基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断技术

文章提出了一种基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断方法:通过分析被测电路的冲激响应来识别电路中的故障元件,利用小波理论中的多分辨率分析的方法提取出相应信号中的故障特征,组成特征向量后输入神经网络进行训练,实现故障诊断;该方法减少了神经网络的输入、简化了其结构、并缩短了训练和处理时间,文中分别用小波神经网络和传统的BP神经网络对实例电路进行故障诊断,仿真结果发现:小波神经网络相比BP网络方法收敛速度更快,诊断率更高。     

基于拉普拉斯分值和超球支持向量机的轴承故障诊断方法设计

针对轴承振动信号中的故障信息往往很微弱,同时振动样本数据分布不平衡即故障样本占总样本数的比例低,从而导致故障诊断模型训练不精确而影响诊断精度的问题,提出了一种基于拉普拉斯分值和超球大间隔支持向量机的故障诊断方法。首先,采用有标签的训练样本数据和拉普拉斯分值法提取原始振动信号中的微弱故障信息,并降低其数据维数,从而得到用于故障诊断的特征向量,然后设计了一种改进的超球大间隔支持向量机的故障诊断模型,通过最小化超球体积和最大化超球边界和故障样本之间的间隔来实现故障诊断,以解决样本的不均衡问题,最终通过将测试样本数据代入决策方程并通过投票机制确定其故障类别。在Matlab环境下对轴承故障诊断进行实验,实验结果证明了文中方法能有效解决样本的不均衡情况下的故障诊断,且相对其它方法,具有诊断精度高和收敛速度快的优点。     

基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法

提出了一种基于粒子滤波状态估计的滚动轴承故障识别方法,该方法主要包括故障模型建立和故障识别两个步骤。在故障模型建立部分,首先依据滚动轴承不同故障状态下的振动信号,建立对应的自回归模型,作为故障模型;在故障识别部分,将正常状态下对应的模型,转化为状态空间模型,设计粒子滤波器,然后对不同的故障状态进行估计,提取其残差的相关特征,并结合模型参数特征应用BP神经网络识别算法进行故障识别。最后以美国凯斯西储大学的滚动轴承振动数据为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于LM-BP神经网络的气阀故障诊断方法

提出一种基于LM（Levenberg-Marquardt）算法优化的 BP (Back Propagation)神经网络的多级往复式压缩机压缩机气阀故障诊断方法。以6M25-185/314氢氮气压缩机的 6级压差和6级温差作为网络的输入向量,建立可对往复式压缩机一至六级气阀故障进行在线监测及故障诊断的LM-BP神经网络模型。以100组故障数据作为网络训练样本,30组数据作为网络检测样本进行故障诊断,结果表明,LM-BP神经网络相比于变梯度BP神经网络和RBF神经网络诊断更快速稳定且准确率达到96%以上。利用Matlab软件平台建立的LM-BP 神经网络故障诊断模型,模型简单便于在工程实际中应用。     

提升小波包和改进BP神经网络相融合的新故障诊断算法

针对传统的小波变换和BP神经网络应用于故障诊断中存在自适应性差、效率低等问题,提出一种提升小波包和改进BP神经网络相融合的新故障诊断算法;利用插值细分思想,设计了提升小波包的预测算子和更新算子,结合传统小波包算法和提升模式的原理,完成了提升小波包算法的设计,并将该算法应用于故障信号的消噪和能量特征量的提取;利用遗传算法优化标准BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,采用L-M算法优化标准BP神经网络的搜索方式;以美国凯斯西储大学提供的滚动轴承实验数据,将新算法应用于实验中,分析结果表明:新故障诊断算法比传统的BP神经网络算法具有收敛速度快、诊断精度高等实效性。     

基于BP神经网络的卫星故障诊断方法

为了有效地利用卫星下传的海量遥测数据,在测试过程中对卫星进行实时的故障诊断,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的卫星故障诊断方法;该方法包括离线自主学习和实时在线故障诊断两部分;离线自主学习部分基于历史数据库和更新样本进行自主学习,学习获得神经网络模型存储于知识库;实时在线故障诊断部分依据相应的神经网络模型,对遥测数据进行实时在线的诊断;为了验证基于BP神经网络的卫星故障诊断方法的有效性和优越性,以现有型号三轴稳定近地卫星控制分系统为实验对象,利用该方法对具有代表性的红外地球敏感器和动量轮的相关遥测数据进行分析;通过将该方法的实验结果与基于Kalman滤波的方法的实验结果进行对比分析,表明该方法能够有效地对卫星的故障进行诊断。     

可见/近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别航天育种番茄

提出了利用可见/近红外光谱技术快速无损鉴别航天育种番茄品种的方法,采用偏最小二乘法对光谱特征信息进行提取,与神经网络结合建立番茄品种的鉴别模型.该模型将提取后的主成分作为神经网络的输入,加速了神经网络的训练速度.同时采用小波变换对大量光谱数据进行压缩,并结合神经网络建立番茄品种鉴别模型,该模型将压缩后的数据作为神经网络...     

