数字化电能表检测及与“溯源”系统闭环解决方案系统研究溯源分析

为解决新型数字化电能表计量检测与“溯源”问题,通过引入“模拟式计量合并单元”、“计算型模拟标准表”、“数字合成模拟功率源”概念及设备,给出了数字化电能表“标准源比较法”、“标准表比较法”、“综合比较法”三种检测方案及其完整的标准传递/“溯源”系统,合理地把数字式电能表检测与“溯源”纳入到传统电能表标准传递/溯源系统中,使数字化电能计量完全沿用模拟计量系统,简单、科学、经济地解决了数字化电能表检测与“溯源”等技术问题。数字量与模拟量电能计量体系的统一,承继了电能计量标准传递/溯源系统不间断链接性、稳定性、严肃性并具备一定的逻辑性、合理性、严谨性,降低了数字化计量系统风险性。在数字化电能计量过程中去“数字化”是对电能计量技术的一种创新与发展。     

DC24V5A电源设计

针对部分企事业单位供电的特殊性,在市电供给突然断电的情况下,设计出24V、5A恒压源做为后备电源。此电源可以自动切换,不需人工干预,确保后续设备正常工作。经过试验证明完全满足设计要求。     

1.2MV重复频率脉冲电源的测试诊断系统

为了更好分析系统的放电特性和工作状态,优化脉冲功率源系统的设计,研制了一套1.2MV重复频率高功率微波驱动电源测试诊断系统。通过研究高电压、大电流测试技术和数据采集、信号处理、故障诊断技术,同时运用虚拟仪器和电磁兼容等技术,探索开发了一套重复频率脉冲电压电流测试诊断系统。结合系统的研制需求,通过分析各种数据采集设备的优缺点,硬件选用了凌华公司的PXI数据采集系统,软件采用LabVIEW,设计开发了重复频率快信号的采集诊断程序,研制出实时诊断系统,并在1.2MV重复频率脉冲电源系统中应用,实现了对重复频率电源关键点电压电流的测试以及数据的诊断、处理和远程在线监测,出现故障时报警、存储数据并自动断电等功能。     

半导体激光器用电流源的设计

半导体激光器(LD)是一种电流注入式电致发光器件，其工作特性和使用寿命主要取决于驱动电流源的性能优劣。本文作者设计了一种用于中、小功率LD的新型电流源，它的工作原理是电压／电流转换、电流放大和电流负反馈。输出电流在0～3Ａ范围内可连续调节，当电流分别为2A和3A时，连续5小时内的电流变化量均小于1mA，相应的电流稳定度分别为5.0×10-4和3.3×10-4。另外，该电源还具有抗击浪涌击穿、断电保护和过流保护等多种功能。与以往的电源相比，该电流源具有原理简单、稳定性好等优点，在教学、科研和生产中有很好的应用前景。     

一种基于MAX8677A和PF6290的WSN节点电源系统的设计

介绍一种无线传感器网络(WSN)中节点系统电源的设计方案。该电源系统需要为节点系统中的微处理器、无线通讯、数据采集和传感器等单元提供工作电源。该电源系统既外接220V交流,内部也有3.7V锂电池;系统工作时自动对供电方式进行对选择,并完成锂电池充电任务。电源系统具备动态电源管理功能,通过微处理器实现节点系统的低功耗休眠状态及其唤醒机制。详细地描述了该电源系统的硬件结构,给出了芯片描述和具体的电路设计图,并介绍了节点系统休眠和唤醒的软件流程。     

激光照明用驱动电源的设计

设计了一种功率可调式激光器驱动电源,包括驱动电路和温控电路,实现了对激光器的直接强度调制.采用慢启动、断电保护、过流保护等多种技术较好地提高了电源的工作性能.基于温控技术设计了一种实用的温控电路,保证激光器在较宽的温度范围内安全正常工作.通过理论分析,探讨了提高调制带宽的方法.该电源输出电流0～2 A,可以同时驱动多个并联大功率激光器,工作性能稳定可靠,具有广泛的应用价值.     

一种高稳定半导体激光器驱动电源的设计与分析

设计了一种高稳定半导体激光器驱动恒流电源,分析和讨论了集成运放负反馈型恒流源的负载、温度特性以及稳定精度。给出了LD注入电流稳定度的测量结果,LD注入电流稳定度可达10^-6,用稳定的激光器观察了充有约1．3kPa缓冲气体的自然铷的D2吸收谱线。此外,该电源还具有抗击浪涌击穿、断电保护和过流保护等多种功能。     

高分辨率多光谱数字相机电子学系统的设计

设计了一种基于多光谱技术的机载数字相机电子学系统。它包括时序产生单元、信号处理单元、信号控制单元、数据输出接口单元和数据采集存储单元等几部分。系统具有调光和行频调节功能,用以满足在不同能量状态和不同飞行高度下的成像质量。考虑到机载设备的特殊要求,对其进行了轻量化设计和机载稳定平台设计。它具有实时高速存储和实时采集数据的功能。结果表明,机载数字相机电子学系统的各种功能完全满足设计要求,为实现高分辨率探测提供了保证。     

