基于双尺度4分离层优化的石墨烯太赫兹宽带吸波结构

为实现对未来远程太赫兹雷达的高效对抗与隐身,针对典型太赫兹雷达工作频率设计了一种石墨烯太赫兹宽带吸波结构。宽带吸波结构以表层金属层/石墨烯层/介质层/底层金属层为基本吸波结构单元,利用遗传算法对双尺度基本吸波结构单元进行4分离层优化设计,确定宽带吸波结构的各层结构参数。仿真结果表明:宽带吸波结构在0.138 THz～2 THz频率范围内吸收效率优于80%,在0.157 THz～2 THz频率范围内吸收效率优于97.46%,典型太赫兹雷达工作频率处吸收效率均优于92.27%,满足太赫兹雷达对抗与隐身要求。     

基于超材料的偏振不敏感太赫兹宽带吸波体设计

本文设计了一种基于超材料的偏振不敏感太赫兹宽带吸波体.吸波体包含两层金属和一层中间介质,表面金属层每一个周期单元由五种尺寸接近的金属块按照相邻不同的规律排列成5×5的方形阵列.各种尺寸金属块分别产生单峰谐振吸收,五个谐振吸收峰相互靠近从而产生宽带吸收.通过研究吸波体表面电流和电场z分量分布情况可知,入射太赫兹能量的吸收主要是由y方向上电场引起的电偶极子振荡和z方向上磁场引起的磁极化产生,而且金属层的欧姆损耗起主要作用.仿真结果表明,吸波体吸收率在80%以上的带宽约为1.2 THz,最高吸收率可达98.7%,半峰全宽(FWHM)为1.6 THz,该宽带吸波体的厚度约为中心波长的二十分之一,对偏振方向不敏感,且能实现大角度吸收,在太赫兹频段的电磁隐身、测辐射热探测器以及宽带通信等领域有潜在的应用价值.     

基于圆台结构的超宽带极化不敏感太赫兹吸收器

本文提出一种基于圆台形吸收单元的超宽带、极化不敏感的超材料太赫兹吸收器. 该超材料吸收器采用金属薄膜金和介质层二氧化硅交替叠加的多层结构. 采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009时域求解器计算了其在0–10 THz波段内的吸收率A（ω）,在2–10 THz之间实现了对入射太赫兹波的超宽频带强吸收. 仿真结果表明,由于其圆台形单元结构,在器件垂直方向上形成一系列不同尺寸的微型吸收器,产生了吸收频点相连的多频吸收峰. 利用不同吸收峰的耦合叠加效应,获得超过8 THz的超宽带太赫兹波吸收,吸收强度达到92.3%以上. 这一结构具有超宽带强吸收,360°极化不敏感以及易于加工等优越特性,因而在太赫兹波探测器、光谱成像以及隐身技术方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 太赫兹波 超材料吸收器 圆台结构 超宽带     

Design of a multiband terahertz perfect absorber

A thin-flexible multiband terahertz metamaterial absorber(MA) has been investigated. Each unit cell of the MA consists of a simple metal structure, which includes the top metal resonator ring and the bottom metallic ground plane,separated by a thin-flexible dielectric spacer. Finite-difference time domain simulation indicates that this MA can achieve over 99% absorption at frequencies of 1.50 THz, 3.33 THz, and 5.40 THz by properly assembling the sandwiched structure.However, because of its asymmetric structure, the MA is polarization-sensitive and can tune the absorptivity of the second absorption peak by changing the incident polarization angle. The effect of the error of the structural parameters on the absorption efficiency is also carefully analyzed in detail to guide the fabrication. Moreover, the proposed MA exhibits high refractive-index sensing sensitivity, which has potential applications in multi-wavelength sensing in the terahertz region.     

介质/金属结构太赫兹空芯光纤的传输特性

理论分析了金属、介质/金属结构空芯光纤在THz波段的模式结构和传输特性.金属空芯光纤支持TE11模式,介质/金属空芯光纤的介质膜厚在取最优值时支持HE11模式.对于波长为200μm的太赫兹波,内径为1 mm的两种空芯光纤,TE11和HE11模式的损耗分别为8.4 dB/m和2 dB/m.为优化介质/金属结构宅芯光纤的传输性能,分析了金属和介质材料的光学常数对衰减系数的影响.基于几种已发表的金属在太赫兹波段的光学常数,计算结果表明铝是最好的选择;初步测量结果显示,在各种树脂材料中聚乙烯在THz波段吸收较小,并且其折射率接近介质膜的最优值1.41,为太赫兹波空芯光纤中介质膜材料的理想选择.     