基于SOM算法和免疫神经网络的飞机燃油系统故障诊断

针对传统的飞机燃油系统故障诊断方法如硬件冗余方法和系统模型检测方法存在的飞机重量限制和难以建立精确数学模型的问题,设计了一种基于SOM算法和BP神经网络的故障诊断模型;首先,建立了系统故障诊断模型并对诊断原理进行了描述,然后,对故障征兆数据进行预处理,即先采用SOM算法进行连续属性离散化处理,再通过粗糙集互信息方法进行属性降维,以减少数据量和提高诊断效率;最后,建立了基于BP神经网络的故障诊断模型,为了进一步提高故障诊断精度,在采用免疫优化算法对BP神经网络故障诊断模型中的各参数即权值和阈值等进行优化的基础上,进一步采用BP反向传播算法进行参数调整,从而得到最终的故障诊断模型。通过飞机燃油系统故障诊断实例仿真实验证明了文中方法能较为精确地实现故障诊断,且与其它方法相比,具有较高的诊断精度和诊断效率,具有较大的优越性。     

基于并行禁忌神经网络和DS证据的飞机燃油系统故障诊断

飞机燃油系统是一个由许多相互联系的子系统构成的复杂总体,因而易于发生各类故障,当故障发生时会造成严重影响,为此,设计了一种基于禁忌神经网络和DS证据的飞机燃油系统故障诊断方法;首先,建立了飞机燃油系统的故障诊断模型,然后,建立了3层的BP神经网络故障诊断模型,并采用禁忌优化算法对BP神经网络进行参数优化,得到多个并行诊断的禁忌神经网络,输入样本数据对其训练并利用BP反向传播算法再次调优;最后将测试样本数据输入各禁忌神经网络,并将诊断结果作为证据采用DS证据理论进行融合,得到最终的故障诊断结果;实验结果表明:引入DS证据理论的故障诊断方法能有效克服单一故障诊断方法无法精确诊断故障的不足,诊断精度高,具有较大的优越性。     

基于AR模型与神经网络的核爆与闪电电磁脉冲信号识别

 对平稳随机信号功率谱估计的AR模型,分别利用自相关函数法和Burg算法求该模型系数,作为核爆炸和闪电电磁脉冲信号的特征值;采用BP神经网络作为分类器以及不同的隐含层数和隐含层节点数,对核爆和闪电电磁脉冲实测数据进行识别研究。结果表明：AR参数模型法对两类信号特征值提取是非常有效的,采用Burg算法来求AR模型参数,其特征值提取效果优于自相关函数法。     

Comparisons of MFDFA,EMD and WT by Neural Network,Mahalanobis Distance and SVM in Fault Diagnosis of Gearboxes

A method for gearbox fault diagnosis consists of feature extraction and fault identification. Many methods for feature extraction have been devised for exposing nature of vibration data of a defective gearbox. In addition, features extracted from gearbox vibration data are identified by various classifiers. However, existing literatures leave much to be desired in assessing performance of different combinatorial methods for gearbox fault diagnosis. To this end, this paper evaluated performance of several typical combinatorial methods for gearbox fault diagnosis by associating each of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform (WT) with each of neural network (NN), Mahalanobis distance decision rules (MDDR) and support vector machine (SVM). Following this, performance of different combinatorial methods was compared using a group of gearbox vibration data containing slightly different fault patterns. The results indicate that MFDFA performs better in feature extraction of gearbox vibration data and SVM does the same in fault identification. Naturally, the method associating MFDFA with SVM shows huge potential for fault diagnosis of gearboxes. As a result, this paper can provide some useful information on construction of a method for gearbox fault diagnosis.     

Fusion Domain-Adaptation CNN Driven by Images and Vibration Signals for Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox Cross-Working Conditions

The vibration signal of gearboxes contains abundant fault information, which can be used for condition monitoring. However, vibration signal is ineffective for some non-structural failures. In order to resolve this dilemma, infrared thermal images are introduced to combine with vibration signals via fusion domain-adaptation convolutional neural network (FDACNN), which can diagnose both structural and non-structural failures under various working conditions. First, the measured raw signals are converted into frequency and squared envelope spectrum to characterize the health states of the gearbox. Second, the sequences of the frequency and squared envelope spectrum are arranged into two-dimensional format, which are combined with infrared thermal images to form fusion data. Finally, the adversarial network is introduced to realize the state recognition of structural and non-structural faults in the unlabeled target domain. An experiment of gearbox test rigs was used for effectiveness validation by measuring both vibration and infrared thermal images. The results suggest that the proposed FDACNN method performs best in cross-domain fault diagnosis of gearboxes via multi-source heterogeneous data compared with the other four methods.     

