Neutral lipids ofXanthium strumarium seeds

Chemical, chromatographic, and spectral methods are used for the first time to analyze neutral lipids, ordinary and hydroxylated fatty acids, and lipophilic components ofXanthium strumarium L. seeds.S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (99871) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 103–105, March–April, 2000.     

Compositions of the lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled from different parts of the body

The composition of the total, the neutral, and the polar lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled (Gmelin) from different parts of the body — the white muscles of the back and abdomen, the red muscles, the brain, the internal organs, and the fish as a whole — have been studied. The amounts of lipids in these sections were 6.6, 16.1, 20.1, 13.8, 40.0, and 8.4%, respectively. It has been shown that the total and neutral lipids are similar with respect to the main groups of lipids, the bulk of them being represented by triacylglycerols (76.0–82.6%) and phospholipids (2.8–5.8%). The composition of the phospholipids depended substantially on their localization. In the lipids of the white muscles of the back, with a low level of choline-containing lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin predominated. The lipids of the viscera were distinguished by a high content of sphingomyelin. A high level of choline-containing lipids and cerebrosides was found in the tissues of the brain.Tumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January–February, 1985.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae III. The lipid composition ofVerticillium dahliae

Summary The compositions of the neutral lipids of the mycelium and of the culture liquid from the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been investigated for the first time. The fatty-acid compositions of the main lipid fractions and the glyceride composition of the triglyceride fraction have been determined. The main acids of all the fractions are the 16:0 and 18:1 acids and in the triglyceride fraction, additionally, the 18:2 acid. Diisobutyl phthalate has been found in the combined neutral lipids of the fungal mycelium.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University, Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 431–435, July–August, 1976.     

Lipids ofSilene brahuica

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex of the epigeal part ofSilene brahuica Boiss. (family Caryophyllaaceae) have been studied. The fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids has been determined. Some differences have been found in the compositions of the fatty acids of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 512–514, July–August, 1993.     

Lipids ofCalendula officinalis

The lipids of the seeds and of extracts of the leaves and flowers ofCalendula officinalis L., fam. Asteraceae, have been analyzed. The amount of neutral lipids in the seeds was 15.7%, that of phospholipids 0.6%, and that of glycolipids 0.9%. Among the fatty acids of the neutral lipids of the seeds, in addition to the usual components, we found the 183 (trans-8, trans-10, cis-12) acid that is characteristic for the Calendulae tribe.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 298–301, May–June, 1998.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofPleurotus ostreatus

The composition of the fruiting body ofPleurotus ostreatus has been studied. The total neutral lipids and phospholipids have been isolated. In the neutral lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol and triterpenol esters predominated. In the phospholipids, the main components were phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines. The qualitative compositions of the sugars and the pectin are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 74. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 362–364, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted June 20, 1994.     

Essential oil and lipids from the cone berries ofJuniperus seravschanica

Essential oil and neutral lipids from the cone berries ofJuniperus seravschanica Kom. have been characterized for the first time. Fifty six components comprising 96.5% of the essential oil were identified; a-pinene (29.0%), -myrcene (17.9%), germacrene B (5.9%), and cedrol (3.1%) dominated; 5 classes of neutral lipids were found with a high content of the fatty acids 22:2 (10,13), 22:1 (13), and 18:2 (9,12).Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, 445–448, July–August, 1999.     

Lipids ofGossypium mexicanum

The surface lipids of the coat and the lipids of the kernel of the seeds of a wild form of the medium-fibered cotton plantGossypium mexicanum var.nervosum have been studied in comparison with cultured species. Using the methods of CC, TLC, and GLC, and UV and mass spectrometry, in the cuticular lipids ofG. mexicanum three classes of neutral lipids have been detected, and in the kernel lipids 10 classes of neutral lipids, 2 classes of glycolipids, and 7 classes of phospholipids. The structures of the epoxyacyl-, hydroxyacyl-, and diacylglycerols of the kernel have been established. The greatest differences between the seeds of the wild form of the cotton plant and the cultured species are the greater weight of the seed coat, the presence in it of a considerable amount of the 18:1 and of medium-molecular-weight fatty acids, and a higher level in the kernel of gossypol pigments, polar lipids, and acylglycerols containing the 18:2 acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 57–62, January–February, 1987.     