Absorption of surface plasmons in a metal-cladding layer-air structure in the terahertz frequency range

The effect of a thin dielectric cladding layer of a metal on the absorption of surface plasmons (SPs) in the terahertz frequency range is studied experimentally and numerically. It is found that, as the radiation wavelength increases, the attenuation of SPs caused by the cladding layer can increase by a factor of ～10⁴ as compared to the absorption of SPs propagating along the unperturbed metal-air interface. Data obtained in experiments with germanium-cladded aluminum specimens using radiation from a terahertz free-electron laser (v = 90 cm^?1) confirm that application of a dielectric cladding on the metal surface causes the SP absorption to increase.     

太赫兹时域光谱技术的重金属离子吸附检测方法研究

随着工业化进程的不断推进,水体重金属污染问题日益严重。秸秆具有来源广泛、价格低廉、易再生等优点,故成为水体重金属污染处理的理想吸附剂。为研究太赫兹波技术在水体重金属污染检测的应用前景,实验选取原始秸秆和碱化秸秆分别对重金属离子进行吸附,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)在室温氮气环境下对原始秸秆样品、碱化秸秆样品、原始秸秆吸附重金属离子样品、碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子样品和碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子解吸后的样品进行光谱测量,秸秆经碱化处理后处于1.75～1.85 THz的杂合吸收峰带吸收系数有明显下降,并伴有肩峰式吸收带后移的现象,在吸附重金属离子后,原始秸秆样品中原有的1.75～1.85 THz杂合吸收带消失,却在1.8～2.05 THz形成了杂合吸收带。碱化秸秆在1.7～2.05 THz呈现复杂的多个肩峰式吸收,而碱化秸秆吸附重金属样品在1.7～2.05 THz呈现平滑的强吸收带,碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子水解吸后吸收谱线近乎平行。结合秸秆及碱化吸附重金属的化学反应过程对吸收谱进行分析,可得到不同组分样品的分子振动及官能团信息,并得到碱化秸秆吸附重金属应为络合吸附和静电吸附两种吸附方式。证明了太赫兹时域光谱技术在水体重金属污染检测中的可靠性和良好的应用前景。     

基于LS-SVM和THz光谱技术的面粉中苯甲酸检测研究

面粉（小麦粉）是中国北方大部分地区的主食,苯甲酸是重要的酸型食品防腐剂,为了便于食品长期保存,往往会添加苯甲酸以便延长食品保存时间。但食用添加苯甲酸过量的小麦粉会对身体健康产生严重危害。太赫兹技术是一种新兴的检测技术,由于处于特殊的0.1～10 THz的太赫兹频段,在食品安全检测方面体现出了很强的应用潜力。主要致力于探索太赫兹光谱技术检测苯甲酸的合理性、可行性,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对面粉中的食品添加剂苯甲酸进行实验研究。实验获取了面粉和苯甲酸的太赫兹时域光谱和频域光谱,其吸收系数显示苯甲酸的特征吸收峰在1.94 THz波段,面粉的太赫兹吸收系数几乎以一定的斜率增加,说明可以用THz-TDS（Terahertz time domain spectrum）技术对面粉中的苯甲酸进行特征识别。为建立面粉中添加剂苯甲酸的定量检测模型,实验获取了面粉中掺杂不同百分比（质量分数）苯甲酸的太赫兹时域光谱,计算得到吸收系数谱。实验发现吸收峰幅度的变化是与苯甲酸的含量成正比的,苯甲酸含量增加吸收峰幅度变大。首先探索了不同光谱预处理方法对太赫兹光谱的影响,采用如平滑校正、多元散射校正、基线校正和归一化等方法对原始光谱进行校正处理。校正之后,建立相应的PLS (partial least squares)模型以选择最优预处理方法。然后分别建立苯甲酸浓度和太赫兹吸收系数的MLR (multiple linear regression)、PLS和LS-SVM（partial least squares support vector machines）回归模型,并对比分析不同模型的优劣。将光谱数据归一化后建立的PLS模型更具有优势,预测相关系数R_p为0.979,预测均方根误差RMSEP为1.30%。LS-SVM与PLS和MLR模型相比,LS-SVM模型可以获得更好的建模结果,LS-SVM的预测相关系数R_p为0.987,预测均方根误差RMSEP为1.10%。利用MLR方法仅使用1.946和1.869 THz两个波段点进行建模,建模效果预测相关系数R_p为0.955,预测均方根误差RMSEP为1.90%。通过该研究为面粉中苯甲酸添加剂的无损检测提供了新的解决方案,也为其他类型的添加剂的检测提供了方法指导,对促进面粉行业的健康发展具有重要的意义。     

