牙膏产品有潜在危害

由第四军医大学口腔医学院完成的一项实验研究显示．牙膏中常用的去垢成分十二烷基酸钠（SDS）对人体健康有潜在危害。牙膏不是含氟就好，尤其儿童最需注意。     

利用手持技术选择氢氧化铁胶体渗析实验半透膜

利用pH传感器、电导率传感器来间接比较胶棉膜、鸡蛋壳、硫酸纸、保鲜膜等生活中常见的半透膜对Fe（OH）3胶体的渗析功能,确定适合在中学开展胶体渗析实验探究中使用的半透膜。此方法简便、快捷、直观,对开展中学化学的扩展性研究和提高课堂教学效率有一定的价值。     

饮用水加氟或使用氟化物牙膏须知

为了预防龋齿病 ,人们制造了约含氟为千分之一的氟化钠牙膏或氟化锶牙膏 ;有些城市在自来水中添加0 5～ 1× 10 - 6 的氟。但是 ,值得注意的是 ,氟化物牙膏和氟化水都只能供低氟区的居民使用 ,而高氟区居民不能使用氟化物牙膏或在饮水中添加氟。否则 ,不仅无利而且有害。据报道 ,广州市自来水从 196 6年起加氟 ,十多年过去了 ,调查结果表明 ,龋齿发病率减少不大 ,但斑采由齿发病率增长较大 ,弊多利少 ,故省政府做出决定 ,自 1983年 10月起停止在自来水中添加氟。对于高氟地区 ,如我国北方等干旱地区 ,不仅不要使用氟化物牙膏 ,不要在饮水中…     

氟烷基取代的双酚A类衍生物的合成

利用相转移催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)催化的连二亚硫酸钠引发的苯酚衍生物与含氟碘代烷的氟烷基化反应, 合成了含氟烷基取代的酚类化合物. 研究了双酚A与含氟碘代烷的氟烷基化反应, 得到了一类重要的含氟单体, 即含氟烷基取代的双酚A衍生物. 通过改变含氟碘代烷与双酚A的摩尔比, 可以得到单取代、二取代和四取代的含氟烷基双酚A衍生物.     

介孔硅上芘荧光团在氟离子测定中的应用

龋齿是儿童最常见的疾病之一,适量的氟可以促进牙釉质内形成氟磷灰石,增强牙齿的抗酸和抗龋能力.氟还可以抑制或杀灭致龋变链菌,减少牙菌斑沉积,降低龋齿发生.在牙膏中加入适量的氟是预防龋齿最简便易行的方法,但过量的氟会导致慢性中毒.牙膏是人们的生活必需用品,目前市场上销售的含氟牙膏越来越多,因此准确测定牙膏中氟的含量很有必要.文献报道了一些氟离子测定的分光光度法,包括基于分子识别[1-3]或置换反应[4-7]的方法,这些方法的主要缺点是许多阴离子和阳离子会与氟竞争结合位点,严重干扰氟离子的测定.     

用环加成反应合成含氟杂环化合物的研究

综述了近年来利用一些新型的含氟砌块，通过它们的环加成反应来高效地合成 含氟杂环化合物的研究，其中包括以下两个部分：(1)用1，3—偶极环加成反应合 成五元含氟杂环化合物；(2)用杂原于Diels-Alder反应合成六元含氟杂环化合物．     

含氟牙膏对预防龋齿作用的体外模拟——推荐一个针对非化学专业学生的普通化学设计实验

介绍一个针对非化学专业学生开设的普通化学设计实验。以蛋壳为牙齿的替代物,探究含氟牙膏对预防龋齿的作用。实验内容贴近生活,涉及很多化学相关原理;实验形式新颖,可拓展性和创新性强。在实验讲义编写上采用互动提问模式,通过问答引导学生进行实验设计。     

含氟侧链在自交联含氟乳胶膜上的排列

借助JC2000A静态接触角测量仪和XPS对所制备的自交联含氟乳液涂膜进行表征及分析, 分别利用实验法和基团贡献法计算涂膜的表面自由能, 探讨含氟侧链在自交联含氟乳胶膜的排列. 结果表明, 增加含氟单体的用量, 可以降低含氟聚合物涂膜的表面自由能, 但当含氟单体用量超过20.3％时, 涂膜的表面自由能的变化不大, 含氟乳胶膜具有良好的自我恢复性能. 进一步的研究结果表明, 含氟聚合物乳液成膜后含氟侧链在涂膜表面的排列是一种无规则排列.     

纳米二氧化锰型固体pH电极的研制及其在含氟腐蚀体系中的应用

1引言酸度的测定在工业、农业、生物、医学、环保等领域有着十分重要的意义,目前广泛采用玻璃电极测量。然而,玻璃电极存在一定的不足,由于它是采用极薄的玻璃膜作为H+的敏感膜,致使玻璃电极极易破碎,难以适宜于强搅拌体系和对玻璃有腐蚀作用的体系,如含氟体系。故多年来对非玻璃型pH传感器的研究一直是个热门的研究课题。其中又以金属/金属氧化物型固体pH电极倍受关注。由于纳米MnO2电极具有较好的pH响应性能,本文利用丝网印刷技术制备了MnO2印刷电极,并研究了此印刷电极在含氟体系pH测定中的应用。2实验方法2．1仪器与试剂φ1…     

含氟抗菌单体的合成和抗菌口腔粘接材料的构建

将1-氯代十二烷与1-乙烯基咪唑进行季铵化反应制备咪唑盐单体, 用氟置换氯离子, 制得含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体, 利用氢核磁共振波谱对合成的中间产物及含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体进行表征. 将氟离子以有机氟的形式引入粘接系统中, 通过释氟试验和接触抗菌实验研究了含氟咪唑盐抗菌单体改性粘接剂的氟离子释放行为和粘接剂的抗菌性能. 同时, 利用粘接强度测试检测含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体改性对粘接剂粘接性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 所合成的含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体具有良好的抗菌作用, 能实现靶向防龋能力, 且添加到粘接系统中后不影响粘接剂的粘接性能, 具有潜在的临床价值.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.