CMOS APS探测器的微型太阳敏感器的工作原理，基于黑体辐射理论和太阳光谱特性，结合CMOS APS探测器工作特性，分析给出了这种敏感器像元表面产生光电子数的计算方法，并采用Matlab软件，编程计算了地球表面太阳垂直入射条件下，探测器像元表面产生的光电子数。采用光学薄膜设计方法，分析设计了掩模表面光学薄膜的膜系结构，计算了各膜层的透射特性。在此基础上，得到了基于CMOS APS探测器微型太阳敏感器光学掩模的光学薄膜的设计方法，最后给出了设计结果。     

不同封装光纤低温测温性能研究

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感器由于具有抗电磁干扰、耐高压、可连续测温等优点,在超导电缆及相关超导电力装置中具有潜在应用场景.在超导电缆低温运行环境中,常规光纤封装材料耐低温性能差,其收缩变形会降低光纤测温性能甚至破坏光纤结构.本文对低温下不同封装光纤测温性能展开研究,选择四种光纤样品,在77～287 K温度区间内对其进行了稳态和动态温度测量实验,分析了低温下不同封装材料、结构和厚度等因素对光纤测温性能的影响,给出了适用于液氮低温测温的光纤封装材料和结构,实验验证了聚烯烃紧套光纤在时间和空间上连续测温的可行性.     

比色测温在陶瓷生产中的应用研究

针对陶瓷制品烧结过程中的在线温度检测,引入了比色测温方法。根据比色测温的原理构建了比色测温系统。提出了系统关键参数比色波长、发射/转化率的确定方法,其中重点分析和推导了波长与能量、灵敏度的关系。根据陶瓷烧结过程特点搭建了样机,并进行了测试,结果表明在1 300 K～2 000 K范围内测温误差小于10 K。     

微纳卫星COTS器件应用研究

大量采用宇航级元器件进行航天器研制的模式,由于其“成本高、研制周期长、元器件性能不足”等缺点,已经难以满足微纳卫星“周期短、成本低、集成度高”的要求。因此提出了在微纳卫星上使用COTS(Commercial off-the-shelf)器件的方法;针对微纳卫星的特点,首先分析了微纳卫星对COTS器件的需要和风险,提出了COTS器件微纳卫星应用的选用原则、选用依据;在此基础上经过分析,提出了COTS元器件微纳卫星应用流程,有针对性提出了COTS器件应用的器件级和板级筛选方法,并开展了COTS器件的微纳卫星抗单粒子效应加固设计,进一步提高COTS器件应用的可靠性。通过在轨应用验证,结果表明,通过该方法选用筛选的COTS器件,在进行有效加固后可以满足微纳卫星在轨稳定运行的要求,同时为微纳卫星降低成本缩短研制周期提供了保障。该方法对COTS器件在微纳卫星中的应用提供了一般性指导意义。     

空间电推进技术发展及应用展望

我国空间电推进技术已进入成熟和全面应用的新阶段。为进一步促进电推进技术发展,加速推动空间动力领域技术进步,采用调研、对比分析的方法,以功率为划分标准,重点结合未来空间任务对电推进的应用需求,针对电推进各技术方向的特点,从“中、微、超”3个功率区间对空间电推进进行了分类综述。总结了国内外电推进技术的发展现状和存在的不足,提出了需要攻克的关键难点,研判了发展的主要趋势,归纳了存在的共性问题,提出了未来10年空间电推进技术的发展建议,供我国卫星用户、总体单位和空间电推进专业技术单位参考。     

光纤光栅实时测温传感器在高压电缆测温中的优化设计与应用

高压电缆的温度会严重影响电缆的使用，通过表皮温度监测线芯内部温度情况，具有重要的意义。利用光纤光栅温度传感器，可以实现电缆温度的精确测量，通过分析其工作原理和解调机制，证明温度和光纤光栅中心波长具有一定线性关系。通过形状因子改进三芯电缆的标准关系，实现线芯温度与表皮温度间的方程构建，并证明其准确性。搭建光纤光栅实时测温系统，通过标定实验和误差分析，证明测温系统的有效性。通过实验验证，证明该测温系统能够有效实现高压电缆的温度测量，并对于异常状态电缆进行辨别。     