Detection of Terahertz,Mid- and Near Infrared Radiation by a Multilayer Metal—Insulator Heterostructure

An analogy between the tunneling of quantum particles through a chain of barriers and the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a metamedium has allowed new methods for the fabrication of selective detectors of terahertz, mid-infrared, and near infrared radiation. The calculations have shown that a resonance metal-insulator heterostructure with one and two metal layers allows achieving nearly 100% absorption of radiation in a narrow frequency range. The use of a large number of metal layers makes it possible to detect ultrashort (including picosecond) field pulses with a broad spectrum.

     

Dual-function terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide and graphene

A dual-function terahertz metasurface based on VO₂ and graphene is proposed in this paper. It consists of a gold layer embedded with VO₂ patches, a SiO₂ spacer layer, a VO₂ layer, graphene and a SiO₂ spacer substrate. When the bottom VO₂ layer is in the metallic state, the designed metasurface can achieve absorption. When the top VO₂ patches are in the metallic state, the proposed metasurface can be used as a single-band absorber with terahertz absorptance of 99.7% at 0.736 THz. When the top VO₂ patches are in the insulating state, the designed structure behaves as a dual-band absorber with an absorptance of 98.9% at 0.894 THz and 99.9% at 1.408 THz. In addition, the absorber is polarization insensitive and keeps good performance at large angles of incidence. When the bottom VO₂ is in an insulating state, the metasurface shows electromagnetically induced transparency. The transparent window can be dynamically regulated by controlling the chemical potential of graphene. The proposed metasurface exhibits the advantages of terahertz absorption, electromagnetically induced transparency and dynamic control, which provides more options for the design of terahertz devices in the future.     

Optimal structure for resonant THz detection of plasmons–polaritons in the 2D quantum wells

We investigate terahertz plasmon?Cpolariton (PP) resonances for hetero-structures (AlGaN/GaN, SiGe/Si/SiGe, AlGaAs/GaAs, and InAlN/GaN) with a grating coupler in order to find the overall optimal structure showing the strongest absorption for terahertz detection (THz). We show by a parametric study (influence of geometric dimensions, electron concentration, temperature, etc.) that refined and intense resonances can be obtained at specific frequency. GaN based heterostructures present the higher PP resonances at room temperature. The roles of the finite thicknesses of lossy metal grating and a two-dimensional gas (2DEG) layer on observed absorption are also investigated. Absorption spectra for three kinds of heterogeneous charge density profiles (piecewise, linear, and parabolic) of 2DEG was investigated and compared for an AlGaAs/GaAs structure because some physical parameters such as the Fermi level pinning at the interface semiconductor/air are well established only for this heterostructure. We show that the PP resonance (amplitude and frequency position) is modulated by the charge concentration but also by the metallization biasing.     

基于人工复合材料的太赫兹波双波段滤波

本文分别从实验和理论模拟两方面详细的讨论了金属双环和反双环两种亚波长阵列结构在太赫兹波段的双频率响应特性. 这两种双环结构都可以实现双频率调制,金属双环结构表现为两个明显的吸收峰,反双环结构则表现出明显的透过峰. 这两种结构不仅在物理结构上互补,在太赫兹波段的响应也表现为吸收和透过互补的特性. 其中高频响应来源于内环电子振荡,低频影响则来源于外环电子振荡,并且这种结构在太赫兹波段的响应与周期无关. 关键词： 太赫兹 滤波器 亚波长阵列 FDTD     

