硒氢化钠亲核加成高收率合成对称硒醚

报道了一种制备对称有机硒醚的新方法:在氮气保护下,以水做溶剂,室温下利用硼氢化钠还原硒粉得到硒氢化钠,与水溶的丙烯酸乙酯发生亲核加成反应,对于水不溶的苯乙炔或其他α,β-不饱和化合物需另加入DMF作溶剂进行反应,共合成了7个对称硒醚产物,其中6个化合物尚未见文献报道,位阻较大的甲基丙烯酸甲酯,可以得到52％的分离收率,其他产物分离收率高达82～94％.     

Perfluoroalkylation of 2-mercaptoethanol as a key step for a new synthesis of perfluoroalkyl vinyl sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones

We have developed a new method of perfluoroalkylation of thiols, using a mixture of sodium formate/sodium sulfite to generate a sulfoxylate radical anion. This method is compatible with alcoholic functionality and was applied to mercaptoethanol. The obtained compounds were transformed into perfluoroalkyl vinyl sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones.     

可溶性锰(IV)化学发光反应的研究

发现了在甲醛存在的条件下, 可溶性锰(IV)与30余种有机物和无机物的化学发光反应. 以头孢菌素类药物(头孢曲松钠、头孢唑啉钠、头孢拉定和头孢哌酮钠)为分析对象优化了可溶性锰(IV)-甲醛-头孢菌素类药物化学发光反应的条件, 建立了测定四种头孢菌素类药物的流动注射化学发光新方法, 并将建立的方法用于药物制剂中头孢菌素类药物的含量测定．同时, 对化学发光反应的机理进行了初步探讨.     

The Chemistry of Bunte Salts

Bunte salts can be obtained, not only from alkyl halides and sodium thiosulfate, but also from compounds containing activated multiple bonds, and sodium thiosulfate. The Bunte salts prepared by the new method, contrary to earlier observations, are cleaved by alkalis into the unsaturated starting compounds and sodium thiosulfate. This reaction, which is used for the fixation of unsaturated compounds (e.g. to cellulose), and other reactions of the Bunte salts are discussed. The industrial applications and biological properties of the Bunte salts are also mentioned.     

Studies on the Selective Syntheses of Sodium Ditelluride and Dialkyl Ditellurides

Studies on the selective synthetic method for dialkyl ditellurides 1, a representative class of organyl tellurium compounds, were presented. Considering the difficulty in conducting previous harsh reactions and in suppressing the formation of dialkyl tellurides 2 as side products, we optimized reaction conditions for selective syntheses of sodium ditelluride and the corresponding dialkyl ditellurides 1. We reduced tellurium to sodium ditelluride by using NaBH₄ and subsequently, treated the obtained sodium ditelluride with alkyl halides (RX) to give the target compounds 1. Consequently, by applying various alkyl halides (RX) we achieved the selective syntheses of dialkyl ditellurides 1 (13 examples with 4 new compounds) in modest to good yields. We also suggested the mechanistic pathways to dialkyl ditellurides 1.     

A selective and cost-effective method for the reductive deuteration of activated alkenes

A new single electron transfer reaction for the reductive deuteration of activated alkenes has been developed for the selective synthesis of α,β-dideuterio compounds. A cheap, stable and commercially-available sodium dispersion with high specific surface area is employed as the electron donor to replace the traditionally used sodium/liquid ammonium system. Deuterium source is provided by EtOD-d₁. Excellent yields and deuterium incorporations were obtained across a broad range of activated alkenes with good functional group tolerance. This method provided a cheap, efficient and operationally-simple method for the synthesis of deuterium labeled compounds.     

水性涂料中挥发性有机化合物的气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了内墙涂料中24种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的GC-MS检测方法,重点研究了现有检测方法分离度差和回收率低的问题,采用无水硫酸钠净化、二氯甲烷超声和膜过滤提取体系,改善了各种化合物的回收率,特别是提高了二元醇类化合物的回收率,优化后的实验条件下,样品的加标回收率为70%~94%,相对标准偏差不大于6.8%,检出限为3.1~10.6 mg/L。在30~300 mg/L范围内,方法的线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好,完全满足进出口水性涂料中常见的24种挥发性有机化合物的检测要求。     

固相萃取净化-液相色谱串联质谱确证茶叶中的6种乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸盐类农药残留