虚拟样机中电缆的建模与仿真

电缆的建模与仿真在产品开发中具有重要的应用价值，也是目前虚拟样机技术急需解决的难题。针对电缆属于柔性件的特点，提出了一种基于几何建模和物理建模的综合建模与仿真方法，其基本思路是：几何建模一长度估算一物理建模一行为仿真，如图l所示。几何建模以电缆连接列表为依据、以产品结构模型为空间约束、按照电缆布线规范，利用人机交互方式进行电缆卡箍位置规划和电缆路径规划，进而建立电缆几何模型。长度估算利用空间积分方法对几何模型进行积分得到电缆长度。物理建模将电缆几何模型离散成多个质点单元，各质点单元间通过弹簧连接，弹簧刚度和质点质量根据电缆材料和长度确定，在此基础上建立“质点一弹簧系统”的力学控制方程。行为仿真根据“质点一弹簧系统”的力学控制方程模拟电缆真实形状及插接过程。     

高温超导直流电缆系统设计及漏热分析北大核心

近年来,高温超导技术研究在输配电领域取得了显著的进展,超导电缆应用技术成为其重点发展方向。其中,冷却系统的设计是保证超导电缆输配电系统稳定运行的关键技术。针对一套高温超导直流电缆系统中的终端恒温器、电流引线和超导电缆本体等关键部件进行了漏热分析,并通过理论计算和有限元仿真,对高温超导电缆系统的热负荷进行了评估,为该系统可靠运行提供了保障。     

模块化航天器电源系统仿真研究

模块化航天器快速响应对迅速提高我国空间信息支援能力具有重大意义,所以为了快速增强我国空间实力,以快速响应为背景,对模块化航天器进行研究,首先介绍了模块化航天器及其快速集成测试方法,之后,以模块化航天器电源系统为例,通过数学模型搭建了其Simulink模型,主要对帆板面积,蓄电池容量,以及卫星在轨功率进行分析,最后,通过仿真结果验证了所建模型的准确性,为模块化航天器快速响应奠定了基础,同时提出了模块化航天器电源系统的快速响应应用模式。     

The application of the instantaneous states reduction to the orbital monitoring of pivotal arcs of the Chang’E-1 satellite

In the Chinese lunar exploration project, the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) satellite was jointly monitored by the United S-band range and Doppler and the VLBI technique. A real-time reduction of the tracking data is realized to deduce the time series of the instantaneous state vectors (ISV) (position and velocity vectors) of the CE-1 satellite, and is applied to the orbital monitoring of pivotal arcs. This paper introduces this real-time data reduction method and its application to the orbital monitoring of pivotal arcs of the CE-1 satellite in order to serve as a source of criticism and reference.     

Optical Design of a Space Retroreflector Using a Hybrid Search

Retroreflectors on satellites are used as targets for laser ranging and laser long-path absorption measurements of atmospheric trace species. To compensate for the velocity aberration, slight tuning of the design is necessary. The curvatures of mirrors, the angles between mirrors, and the direction of the retroreflector on the satellite must be tuned to optimize the optical efficiency of the retroreflector. An enumerative scheme is not applicable when the number of parameters is large. We proposed earlier a technique using a genetic algorithm for the optical design of a space retroreflector.¹⁾ In this paper, we have improved the method introducing a hybrid technique that is a combination of a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing.     

