Large temporal window contrast measurement using optical parametric amplification and low-sensitivity detectors

To address few-shot pulse contrast measurement, we present a correlator coupling the high gain of an optical parametric amplification scheme with large pulse tilt. This combination enables a low sensitivity charge coupled device (CCD) to observe features in the pulse intensity within a 50 ps single-shot window with inter-window dynamic range >10⁷ and <0.5 mJ input energy. We also consider use of optical densities to boost the CCD dynamic range within a single temporal window.     

Amplifying optical signals with discrete solitons in waveguide arrays

We present a design and protocol to achieve an essential feature of an optical transistor, namely the amplification of input signal with the use of discrete solitons in waveguide arrays. We consider the scattering of a discrete soliton by a reflectionless potential in the presence of a control soliton. We show that at the sharp transition region between full reflectance and full transmittance, the intensity of the reflected or transmitted soliton is highly sensitive to the intensity of the control soliton. This suggests a setup of signal amplifier. For realistic purposes, we modulate the parameters of the reflectionless potential well to achieve a performance of amplifier with a controllable amplification. To facilitate the experimental realization, we calculate the amplification factor in terms of the parameters of the potential well and the input power of the control soliton. The suggested signal amplifier device will be an important component in the all-optical data processing.     

"荧光-1"实验装置物理设计

本文主要介绍"荧光-1"实验装置物理参数设计, 并依据半经验公式预估在实验装置上可能达到的磁化等离子体状态参数. 理论设计结果表明: "荧光-1"实验装置最大放电电流1.5 MA, 四分之一周期3 μs, 最大反向磁场4 T; 以此为实验平台, 当θ箍缩线圈内充气压力50 mTorr(D₂气体)时, 形成的等离子体靶直径约为2 cm, 长度17 cm; 等离子体靶密度6.6×10¹⁶ cm^-3, 温度 (T_i+T_e) 约300 eV; 等离子体平均β值为0.95. 该状态参数接近磁化靶聚变所要求的等离子体靶初始状态参数. 关键词： 脉冲功率技术 反场构形 磁化等离子体 磁化靶聚变     

Design method of reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device

Reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device is proposed and designed based on multi-folded transformation optics and equivalent components. In comparison with the reported reciprocal invisibility cloaks, the material parameters of the device presented here are homogeneous, and the hiding of the target object does not require any "anti-object" at all, which dramatically breaks through the limitations of the "anti-object" design in previous reciprocal cloak design. Perfectly illusion effect is also found by reasonably setting the material parameters of the restored medium of the device, which can be used to confuse detection radars while hiding target objects. Last but not least, the proposed device has an open structure, which enables the target object enclosed by the device to perform material exchange and simplex transfer of information with the outside world through open channels. In other words, the proposed device has a reusable function, enabling stealth or phantom of new target objects without changing any parameters of the device.     

Investigation of the parameters of a high-power picosecond feedback controlled chirp pulsed amplified Nd: glass laser with injection seeding

We describe experimental studies to investigate the parameters of a compact high-power Nd: glass laser. The laser consists of a mode-locked oscillator with negative feedback (=1.4ps), a Q-switched pre-amplifier with an amplification factor of 5×10⁸, and multiple stage amplifiers using a chirped pulse amplification compression technique.     

Etude theorique d'un mesureur absolu des flux laser continus base sur les echanges d'impulsion

We present in this paper a theoretical study of an absolute cw laser power meter based on the mechanical effects of the light (momentum transfer from a light beam to a target). We show that an appropriate geometry of the device leads to a result which ignores the target and beam characteristics and depends only on the incident flux value.     

Optimization of a 2D photonic crystal add/drop multiplexer based on contra-directional coupling

We present a highly integrated add/drop multiplexer, where the contra-directional coupling is realized by phase matching two photonic crystal waveguides. The device band structure, the corresponding transmission and drop spectra, and the coupling length are carefully analysed. Different device configurations are discussed and by tailoring the coupling factor, we optimize the frequency response of the filter, obtaining a -sized channel selector, characterized by a very high drop efficiency.     

High gain amplification of femtosecond pulses with low amplified spontaneous emission in a multipass dye cell

We present a multipass femtosecond amplifier pumped by a Nd-YAG laser where the gain medium is given by a variable length dye cell. This system allows amplification factors up to 5 · 10⁶ and output pulse energies of 150 J, while restricting the contribution of amplified spontaneous emission to 0.5% of the total output energy, without using any saturable absorber stage. A detailed study of the output pulsewidth as a function of the duration of the input chirped pulse is also presented.     

High repetition rate plasma mirror for temporal contrast enhancement of terawatt femtosecond laser pulses by three orders of magnitude

We present a plasma mirror configuration that improves the temporal pulse contrast of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses by a factor of thousand using a single antireflection coated glass target. The device provides ultra-high contrast for experiments with a maximum repetition rate of 10 Hz. A third-order cross-correlator has been used to measure the temporal pulse contrast for several different plasma mirror targets. It is shown that the ASE can be suppressed to a level of 10⁻¹¹. A comparison between a triggered and an untriggered plasma mirror reveals differences in the intensity distribution of the focused beam. The triggered plasma mirror produces a slightly larger focus due to the expansion of the triggered plasma mirror at −3 ps before the main pulse. We propose a cost-effective AR-coated and a blank glass target to reduce the costs of the consumable target material. High-harmonic radiation on solid surfaces has been generated with different plasma mirror targets to demonstrate the high laser contrast.     

A Novel Proposal for an All-Optical “and” Logic Gate Using Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

We present a novel proposal for an all-optical AND logic gate. It is designed based on line and point defects in two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) rods in air with square lattice. Material of the rods is silicon with dielectric constant 11.56. Dimension of the proposed device is equal to 12.155×12.155 μm. The device elaborated has a simple structure consisting of two inputs – a main output and two idler outputs. Bit rate of the device is equal to 3·10¹² bit/s. Maximum contrast ratio is 5.84 dB. It is a good candidate for optical integrated circuits.     