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法测定茶叶中代森锌、代森锰、代森锰锌、代森钠、代森联、甲基代森锌等6种乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸盐类农药的确证方法。方法选用碱性乙二胺四乙酸二钠作为提取液,并将难溶盐转化为水溶性钠盐,甲酯化试剂碘甲烷进行衍生化反应,采用亲水-亲脂平衡固相萃取柱(Oasis HLB)净化甲酯化产物,甲醇洗脱,6.5min内衍生物在Sunfire C18色谱柱中完成分离,电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下监测。茶叶中甲基代森锌的定量下限为20μg/kg,在5～200μg/kg范围内呈良好的线性关系;其它代森盐类化合物的定量下限均为10μg/kg,在2～200μg/kg范围内呈良好的线性关系;在绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶叶中添加不同水平待测物时,平均回收率为79%～99%,相对标准偏差为4.7%～14.6%。经验证该方法可简单、快速、准确地检测多种茶叶中的代森与甲基代森类农药残留。     

Structural Characterization of an Artefact and Simultaneous Quantification of Two Monoterpenes and Their Artefacts of Isolation in White‐Peony Root

Sodium benzoylpaeoniflorinsulfonate ( 3 ), a new artefact, was isolated from sulfur‐fumigated white‐peony root and characterized by mass and NMR spectroscopy. A HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sodium paeoniflorinsulfonate ( 1 ), paeoniflorin ( 2 ), sodium benzoylpaeoniflorinsulfonate ( 3 ), and benzoylpaeoniflorin ( 4 ). The method developed was successfully applied to quantify the four compounds in 14 white‐peony‐root samples. The quantity of four constituents in sulfur‐fumigated white‐peony root may be regarded as an index for the quality assessment of this Chinese medicine.     

Novel Method for Synthesis of Diarylpyrazole Derivatives as Cannabinoid CB_1 Receptor Antagonists

A novel and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of diarylpyrazole derivatives as cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist via four step reactions. The key step was the synthesis of a diarylpyrazole skeleton, which involved initial condensation of the sodium salt of compound 12 with diazonium compounds, and further cyclization by heating at reflux in acetic acid. Eight diarylpyrazole derivatives and nine new synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. The react...     

Alkylation de quelques composés carbonylés par des groupes tertiaires. Utilisation de la réaction de friedel-crafts dans la synthèse d'ésters

t-Alkylation of carboxylic esters via their ketene alkyl trimethylsilyl acetals by the Friedal-Crafts reaction allows the synthesis of new highly hindered compounds. A new route using sodium amide in dimethoxyethane, for the preparation of trimethylsilylenol ethers of ketones, is described. The α-t-butylation of these compounds permits the synthesis of new crowded pentasubstituted ketones. The limits as well as the performance of the method have been studied.     

Speciation of butyltin compounds in marine sediments by preconcentration on C60 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A new method for the speciation of butyltin compounds by solid phase extraction and direct injection using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is described. The compounds were complexed with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and retained on a C60 sorbent column. The neutral chelates of butyltin compounds were eluted with ethyl acetate containing NaBPr4 as derivatising reagent. The main analytical figures of merit of the proposed method for 10 ml of sample are: linear range 0.2-35 ng/g expressed as Sn; limits of detection, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.10 ng/g as Sn for monobutyltin, dibutyltin and tributyltin, respectively. No interferences from metal ions such as Zn2+, Fe3+, Sb3t, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+ were observed in the determination of organotin compounds. The validation of method was performed out by the analysis of a standard reference sediment (CRM 462). The method was also applied to the determination of butyltin compounds in marine sediment samples.     

Application of the iodine-azide reaction to the catalytic determination of divalent sulphur compounds in alcoholic medium: Determination of ethylenethiourea in some biological materials

A new catalytic method for the determination of divalent sulphur compounds, which are soluble or insoluble in water, based on the iodine–azide reaction in various alcoholic solutions is described. As model divalent sulphur catalysts the sodium sulphide and thiourea were chosen. Determination of ethylenethiourea in alcoholic extracts from apples and bananas was an example of practical application of the proposed method. To that purpose five previous elaborated techniques were adopted: titration, volumetric, gas chromatographic, enthalpimetric and potentiometric. The effect of other organic solvents, salts, acids and pH on the determination of divalent sulphur catalysts was also evaluated.     