基于图像处理技术的电能表外观检测系统

为适应智能电能表自动化检定的要求,设计了由图像处理技术完成外观检测功能的系统,实现了外观检查的自动化,解决了人工检测方法工作量大、效果不佳的问题。系统采用高性能CCD相机完成图像采集,确保图像信息丰富完整。利用图像平滑去噪、形态学处理等技术完成图像的预处理,大幅降低后续比对的难度。运用基于高斯金字塔的混合配准算法完成图像配准,最终实现待检图像与模板图像之间匹配程度的检测。该方法检测时间短,正确率高,已成功应用于省级计量中心电能表自动化检定线,满足生产需求。     

HIMM回旋加速器控制系统中连锁保护功能设计与实现

在HIMM医用重离子加速器（Heavy Ion Medical Machine）中,回旋加速器的连锁保护功能针对离子源、高频、真空、电源、冷却水等子系统的连锁要求,设计实现了设备+PLC+软件三层结构的连锁系统,并保证连锁功能在系统断电、线缆连接故障、数据传输异常等情况下的正常工作。连锁系统可实现硬连锁毫秒级、软连锁次秒级别的反应速度。整体功能在回旋调试过程中得到验证,保障了整个加速器的顺利供束。     

The dynamic characteristics of harvesting energy from mechanical vibration via piezoelectric conversion

As an alternative power solution for low-power devices, harvesting energy from the ambient mechanical vibration has received increasing research interest in recent years. In this paper we study the transient dynamic characteristics of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system including a piezoelectric energy harvester, a bridge rectifier, and a storage capacitor. To accomplish this, this energy harvesting system is modeled, and the charging process of the storage capacitor is investigated by employing the in-phase assumption The results indicate that the charging voltage across the storage capacitor and the gathered power increase gradually as the charging process proceeds, whereas the charging rate slows down over time as the charging voltage approaches to the peak value of the piezoelectric voltage across the piezoelectric materials. In addition, due to the added electrical damping and the change of the system natural frequency when the charging process is initiated, a sudden drop in the vibration amplitude is observed, which in turn affects the charging rate. However, the vibration amplitude begins to increase as the charging process continues, which is caused by the decrease in the electrical damping （i.e., the decrease in the energy removed from the mechanical vibration）. This electromechanical coupling characteristic is also revealed by the variation of the vibration amplitude with the charging voltage.     

高功率重复频率Marx型脉冲功率源小型化技术研究进展

传统的高功率重复频率脉冲功率源通常以低电压储能、升压、高压脉冲形成线、输出的顺序工作。因而系统至少包括低压储能和高压脉冲形成线两个储能环节,同时高压脉冲形成线的体积随着电压的升高快速增长。针对这些问题,课题组提出了一种高功率重复频率Marx型脉冲功率源小型化研究的设计思路和实现方式,并开展了相关技术研究。主要介绍了课题组在关键技术上取得的重要进展,包括高储能密度的储能/脉冲成形一体化技术、低抖动重复频率气体开关技术、低抖动高能触发技术、紧凑型Marx高压串叠技术等一系列关键技术。同时介绍了课题组研制的几种典型紧凑结构重复频率Marx型脉冲功率装置:同轴结构快Marx发生器、基于薄膜介质线的脉冲功率源、模块化低阻抗紧凑型Marx发生器、20 GW高功率重复频率脉冲驱动源。通过探讨关键技术研究及其发展现状,为未来脉冲功率源小型化研究的发展和应用方向提供参考。     

正负双极性直流高压充电电源设计北大核心CSCD

高压脉冲电容器是脉冲功率系统中应用较广的储能器件。根据大容量能库型脉冲装置对充电电源的技术要求,研制了一种输出电压±0.5~±10 kV可调、最大平均功率约3 kW、双极性一体化直流高压充电电源。设计上采用控制电路与正负双极性直流高压输出主电路一体化方式,通过隔离、屏蔽和保护措施,解决了目前双极性直流高压充电电源存在的正负极性电压不平衡、采样控制信号与高压地未隔离问题,减小了电源体积,提高了电源的鲁棒性、可靠性和电磁干扰能力。100多台充电电源在18.3 MJ脉冲装置中同时运行,在复杂电磁干扰环境下可靠稳定工作。     

基于自动跟踪LED驱动电压控制电路的创新设计

LED发光二极管在发光时约有80%以上的功率转化成了热能,导致LED发光二极管的PN结温度过高,这是影响LED发光二极管的发光效率与照明功能的主要因素。本文针对上述问题,结合现实情况,设计了一种自动跟踪LED驱动电压的控制电路,从串联稳流单元采样一个电压信号,与本控制电路中的基准电压相比较,产生一个控制信号,去控制所述串联稳流单元前级的开关稳压电源,使它的输出电压随LED灯的工作电压的变化而变化,不增加调整管的功耗。避免了常见的恒压驱动亮度变化大的缺陷,从而大幅度提高LED发光二极管的工作效率,该控制电路结构简单、成本低、损耗小与可靠性高。     