Importance of spatial quality of intense femtosecond pulses

The spatial quality of intense femtosecond pulses from chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems is of great importance in order to reach very high peak intensity on the target. We review various aspects of this quality, present results obtained all along a CPA chain and discuss improvement implemented or still to be implemented.     

High-temporal-quality injector generated by optical parametric amplification with hollow-core-fiber compression

We demonstrate a 100 μJ, <10 fs, high-temporal-contrast injector. The experimental setup is based on an optical parametric amplification system followed by a standard hollow-core-fiber compressor and a frequency-doubling crystal. Pulses near 800 nm with FWHMs of about 160 nm are generated. More than 11 orders of magnitude of the contrast ratio, which is limited by the measurement device, are obtained over a large temporal range extending from <1 ps ahead of the main pulse. The broad spectral bandwidth and the high contrast of this device make it a good front-end injector for a few-cycle, high-power laser system.     

Simulation of a spintronic transistor: A study of its performance

We study theoretically the magnetic bipolar transistor, and compare its performance with common bipolar transistor. We present not only the simulation results for the characteristic curves, but also other relevant parameters related with its performance, such as: the current amplification factor, the open-loop gain, the hybrid parameters and the cutoff frequency. We noted that the spin-charge coupling introduces new phenomena that enrich the functionality characteristics of the magnetic bipolar transistor. Among other things, it has an adjustable band structure, which may be modified during the device operation; it exhibits the already known spin-voltaic effect. On the other hand, we observed that it is necessary a large g-factor to analyze the influence of the field B over the transistor. Nevertheless, we consider the magnetic bipolar transistor as a promising device for spintronic applications.     

Multi-color miniature dual-axis confocal microscope for point-of-care pathology

We present a miniature microelectromechanical systems-based dual-axis confocal microscope capable of spatially coregistered fluorescence and reflectance imaging at multiple wavelengths. This device has a 10 mm diameter scan head with a 2 mm diameter tip for convenient use during surgery to guide tumor resection. The microscope has an adjustable focal depth of 20-200 micrometers and is capable of imaging with an axial resolution of 9 micrometers and in-plane resolution of 4 micrometers over a field of view of 450×450 micrometers. Simultaneous two-color imaging of individual optical sections is achieved by using a pair of grating-prism assemblies to compensate for chromatic dispersion in the 2 mm diameter gradient index relay lens at the distal tip of the device. Experimental measurements of the axial response of the microscope, as well as two-color images of a reflective bar target and fresh mouse brain tissues, demonstrate the performance of our device and its potential for multicolor in vivo optical sectioning microscopy.     

Field Effect Transistor Using Carbon Nanotubes and DNA as Electrical Gate

We present an electronic sensor in the molecular scale, which is very sensitive for detection and sensing of DNA characteristics and DNA activities in particular activities between DNA duplex and any protein. Here, the device shows that DNA is electronically inserted to be on the same time as an electrical device transducer and as a biological target in a carbon nanotube-DNA-carbon nanotube electronic sensor. We have performed a DNA binding through an amide group by the electron transfer through amide group. The presented device has shown an efficient and rapid procedure to bind the electrical vulnerability of DNA with the detection of enzymatic effectiveness leading to high efficient biosensor.     

In-line reference-delayed digital holography using a low-coherence light source

We present a holographic imaging device with a low-coherence light source that uses the reflection of the objective lens as reference illumination. This results in a simple setup and allows applications to microscopy with only small modifications of the setup for aberration measurements. In addition, it opens the prospects to in vivo ophthalmic imaging. We present in vitro experiments using a resolution test target to quantify the system performance. We demonstrate that we can achieve diffraction-limited resolution and show the possibility of aberration correction. We also present preliminary results using a scattering sample.     

Device-independent randomness amplification with a single device

Expansion and amplification of weak randomness with untrusted quantum devices has recently become a very fruitful topic of research. Here we contribute with a procedure for amplifying a single weak random source using tri-partite GHZ-type entangled states. If the quality of the source reaches a fixed threshold R=_log2?(10)$R={\log }_2?(10)$, perfect random bits can be produced. This technique can be used to extract randomness from sources that can't be extracted neither classically, nor by existing procedures developed for Santha–Vazirani sources. Our protocol works with a single fault-free device decomposable into three non-communicating parts, that is repeatedly reused throughout the amplification process.     

蒙特卡罗法在高功率激光系统输出能量稳定性研究中的应用

以"四程 助推"放大系统为例,运用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)法计算分析了放大过程中注入能量、放大增益及损耗单独存在随机变化和以上因素共同作用时对系统输出能量稳定性的影响.计算结果表明,系统输出能量稳定性对四程小信号增益系数和腔内光学元件透过率的随机变化相当敏感;小信号增益随机变化明显大于注入能量对输出能量稳定性的影响.同时,也说明应用蒙特卡罗方法解决随机性问题的有效性和简洁性.     

DNA Biosensor with High Sensitivity Amplified by Gold Nanoparticles

A biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using 50 nm gold nanoparticles as the amplification probe for DNA detection was reported in this paper. It had been found that a DNA detection sensitivity of 10^–14 M could be obtained, which was higher than what has been ever reported using the same method. In the curve of weight increase (m) against the target DNA in solution, a plateau appeared as the concentration of analyte DNA increasing, implying the existence of monolayer of gold nanoparticles binding on the top of target DNA. The high sensitivity was explained not only by the weight of the larger particles, but also the larger area occupied by the larger particles which need less target DNA for their binding.