Analysis of combinatorial chemistry samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method has been developed that can evaluate the purity of samples generated in combinatorial chemistry libraries. This method uses an open tube capillary (27 cm x 50 microm) along with a run buffer composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and sodium tetraborate coupled with UV detection. Neutral compounds and compounds that were insoluble in aqueous buffers could be analyzed under these conditions in approximately 3 min. The concentration of SDS and the concentration of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin effected the separation. The affect on selectivity resulting from the addition of an organic modifier to the run buffer was examined. The low background absorbency of the run buffer made for easy detection of compounds that absorbed at low UV wavelengths. The quick analysis time made this suitable for analysis of combinatorial chemistry samples.     

Reissert compound studies. XXXIX. A novel approach to the berbine and 6-azaberbine systems and related derivatives of ellipticine

A new synthetic method for the construction of the berbine, 6-azaberbine, and indoloberbine ring skeletons is reported. Treatment of heterocyclic bases such as isoquinolines, phthalazines, and ellipticine with 2-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide gave the corresponding Reissert compounds. Treatment of these Reissert compounds with sodium hydride resulted in intramolecular cyclization with loss of hydrogen cyanide.     

Efficient and Facile Method for the Nitration of Aromatic Compounds by Nitric Acid in Micellar Media

Aromatic compounds were efficiently nitrated under mild reaction conditions by employing HNO₃ in the presence of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB), and nonionic (Triton-X 100) micelles. The reaction rapidly afforded corresponding mononitro derivatives in fair to good yields with high regioselectivity. This new method offers an environmentally safe reaction condition to minimize the waste products.     

Analysis of eleven iridoid glycosides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) and screening of plant samples by partial filling (MECC)-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

Of ammonium, lithium and sodium salts of dodecyl sulfate studied as surfactants in the separation of iridoid glycosides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC), the last one gave the best results. Eleven neutral iridoid glycosides were separated by MECC with sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, and the water–micelle partition coefficients of the compounds were calculated. The separation system was coupled via a coaxial sheath flow electrospray interface to a mass spectrometer, and the partial filling technique was used in the on-line analysis. Seven plant species belonging to five genera (Plantago, Veronica, Melampyrum, Succisa and Valeriana) were screened for the iridoid glycosides by the new method that was developed. The findings confirmed those of an earlier study on five of the iridoid glycosides. Some new iridoid glycosides were found in Plantago lanceolata, Veronica spicata and V. chamaedrys.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Sodium (2,2"-Bipyridyl)oxodiperoxovanadate(V) Octahydrate

Within the framework of the development of methods of synthesis of new catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds (tetrabutylammonium and sodium oxodiperoxovanadates, which have demonstrated oxidizing activity toward a number of organic compounds under conditions of phase transfer catalysis), the crystal structure of the sodium (2,2"-bipyridyl)oxodiperoxovanadate(V) octahydrate complex was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure was found to contain an extensive network of hydrogen bonds formed by both outer-sphere water molecules and water molecules of the coordination environment of sodium atom.     

A new synthesis of (PhPSe2)2 (Woollins reagent) and its use in the synthesis of novel P-Se heterocycles

A new and improved method for the preparation of (PhPSe2)2 (Woollins reagent (WR), 1) is reported. Reaction of dichlorophenylphosphine with Na2Se, (prepared from the reaction of elemental selenium and sodium in liquid ammonia) gives WR with excellent purity, high yield and on a larger scale than was previously possible. Four novel phosphorus-selenium heterocycles, including a spirocyclic heterocycle exhibiting a four-membered P2SeC ring, were obtained from the reaction of WR with two reactive substrates (diphenylcyclopropenone and methyl phenylpropiolate). Useful selenocarbonyl and thiocarbonyl compounds were obtained from the reaction of both WR and Lawesson's reagent with diphenylcyclopropenone. All new compounds were characterised spectroscopically and three demonstrative X-ray structures are reported.     

对烷氧基苯甲醛合成方法的改进

对烷氧基苯甲醛合成方法的改进董恒山杨世琰＊殷元骐（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州７３００００）关键词对烷氧基苯甲醛，Ｗｉｌｉａｍｓｏｎ醚合成，Ｃａｎｎｉｚｚａｒｏ反应１９９６－０４－１８收稿，１９９６－０８－０９修回对烷氧基苯甲醛是合成液晶材料和有...