基于太赫兹光谱的奶粉中葡萄糖及蔗糖定性定量检测方法

奶粉富含人体所需的五大营养物质,是婴幼儿主要的营养来源之一,奶粉中的营养成分对婴幼儿的生长发育具有重要影响,除乳糖外的糖类含量超标可能对婴幼儿健康产生不良影响。由于奶粉成分复杂,目前的色谱法和近红外光谱法检测技术都难以满足奶粉糖分快速无损检测的要求,因此亟须探索一种奶粉中葡萄糖、蔗糖含量快速无损检测方法。太赫兹波对不同大分子物质的吸收峰具有“指纹”特性,可利用该特性对不同的大分子物质进行识别。应用太赫兹时域光谱技术（THz-TDS）并结合化学计量学方法对奶粉中葡萄糖、蔗糖两种糖分的定性定量检测方法进行了研究。实验装置采用TAS7500TS太赫兹光谱系统,实验样品为不含糖的婴幼儿奶粉和纯度大于99%的葡萄糖、蔗糖晶体及不同梯度浓度的奶粉-葡萄糖、奶粉-蔗糖混合物,实验分别采集了3种纯品样品及15种不同梯度浓度的奶粉-葡萄糖、奶粉-蔗糖混合物样品的太赫兹时域信号,每个样品采集三次并取平均值作为其时域光谱信号,经快速傅里叶变换（FFT）得到各样品的太赫兹频域信号,再根据Dorney提出的光学参数提取公式计算得到各样品的吸收系数谱和折射率谱。最后分别基于两组混合物样品的吸收系数谱和折射率谱数据,采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立相应的定量分析模型,校正集和预测集样品比例为2∶1。实验结果表明,奶粉在太赫兹波段无明显特征吸收峰,葡萄糖和蔗糖分别在1.45,1.8,1.98,2.7 THz和1.5,1.9,2.6 THz频率处有较强的特征吸收峰,可根据两种物质的太赫兹指纹特征峰进行定性分析。不同梯度浓度的两组混合物的整体吸收峰位置与葡萄糖、蔗糖纯品太赫兹吸收峰位置基本一致,具有稳定的吸收特性。基于吸收系数谱和折射率谱数据建立偏最小二乘法模型,均可实现奶粉中葡萄糖和蔗糖的定量分析,且由折射率谱建立的葡萄糖、蔗糖定量回归模型效果均优于由吸收系数谱建立的模型效果,其中,奶粉-葡萄糖混合物中葡萄糖含量PLS模型的校正集相关系数（R_c）及均方根误差（RMSEC）分别为0.99和0.18%,预测集R_P及RMSEP分别为0.96和0.66%,奶粉-蔗糖混合物中蔗糖含量PLS模型的校正集R_c及RMSEC分别为0.96和0.55%,预测集R_P及RMSEP分别为0.99和0.25%,葡萄糖和蔗糖定量模型的预测效果均较为理想。研究结果表明THz-TDS技术可有效用于奶粉中葡萄糖和蔗糖定性定量分析,为运用THz-TDS技术开展奶粉掺假及品质快速检测方法研究提供参考。     

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nanometer water layers

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is demonstrated to have the sensitivity to characterize nanometer-thick water layers on the surfaces of a parallel-plate metal waveguide. The measured far-infrared absorption and index of refraction of the 20-nm water layers are in reasonable self-consistent agreement with those of bulk water.     

缺陷组合嵌入VO2薄膜结构的可调太赫兹吸收器

提出一种多缺陷组合嵌入VO2薄膜结构的可调太赫兹吸收器,它由上表面金属图案层、基体和底层金属板三层结构组成,在上表面和基体之间嵌入二氧化钒介质.计算结果表明在f=4.08 THz和f=4.33 THz两频点吸收率分别为99.8%和99.9%.通过改变外界环境温度可控制二氧化钒相变,从而使两个频点吸收率从99.8%变化到1.0%.改变入射角和偏振态,计算结果表明在入射角0°-40°,吸收器在TE和TM两种极化波下吸收率都能在98%以上.该太赫兹波吸收器具有高吸收、动态调谐、极化不敏感等特性,本文所设计的可调太赫兹吸收器在太赫兹波相关领域,例如探测器、开关、动态调制器、隐身技术等方面具有很好的应用前景.     

sd-Exchange electron spin resonance in a ferromagnetic metal

The possibility of resonance absorption in the terahertz range caused by the sd-exchange interaction at the incidence of an electromagnetic wave on a ferromagnetic metal has been predicted. The absorption coefficient has been calculated. It has been shown that the resonance frequency is determined by the magnetization of a ferromagnet and the absorption coefficient additionally depends on the orientation of the magnetization with respect to the plane of polarization of the wave.     