Lipids ofGlycyrrhiza glabra roots

A petroleum ether extract ofGlycyrrhiza glabra L. roots was investigated. The extract contains 70% neutral lipids and 30% polar lipids. Hydrocarbons, sterols esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free sterols, and diacylglycerols were identified. The fatty acid contents of all of the acyl-containing lipids were determined. Fourteen fatty acids were identified; the 18 2 fatty acid prevails among the unsaturated acids, and the 16 0 acid prevails among the saturated acids.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 367–370, February, 1995.     

Lipids ofHeracleum lehmannianum seeds

The lipid complex of the seeds ofHeracleum lehmannianum B. has been studied. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospho- and glycolipids, and the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids have been determined. It has been shown that the neutral and the polar lipids differ considerably from one another with respect to the level of certain fatty acids. The position-species compositions of the TAGS and of the main components of the phospholipids have been calculated from the results of lipolytic hydrolysis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 10–14, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted June 12, 1995.     

Lipids and essential oil ofOriganum onites

Neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, pigments, and essential oil of the above-ground part ofOriganum onites L. (Lamiaceae) are isolated and characterized for the first time. The fatty-acid composition of the lipids and the components of the hydrocarbons, sterols, and essential oil are determined by GC/MS. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominate in the acids of the lipids. The main components of the hydrocarbons are nonacosane; of the sterols, \-sitosterol; of the pigments, chlorophylls a and b. A total of 54 components are identified in the essential oil.Presented at the IIIrd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 19–22 December, 1998.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 106–109, March–April, 2000.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae. IV. Influence of the source of carbon on the lipid composition of the fungusVerticillium dahliae

Summary The compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty-acid compositions ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. grown in a fermenter with various sources of carbon-containing nutriment have been studied. It has been shown that the capacity of the fungus for synthesizing lipids and the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty acids change according to the source of carbon-containing nutriment. Under the conditions of growth of the fungus in a fermenter, in some cases the formation of linolenic acid and of saturated iso acids is observed.It has been established that whenV. dahliae is grown on sucrose, the neutral lipids of the fungus include a chlorine-containing compound. The chlorine in the initial oil has been determined quantitatively.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1977.     

Lipids ofZizyphus jujuba

The acyl-containing classes of neutral lipids have been studied and the amounts of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition have been determined in the pericarps and seeds ofZizyphus jujuba. The fatty oil of the seeds contains oleic acid while in the neutral lipids of the pericarps the main acid is the biologically active palmitoleic. In the qualitative respect, the set of phospholipids in the seeds is more diverse, while the main classes quantitatively in both parts of the fruit are phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols. The phospholipids of the pericarps are more saturated than those of the seeds.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 21–24, January–February, 1990.     

Fatty Acids from the Sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tedania dirhaphis</Emphasis>

The fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids from the marine sponge Tedania dirhaphis from the Sea of Okhotsk was studied. GC and GC-MS identified 50 acids, particular attention being paid to components with 14–22 C atoms. Acids 16-Me-19:0, 10,14-Me₂-15:1(Δ6), 18:1(Δ6), 18:1(Δ8), and 22:1(Δ16) were observed and identified for the first time in sponges. The main FA in lipids from T. dirhaphis was 28:3(Δ5,9,21), the relative content of which reached 63.3%.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 233–236, May–June, 2005.     

Protein-lipid complexes of cotton kernels and the products of their processing

The composition and lipid content of the lipoprotein complexes of cotton kernels (I), meal (II), and isolate (III) have been investigated. It has been shown that with the aid of an acidic alcohol-containing extractant it is possible to isolate up to 99% of the strongly bound lipids (SBLs) of their total mass. In the composition of the strongly bound lipids (I–III) have been found neutral lipids comparable with the free lipids of the kernel; of polar lipids, glycolipids were present. It was found that an acid extractant extracts polyphenolic compounds together with the SBLs.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 466–472, July–August, 1990.     

Composition of the lipids and carbohydrates of the seeds ofAmaranthus caudatus

The chemical composition of the seed lipids ofAmaranthus caudatus L. has been investigated. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The hydrocarbon components ofA. caudatus have been identified and its alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been characterized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 797–799, November–December, 1997.     

Lipids ofOriganum tytthanthum

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from the above-ground part ofOriganum tytthanthum Gontsch. (Lamiaceae) is studied. Lipids from the air-dried plant material are enriched in glycolipids, essential fatty acids, and biologically active lipophilic substances. The free fatty acids include 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (0.5 % by GLC).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 100–102, March–April, 2000.     

Lipids of microalgae. I. Lipids and a protein hydrolysate fromMonochrysis lutheri

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 507–511, July–August, 1993.