CaO—Al2O3—SiO2熔渣的作用浓度计算模型

根据相图和炉渣结构的共存理论，推导了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２渣系作用浓度的计算模型，计算的ＮＣａＯ和ＮＳｉＯ２与相应的实测αＣａＯ和αＳｉＯ２基本符合，从而证明所得模型可以反映本渣系的结构本持。与此同时，还发现生成正硅酸盐（２ＣａＯ．ＳｉＯ２）的碱度因Ａｌ２Ｏ３的增加而变大的事实和本渣系有Σｎ较小的活跃部分。     

Fe－C－O三元金属熔体作用浓度计算模型

根据含化合物的金属熔体结构的共存理论，推导了Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｏ金属熔体作用浓度计算模型。计算的Ｎｏ′与相应的实测αｏ相符合，从而证明所得模型可以反映Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｏ金属熔体的结构本质。     

CaO－Al_2O_3－SiO_2熔渣的作用浓度计算模型

根据相图和炉渣结构的共存理论，推导了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２渣系作用浓度的计算模型，计算的ＮＣａＯ和ＮＳｉＯ２与相应的实测αＣａＯ和αＳｉＯ２基本符合，从而证明所得模型可以反映本渣系的结构本质。与此同时，还发现生成正硅酸盐（２ＣａＯ·ＳｉＯ２）的碱度因Ａｌ２Ｏ３的增加而变大的事实和本渣系有∑ｎ较小的活跃部分。     

CaO-SiO_2渣系作用浓度的计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论和CaO-SiO_2渣系相图制定了不同温度区间的作用浓度计算模型。在炼钢温度下计算结果表明,考虑2个硅酸盐(CaSiO_3和Ca_2SiO_4)或3个硅酸盐(CaSiO_3,Ca_2SiO_4和Ca_3SiO_5)的计算模型都是合用的。比较不同计算方案结果证明,用本文回归所得的热力学数据比用文献数据更能符合实际,所以对文献数据应进一步研究。硅酸盐作用浓度的最大值与相图中固液相同成分熔点的位置一致,说明硅酸盐对本渣系的熔点具有极为重要的影响,炉渣总质点数随碱度而变化中出现最小值的原因是炉渣中进行了多个结构质点结合成一个分子的反应。     

CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-Cu2O渣系作用浓度计算模型

基于炉渣结构共存理论,建立1 523～1 733 K时的CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-Cu2O五元渣系作用浓度计算模型,对成分(质量分数)波动范围为CaO 5%～20%,FeO 5%～50%,Cu2O 5%～25%,SiO2 5%～45%,Fe2O3 5%～70%的炉渣,计算1 523和1 573 K时的各组元作用浓度,考察碱度和温度对活度系数和的影响,并对所得数据进行非线性回归分析.研究结果表明,理论计算值与文献实测值之间的相对误差小于10%,且随渣含铜增加呈直线上升的趋势一致,说明模型能较好地反映本渣系的结构本质;CaO能降低炉渣的溶铜能力,增强炉渣的溶铁能力.该模型的建立为采用铁酸钙渣系的炼铜新工艺热力学研究提供了理论依据.     

MnO-SiO_2渣系作用浓度的计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论用回归分析法确定了MnSiO_3和Mn_2SiO_4是存在于MnOSiO_2渣系中且参加其内部化学反应的组元。由此得出本渣系的结构单元为Mn~(2+),O~(2-)简单离子和SiO_2,Mn_2SiO_3,Mn_2SiO_4分子,进而推导出本渣系各组元作用浓度的计算模型。 在1600℃下计算的N_(MnO)与实测a_(MnO)一致;但在高MnO含量和低温度下两者间表现出差别,这是由于MnO-SiO_2渣系中出现两相共存的现象,使系统远离平衡所致。     