基于SA-WNN模型的水电机组故障诊断研究

针对水电机组振动故障征兆和故障类型的非线性特性及传统小波网络在故障诊断中的缺陷,设计了一种基于模拟退火算法的小波神经网络(SA-WNN)故障诊断模型。将SA-WNN诊断模型应用到水电机组四种典型故障,验证其可行性。实例结果表明,与传统小波网络相比,基于模拟退火算法优化的小波神经网络训练次数少,收敛精度高,为水电机组故障诊断提供了新途径。     

A wavelet approach to fault diagnosis of a gearbox under varying load conditions

Varying load can cause changes in a measured gearbox vibration signal. However, conventional techniques for fault diagnosis are based on the assumption that changes in vibration signal are only caused by deterioration of the gearbox. There is a need to develop a technique to provide accurate state indicator of gearbox under fluctuating load conditions. This paper presents an approach to gear fault diagnosis based on complex Morlet continuous wavelet transform under this condition. Gear motion residual signal, which represents the departure of time synchronously averaged signal from the average tooth-meshing vibration, is analyzed as source data due to its lower sensitiveness to the alternating load condition. A fault growth parameter based on the amplitude of wavelet transform is proposed to evaluate gear fault advancement quantitatively. We found that this parameter is insensitive to varying load and can correctly indicate early gear fault. For a comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of other measures such as kurtosis, mean, variance, form factor and crest factor, both of residual signal and mean amplitude of continuous wavelet transform waveform, are also discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed fault indicator is demonstrated using a full lifetime vibration data history obtained under sinusoidal varying load.     

ARX model-based gearbox fault detection and localization under varying load conditions

The development of the fault detection schemes for gearbox systems has received considerable attention in recent years. Both time series modeling and feature extraction based on wavelet methods have been considered, mostly under constant load. Constant load assumption implies that changes in vibration data are caused only by deterioration of the gearbox. However, most real gearbox systems operate under varying load and speed which affect the vibration signature of the system and in general make it difficult to recognize the occurrence of an impending fault.This paper presents a novel approach to detect and localize the gear failure occurrence for a gearbox operating under varying load conditions. First, residual signal is calculated using an autoregressive model with exogenous variables (ARX) fitted to the time-synchronously averaged (TSA) vibration data and filtered TSA envelopes when the gearbox operated under various load conditions in the healthy state. The gear of interest is divided into several sections so that each section includes the same number of adjacent teeth. Then, the fault detection and localization indicator is calculated by applying F-test to the residual signal of the ARX model. The proposed fault detection scheme indicates not only when the gear fault occurs, but also in which section of the gear. Finally, the performance of the fault detection scheme is checked using full lifetime vibration data obtained from the gearbox operating from a new condition to a breakdown under varying load.     

基于GA-BP的移动通信设备故障诊断

针对通信设备故障发生随机性强,影响因素多,对应的故障诊断有高度非线性和不确定性的特点,采用BP神经网络算法,优化的GA-BP神经网络算法和POS-BP神经网络算法分别搭建基站设备故障诊断模型,提取设备故障历史数据进行MATLAB仿真,准确预测设备故障类型,帮助提高代维公司调度管理的智能化水平,提高基站设备运维的执行效率。仿真结果表明：本文的BP,GA-BP和POS-BP神经网络算法都能够实现设备故障类别的预测,且GA-BP神经网络算法相比BP和POS-BP神经网络算法对通信设备故障诊断有更好的适应性。     

基于免疫遗传算法改进的BP神经网络在灭火系统电路板故障诊断中的应用

针对装甲车辆灭火系统电路板规模较大,功能日趋多样与完善的同时,其复杂程度也日益提高,故障层次越来越多,故障现象与故障原因的映射关系更加复杂,组合故障频发,传统的故障诊断方法已不能满足灭火系统电路板故障诊断的要求。设计了基于免疫遗传算法优化的BP神经网络对灭火系统电路板进行故障诊断,并在免疫和遗传过程中保留了部分训练最优解。实现了神经网络收敛速度的提高,使用Matlab编程优化算法并完成了电路板仿真故障的诊断。通过实验验证了该诊断模型的准确性和可靠性,为电气系统通用检测设备的神经网络诊断方法实现提供了理论支撑。     

Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis for Robot Joint Based on Deep CNN

This paper proposes a data-driven method-based fault diagnosis method using the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The DCNN is used to deal with sensor and actuator faults of robot joints, such as gain error, offset error, and malfunction for both sensors and actuators, and different fault types are diagnosed using the trained neural network. In order to achieve the above goal, the fused data of sensors and actuators are used, where both types of fault are described in one formulation. Then, the deep convolutional neural network is applied to learn characteristic features from the merged data to try to find discriminative information for each kind of fault. After that, the fully connected layer does prediction work based on learned features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed deep convolutional neural network model, different fault diagnosis methods including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), conventional neural network (CNN) using the LeNet-5 method, and long-term memory network (LTMN) are investigated and compared with DCNN method. The results show that the DCNN fault diagnosis method can realize high fault recognition accuracy while needing less model training time.