卫星激光通信发展现状与趋势分析(特邀)

卫星激光通信凭借其宽带宽以及无电磁频谱约束等特点,成为解决卫星微波通信带宽瓶颈和缓减卫星频谱资源紧张,实现卫星高速通信的有效手段。本文介绍了卫星激光通信的系统组成及特点,分析了国内外卫星激光通信技术领域的发展脉络、最新研究进展和未来发展规划。结合未来空间网络与深空探测需求,从高速化、深空化、集成化、网络化、全光化五个方面总结了未来发展趋势,并对未来涉及的关键技术进行了讨论,为我国卫星激光通信技术研究提供借鉴和参考。     

A Modified Differential Transform Method (DTM) for Analyzing Irreversibility of Heat Transfer in Flow Through a Moving Plate with Variable Temperature

In this paper, the entropy generation of a flow through a movable plate with variable temperature is studied.Suitable similarity variables are applied to transform the local entropy generation rate to entropy generation number.A modified differential transform method(DTM) with shooting method is used to obtain the similarity solution of the entropy generation. The effects of different parameters(Prandtl number, variable wall temperature) on the irreversibility(such as N_(sh), N_(sf), N_(sx)) are analyzed and discussed. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that DTM is of advantage because its numerical solution is differentiation and integration. Therefore, its analysis result is reliable and high accuracy.     

Voigt line infrared atmospheric transmittance calculations by Fourier transform

The absorption coefficient space of an i.r. atmospheric path contains the linear superposition of many Voigt spectral lines. This paper discusses the practical application of Karp's method to the simulation of satellite transmittance and radiance observations by using fast Fourier transforms on the recursively generated Voigt transforms. Although the procedure is physically straightforward, it is nonetheless computationally demanding and suited primarily to narrow isolated Q-branch regions. Performing the calculation on a 2.4 cm^-1 wide 15 μ CO₂Q-branch region demonstrates that 4% of the total absorption takes place above 0.1 mb. This absorption is in the cold mesopause and results in a 1–2% radiation deficit with its inclusion in a satellite radiation calculation.     

PN1B微小卫星激光反射器设计及激光测距试验

大气密度探测实验卫星PN1B于2015年9月在太原卫星发射中心成功发射,为了实现对该卫星星载GPS定轨数据提供检核标准及高精度测轨应用要求,依据卫星无法提供阵列结构激光反射器所需要的安装面积的限制,首次采用通光口径为10 mm的微小激光反射器按照不同的指向分布在卫星的棱边。利用TROS1000流动人卫激光测距系统对该卫星进行追踪和激光测距试验,测量结果表明激光回波数据充足,每秒平均激光回波光子数达173个,标志着此类微小激光反射器的应用将会在卫星轨道精密定轨方面发挥重要作用。     

The method and experiment analysis of two-way common-view satellite time transfer for compass system

Time synchronization between ground and satellites is a key technology for satellite navigation system. With dual-channel satellite, a method called Two-Way Common-View(TWCV) satellite time transfer for Compass system is proposed, which combines both characteristics of satellite common-view and two-way satellite-ground time transfer. By satellite-ground two-way pseudo-range differencing and two stations common-view differencing, this TWCV method can completely eliminate the influence of common errors, such as satellite clock offset, ephemeris errors, troposphere delay and station coordinates errors. At the same time, ionosphere delay related to signal frequency is also weakened significantly. So the precision of time transfer is improved much more greatly than before. In this paper, the basic principle is introduced in detail, the effect of major errors is analyzed and the practical calculation model in the Earth-fixed coordinate system for this new method is provided. Finally, experiment analysis is conducted with actual Compass observing data. The results show that the deviation and the stability of the satellite dual channel can be better than 0.1 ns, and the accuracy of the two-way common-view satellite time transfer can achieve 0.4 ns. All these results have verified the correctness of this TWCV method and model. In addition, we compare this TWCV satellite time transfer with the independent C-band TWSTFT(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer). It shows that the result of the TWCV satellite time transfer is in accordance with the C-band TWSTFT result, which further suggests that the TWCV method is a remote high precision time transfer technique. The research results in this paper are very important references for the development and application of Compass satellite navigation system.     

The Normal- and Antinormal-Ordered Decomposition Formulas of Multimode Exponential Operators

We obtain the normally ordered form of the general multimode exponential operator by means of parameter differentiation method and its antinormally ordered form by virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators.As an application,we obtain a new comp[leteness relation in n-mode Fock space.