Fe—Al系金属熔体作用浓度的计算模型

根据含化合物金属熔体的共存理论和Fe-Al系相图,用回归分析法确定了Fe-Al系金属熔体在1315℃和1600℃时的结构单元,进而推导了各组元的作用浓度模型。将计算的N_(Fe),N_(Al)和实测的活度值α_Fe,α_Al相比较,得到了比较满意的结果。     

Pitzer理论在CaSO_4-Ca(OH)_2-H_2O系硫酸根平衡浓度计算中的应用

利用Pitzer理论,通过C++语言编程,计算了不同pH条件下CaSO4-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系中硫酸根的平衡浓度,考察Na+对该体系硫酸根平衡浓度的影响。计算结果表明:当pH为3.0～10.0时,SO42-的平衡浓度最小,基本维持一恒定值0.0152mol/L,当pH高于12.0时,SO42-的平衡浓度显著增大,且体系中Na+存在时溶液中SO42-的平衡浓度增大,但SO42-平衡浓度的变化规律与无Na+时的变化规律基本一致。     

Fe—C—O三元金属熔体作用浓度计算模型

根据含化合物的金属熔体结构的共存理论，推导了Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｏ金属熔体作用浓度计算模型。计算的Ｎｏ与相应的实测ａ０相符合，从而证明所得模型可以反映Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｏ金属熔体的结构本质。     

Applicability of mass action law to sulphur distribution between slag melts and liquid iron

According to the mass action law and the coexistence theory of slag structure, the calculating models of mass action concentration for CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂,CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO₂ and CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO₂ slag melts are formulated and sulphur distribution between the slag melts and liquid iron is treated. It is found that CaO, MnO and FeO promote desulphurization, while MgO is detrimental to desulphurization. In addition, the sulphur distribution coefficients between the slag melts and liquid iron are presented.     

基于原子和分子共存理论的Al--Ti熔体反应能力表征

基于原子和分子共存理论建立计算Al- Ti二元合金系结构单元质量作用浓度的热力学模型。利用文献报道的2073、2173和2273 K下Al-Ti二元系的活度计算了生成Al3 Ti、AlTi和Al11 Ti5反应的平衡常数,并进一步得到其标准摩尔吉布斯自由能的表达式。使用文献报道的不同温度下Al-Ti二元合金系全浓度范围内组元Al和Ti的活度aAl和aTi与原子和分子共存理论定义的质量作用浓度NAl和NTi进行比较。结果表明：在Al-Ti二元合金熔体全浓度范围内计算得到的质量作用浓度NAl和NTi与文献报道的活度符合很好。同时,计算得到的Al-Ti二元合金系中结构单元Al3 Ti和Al11 Ti5的平衡物质的量与其质量作用浓度的关系呈“棒状”,而结构单元AlTi的平衡物质的量与其质量作用浓度的关系呈“纺锤”形。     

HNO_3-UO_2(NO_3)_2-H_2O体系活度系数的关联和预测

用Ｃｌｅｇｇ－Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程关联了ＨＮＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ和ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２－Ｈ２Ｏ单一电解质水溶液离子 平均活度系数。在此基础上考察了有无混合参数对ＨＮＯ３－ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２－Ｈ２Ｏ非对称混合电解质 水溶液体系的关联和预测功能的影响，并与原Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程进行了比较。结果表明，Ｃｌｅｇｇ－Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ 方程在电解质浓度适用范围及预测精度方面均优于原Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程。     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO_4-H_2O and NaF-H_2O binary solutions and NaClO_4-NaF-H_2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same components change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions agree well with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities in a total ionic strength range from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/kg H2O by the 0.1 mol/kg step with different ionic strength fractions of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed thermodynamic model can reveal the structural characteristics of binary and ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions, and the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples also strictly follow the mass action law.     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions and NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same components change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions agree well with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities in a total ionic strength range from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/kg H₂O by the 0.1 mol/kg step with different ionic strength fractions of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed thermodynamic model can reveal the structural characteristics of binary and ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions, and the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples also strictly follow the mass action law.