太赫兹谱定量测试中朗伯比尔定律表征形式分析

探讨了朗伯比尔定律在太赫兹谱段的应用,研究了单一氨基酸压片样品(谷氨酰胺)和两种氨基酸混合压片(苏氨酸和胱氨酸)在不同浓度情况下对朗伯比尔定律的适用程度。分析了吸光度和吸收系数在描述物质的太赫兹光学特性的区别。通过对比单一组分在1.72 THz附近的吸收系数值和吸光度值,验证物质对太赫兹波在两种吸收表征量下吸收随浓度变化的情况,利用拟合优度的R2指标研究了各表征量下物质太赫兹吸收与浓度的线性关系的好坏;分析两组分混合物在0.3～2.6 THz有效谱段的两种吸收表征量的太赫兹吸收情况,利用相似性系数和估计浓度误差作为评价指标,明确了在太赫兹谱定量测试中应采用吸光度的加和性而非吸收系数的加和性,进一步明确朗伯比尔定律在太赫兹波段的应用。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的诺氟沙星浓度检测研究

畜禽养殖中抗生素的不合理使用导致畜禽产品中抗生素残留问题时有发生,进而通过食物链影响食品安全,威胁人类健康。准确、快速检测出抗生素药物的含量对保障食品安全具有重要意义。以残留较为常见的喹诺酮类诺氟沙星抗菌药为研究对象,开展基于太赫兹光谱技术的诺氟沙星较大梯度和较小梯度的全浓度含量检测研究。在较大梯度诺氟沙星样本中,首先,在1%～100%范围内设置了11个浓度,完成较大梯度压片样本制备;然后经太赫兹时域光谱系统扫描获取其时域光谱,提取样本的吸收系数,用卷积平滑S-G二项式拟合滤波去除噪声、平滑样本光谱数据。发现纯净的诺氟沙星在1.205 THz处存在一个强烈吸收峰,在0.816 THz处存在一个弱吸收峰。最后,利用逐步回归和连续投影法(SPA)选择变量并结合特征吸收峰进行多元线性回归建模预测分析。进一步在较小梯度诺氟沙星样本研究中,首先在浓度100 μg·mL-1(0.01%)以下设置了29个浓度系列,完成较小梯度溶液样本制备;然后获得其太赫兹时域光谱,用S-G二项式拟合滤波进行数据预处理,发现各浓度的吸收光谱未出现明显差异,最后利用逐步回归和连续投影法(SPA)选择变量结合特征吸收峰实现多元线性回归建模预测分析。结果表明：在较大梯度诺氟沙星样本中逐步回归选择变量的多元线性回归达到了模型最优(R_p=0.962, RMSEP=2.74%),准确率优于当前已有最优预测模型(R_p=0.867, RMSEP=16.6%);小梯度诺氟沙星样本的逐步回归选择变量的多元线性回归模型最优(R_p=0.728, RMSEP=18.79 μg·mL-1),该方法有一定的预测能力,但是准确率有待提升。利用太赫兹光谱技术实现了较全浓度诺氟沙星的检测,为后续诺氟沙星检测限的探索等进一步研究提供了一定的研究基础。     

An Ultra-Broadband Chirality Selective Metastructure Absorber using High Impedance Surface

In this paper, an ultra-wideband chirality selective metastructure absorber is proposed that enables differential absorption and reflection of circularly polarized waves in the terahertz (THz) range. The structure achieves circular dichroism (CD) by using asymmetrically split metal rings as fundamental meta-atoms. Most critically, the high impedance surface and air-resonant cavities are inserted separately in the meta-atoms and dielectric substrate to enhance CD and broaden the bandwidth of absorption. The metastructure absorber can achieve more than 90% absorption of right circularly polarized waves at 0.675–1.244 THz, and it can maintain more than 90% reflection of left circularly polarized waves at 0.607–1.229 THz without changing the direction of rotation. Besides, its CD can reach more than 80% at 0.687–1.213 THz with a relative bandwidth of 55.3%. Spin-selective absorption, which is closely related to breaking chiral symmetry, is investigated through power loss distribution, wide-angle incidence, and scan parameter optimization. The proposed strategy is further validated in the THz band, and the polarization selection and manipulation techniques can be applied to chiral sensing/radio-thermometry, circular polarization detectors/lasers, and molecular spectroscopy.     

基于石墨烯的光学控制窄带太赫兹开关

本文提出了一种光控太赫兹开关,该开关采用覆盖单层石墨烯的十字金属谐振器超表面。利用石墨烯表面电导率模型和有限元法计算了这种复合结构的光谱特性。模拟结果表明,在0.2 W/mm²的光泵浦后,传输谱（调制深度为36.8%,Q-因子为250）出现了窄带共振衰减现象。另外,这种衰减的调制深度可以通过改变泵浦强度微调节。因此,光学可调谐太赫兹开关的设计将有助于太赫兹通信应用的功能组件开发。