Flexoelectric effect driven colossal triboelectricity with multilayer graphene

Converting mechanical deformation from surrounding environment into detectable electrical signals remains one of the most attractive fields due to its potential applications in sustainable energy harvesting, self-powered sensors, and others. Presently, deformation energy is harvested by generating voltage/current through bending/twisting of piezoelectric materials, but its recyclability is limited in number. In contrast, polarization is generated in all known insulators/semiconductors due to elastic strain gradient, which offers unique electromechanical coupling and in turn, could generate significant potential differences to drive charge transfer. Here, we demonstrate that extremely high direct current with density of 28 × 10⁶ A m⁻² is generated without need of any external power supply by applying pointed force using conductive-atomic force microscope (cAFM) tip on multilayer graphene/substrate (SiO₂, Si, glass). Further, the ramp-dependent time-resolved current is measured at a localized point, which indicates that pointed force-induced flexoelectric potential differences are the main driving factor to utilize mechanoelectrical coupling and in turn generate high current density. This research work provides a new strategy to utilize the flexoelectric effect to utilize electromechanical coupling to generate giant energy harvesting, which will have a potential impact on the various multiple fields including smart devices, materials, and even a fundamental understanding of physics.     

Study of the charging circuit of a pulsed solid-state laser power supply: A new concept of high charging efficiency and realization

Based on physical theory, a new concept for achieving high efficiency in a solid-state laser power supply charging circuit is first introduced in this paper that is, from the fact that when an electron from a power source enters the energy storage capacitor, a potential drop would occur in this process. This potential drop is the essence of the energy loss in a charging circuit. If the potential drop is small, or even negligible, power supply with a higher efficiency can be achieved. According to this design theory, a highly efficient charging circuit can be obtained if a power source with a single continuous increased voltage slightly higher than that of the energy storage capacitor is employed. With the use of this proposed technique, a prototype of a pulsed YAG laser power supply with high charging efficiency and high voltage charging precision is implemented. The design idea and the experimental results are described and discussed in detail.     

纳米材料和技术在可再生能源方面的应用

纳米光子学,产生于纳米技术和光子学的交界处,处理光和物质在纳米尺度的相互作用,可以被用来产生新的效果和发展纳米尺度的器件。世界在迎接未来能源需求方面正面临巨大挑战。纳米光子学为太阳能转换提供了新的进展。在太阳能转换领域,我们正加速开展新的基于纳米光子学让太阳光子在整个光谱范围从紫外到红外有效率地被吸收和转换,并且有效率地转换为电能方面的研究（比如直接或者电化学的转换）。纳米技术也为热电和能量储存方面的研究提供了新的途径,我们正追求把它们和太阳能获取整合在一起从而提供广泛的能源解决方案。     

一种固态化瞬态强场测试平台研制

随脉冲功率技术向高重复频率、长寿命等方向发展,储能元件和开关元件在瞬态强场条件下的稳定性能检测十分必要。基于固态开关技术研制了一种百kV,μs时间尺度下的瞬态强场测试平台,主要由高压直流充电电源、初级单元、脉冲变压器、磁脉冲压缩网络、复位系统和测试腔体组成,实现了一体化结构,使用便利。首先,针对电容器测试条件,建立了完整的电路模型,详细设计了系统中各关键参量;然后,利用晶闸管组件作为初级单元控制开关,利用磁开关进行两级脉冲压缩,建立了实验装置;最后,给出了40 nF小批量陶瓷电容器的典型实验测试结果,测试电压50 kV,脉冲宽度1 μs,重复频率10 Hz,运行时间85 min（对应51 000个脉冲）,平台稳定可靠性良好,为后续开展相关测试研究奠定了基础。     

Theoretical investigations of energy harvesting efficiency from structural vibrations using piezoelectric and electromagnetic oscillators

Conversion of ambient vibrational energy into electric power has been the impetus of much modern research. The traditional analysis has focused on absolute electrical power output from the harvesting devices and efficiency defined as the convertibility of an infinite resource of vibration excitation into power. This perspective has limited extensibility when applying resonant harvesters to host resonant structures when the inertial influence of the harvester is more significant. Instead, this work pursues a fundamental understanding of the coupled dynamics of a main mass-spring-damper system to which an electromagnetic or piezoelectric mass-spring-damper is attached. The governing equations are derived, a metric of efficiency is presented, and analysis is undertaken. It is found that electromagnetic energy harvesting efficiency and maximum power output is limited by the strength of the coupling such that no split system resonances are induced for a given mass ratio. For piezoelectric harvesters, only the coupling strength and certain design requirements dictate maximum power and efficiency achievable. Since the harvesting circuitry must "follow" the split resonances as the piezoelectric harvesters become more massive, the optimum design of piezoelectric harvesters appears to be more involved than for electromagnetic devices.     

400 kW高压全固态电源实验研究

 介绍用于高功率微波器件测试的400 kW 脉冲步进调制器高压全固态电源调试和应用研究,包括当负载过荷时使系统切断高压保护速度提高到10 μs内的方法;故障时进入弧道能量的研究;通过改变接地方式对系统管体电流波形测量的影响研究。实验表明：这种原理的大功率全固态电源具有突出的抗干扰性,并且维修方便,效率高,是大功率微波器件热测台的优选方案。