"类比"方法在化学通识课程教学中的应用实践

量子化学是一门专业性很强的理论课程,在开展"量子世界探秘"通识教育时,采用了类比教学方法,将知识点以概念类比、文化类比等方式进行归纳分析,有效解决了学生物理基础弱、课程专业性强之间的矛盾,降低了学习难度,避免了学生在学习深奥理论知识时产生的排斥心理,激发了学生的创新思维与学科交叉意识。     

综合性大学通识课程“化学与健康”的教学探索

通识课程是高校专业教学内容的重要组成部分,对于提高本科人才培养质量具有深远的作用。通识课“化学与健康”的教学内容涉及化学、生命、药学、医学、环境等学科。该课程可以拓宽学生知识面、促进多学科交叉,达到提高科学素养的目的。以通识课“化学与健康”教学实践为基础,针对综合性大学该课程的建设基础、课程目标及教学内容设计、教学方法与手段、教学效果、思政元素的引入等方面进行了讨论,调研了国外相关课程设置的特点,为加强高校、尤其是综合性大学通识课程的建设提供参考。     

新工科背景下通识教育类课程的教学模式探索*——以材料导论课程为例

通识教育类课程是新工科背景下推进大类招生与专业分流的重要组成部分。针对高校通识教育类课程教学过程中存在的弊端,从课程定位、教学方式、资源配置和评价体系等4个方面进行统筹规划、整体推进,以最大程度地提升学生的学习效果和人才的培养质量,旨为通识教育类课程的教学改革提供一定的参考。     

“化学与社会”课程体系建设

主要介绍通识课"化学与社会"的课程体系建设,其特点在于突出课程的"通识"性。课程通过帮助学生消除对化学的误解和向学生介绍社会中的化学常识,来加强对学生科学思辨能力的培养。     

化学通识课程“人文化学”中的文化自信培养——中国陶瓷的魅力

通识教育是引领广大学子形成完整的知识架构,走向智与美兼具的人生的重要课程。本文以笔者所开设的化学类通识课程“人文化学”中讨论中国陶瓷的部分为例,介绍了中国陶瓷发展的几个重要阶段的艺术特色及其背后的化学基础,探索了如何在通识教育中将科学知识与文化底蕴有机结合,激励学生增强民族文化自信,培养学生提高科学和人文素养。     

化学与社会:跨学科视角下的通识课教学新探索

从通识教育的时代要求和化学的学科地位出发，首先讨论了在化学类通识课程建设中引入跨学科视角的意义和可操作性。随后以通识课"化学与社会"的建设为例，系统地分享了引入跨学科视角后的课程设计理念和内容框架建设，通过课堂实施方案的论述和特色实例的分享总结了课程实施经验，并以学生访谈资料分析讨论了课程取得的效果和需要进一步完善的方向。以期为跨学科理念在化学教育教学实践中的转化和落地开拓思路、提供经验。     

化学类通识教育公选课的“三知三性”改革与实践——以“微量元素与人体健康”为例*

以综合性大学开设的化学类通识教育公共选修课“微量元素与人体健康”为例,应用“三知三性”的教学理念对课程进行改革与实践,将化学知识、医药卫生知识、人文历史知识进行有机融合,同时实现课程思政性、科普性、趣味性的协调统一,为大学化学与健康系列通识教育公选课的课程建设提供有效的新方法与新思路。     

“高科技中的光化学之美”通识教育课程的设计与教学实践

通识教育在高等教育中起到了越来越重要的作用，而开设新的通识课程也成为了高校教学改革的一个研究热点。笔者在北京化工大学针对全校所有专业低年级学生开设了一门新的选修课——“高科技中的光化学之美”。课程以现代光化学科技发展为背景，主要采用了PPT中插入科技短视频、现场实验和实物展示为主要的教学手段，并结合美育教学，不仅开拓了学生的视野和提高了学生的科学素养，而且培养和发掘了学生的兴趣和好奇心，从而让学生能更深入地认识和热爱科技之美，激励学生将来进一步地去发现和创造美好的世界。     

基于现实场景导入的高分子通识课程建设

为了培养符合新时代需求的高素质拔尖人才，打造一流的高分子通识课程，本文分析了传统高分子通识课程教学中存在的痛点问题，从教学内容、授课方式和考核方式等方面提出改革思路，并在《高分子与人类生活》教学实践过程中重构适合跨专业学生的课程框架，搭建现实场景导入的知识模块，探索现实场景导入的“探究式-小班化”教学方法，推进以现实场景为基础的全过程考核，实现了良好的教学效果。该教学改革思路可以推广到其他专业的通识课程和公共课程建设。     

基于学科交叉融合的通识选修课程建设实践——以“化学与文物考古”课程为例

在“双一流”建设背景下,如何通过课程实施来培养具有跨学科素养的复合型人才已成为一流本科专业人才培养的目标问题。以“化学与文物考古”课程为例,归纳出了基于学科交叉融合的通识选修课程建设的基本做法和实践经验,特别是此课程使不同专业的学生接触到了跨学科素养形成所依赖的跨学科内容,从而为高校培养具备综合创新能力的跨学科人才提供重要抓手。因此,本课程的实践探索可为高校交叉学科融合的通识选修课程的建设提供经验启示。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.