QuEChERS/GC-MS法测定水产品中的硫丹及其代谢物

建立了QuEChERS法提取净化、气相色谱质谱联用仪测定水产品中的硫丹(α-硫丹和β-硫丹)及其代谢物硫丹硫酸盐的方法。样品用10 mL乙腈提取,取1 mL加入PSA和C18粉末振荡后离心,上清液过滤膜后用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定。3种物质在0.5~100μg/L范围内线性良好,在1,5,10μg/kg3个浓度水平下3种目标物平均添加回收率在72.3%~101.6%之间,RSD小于10%,定量限为0.5μg/kg,满足进出口检测要求,已应用于水产品中硫丹残留的测定。     

气相色谱法测定鳗鱼中残留的硫丹

建立了气相色谱检测鳗鱼中残留的硫丹（包括α-硫丹和β-硫丹）的方法。鳗鱼样品经过提取、净化,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法进行硫丹含量的测定。α-硫丹和β-硫丹的检测低限均为1 μg/kg;α-硫丹和β-硫丹在2～50 μg/kg范围内其含量与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.999;α-硫丹和β-硫丹在添加水平为1.0,2.0,5.0 μg/kg时,回收率分别为74%～89%和89%~98%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~7.2%和4.7%~8.7%。表明方法的重现性和准确性都非常好。     

冷冻去脂-固相萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水产品中硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯和溴氰菊酯残留量

建立了气相色谱快速测定水产品中硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯和溴氰菊酯的残留量的方法。样品经过V(丙酮)∶V(正己烷)=1∶1提取,冷冻去除脂肪后,再用中性氧化铝SPE柱净化,然后用GC-μECD测定,外标法定量。对样品的提取和净化进行了研究和优化。目标化合物在0.005~0.1 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9994~0.9997。在0.005~0.02 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率在78.3%~89.2%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~9.7%。方法可用于水产品中硫丹、硫丹硫酸酯和溴氰菊酯残留量的检验。     

气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱法测定水产品中残留的硫丹及其代谢物

建立了水产品中α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯残留量的分析方法。样品经丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂提取、转溶至乙腈中、冷冻去除油脂、活性炭和中性氧化铝固相萃取小柱(SPE)串联净化处理后,以选择离子方式进行气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱分析,采用外标法定量。硫丹和硫丹硫酸酯的选择离子分别为m/z 406,408,404,372和m/z 386,388,384,422。每种化合物的最低定量检测限为0.5 μg/kg,回收率为83%～105%,相对标准偏差低于13%。该方法简单、快速、准确,能满足水产品中硫丹残留的检测需要。     

超声辅助萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹及硫丹

建立了超声辅助萃取(UAE)-分散液液微萃取(DLLME)/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹和硫丹,并对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化。在最优条件下,六氯苯、林丹及α-硫丹的线性范围为1.0~1 000μg/L,检出限分别为0.47、0.39及0.63μg/L;β-硫丹线性范围为5.0~1 000μg/L,检出限为2.44μg/L;相对标准偏差(RSDs)为8.3%~11.7%(n=7)。用该方法对环境水样中的六氯苯、林丹及硫丹进行了分析,自来水、灌溉水、湖水样的平加标回收率分别为94.2%~100.4%、89.4%~99.4%和69.6%~96.3%。     

改进QuChERS-气质联用法测定蔬菜中氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈残留量

建立了蔬菜中氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈残留量的同时检测方法。样品以1%乙酸-乙腈为提取剂,应用改进的QuChERS方法对样品提取液进行净化,并利用气质联用在选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下进行检测,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:在2～10μg/kg添加水平范围内,氟虫腈和丁烯氟虫腈的平均回收率分别为99.8%～120.5%和96.4%～124.9%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为1.8%～11%和2.1%～7.4%;两者的方法检出限(LOD)均为2μg/kg;定量限(LOQ)均为6μg/kg。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水产品中氟虫腈残留

以乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)为吸附剂,建立了分散固相萃取-气相色谱法检测水产品中氟虫腈的残留量的分析方法。方法采用乙腈提取,正己烷除脂,然后经PSA和C18吸附剂净化后进样分析。方法的线性范围为0.5~25μg/L,相关系数r≥0.9991;当氟虫腈的加标水平在1.2~4.0μg/kg时,其回收率为75.6%~102.8%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~6.4%;方法检出限为0.4μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。     

气相色谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中敌敌畏残留量

建立了水产品中敌敌畏残留量检测的两种不同方法,比较了气相色谱(GC)与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法的适用性。GC法检出限为3.0μg/kg,定量限为10.0μg/kg;LC-MS/MS法检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。当敌敌畏添加水平在5.0~15.0μg/kg时,GC法方法回收率为75.0%~90.9%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.6%;LC-MS/MS法方法回收率为89.7%~98.1%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~5.0%。结果表明,应用GC与LC-M S/M S检测方法均能满足水产品中敌敌畏残留分析要求,但在不考虑实验成本的前提下,LC-MS/MS法更具有优势。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定紫菜中扑草净的残留量

建立了固相萃取净化与气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定紫菜中扑草净除草剂残留量的检测方法。样品由乙腈溶剂提取浓缩后,活性炭和氨基柱双柱串联固相萃取净化,由气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定。方法定量限为2μg/kg,满足国外最低10μg/kg的限量要求;方法在10,40和100μg/kg 3个添加水平和不同人员操作条件下,回收率均稳定在90%~120%之间,RSD%≤7.1%。     

气相色谱法测定活泥鳅中硫丹及其硫酸盐残留

建立了检测活泥鳅中α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸盐残留量的气相色谱法.泥鳅样品经过正己烷-丙酮混合液提取后,转溶至乙腈中,冷冻去脂,再经中性氧化铝小柱净化处理,用丙酮-正己烷(体积比1:2)洗脱,洗脱液用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测,外标法定量.标准曲线的线性范围为10～100 ng/mL,相关系数不小于0.998,硫丹定量限为3.3 μg/kg,检出限为1.0 μg/kg.进行4.0,8.0和10.0 μg/kg 3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率为91.3％～105.4％.该方法分析成本低,测定结果准确,能满足常规检测及食品安全监控的需要.     

水生动物及水产品中硫丹及其代谢物残留量的气相色谱-质谱测定

建立了水生动物及水产品中农药硫丹及其代谢物残留量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法;样品经溶剂提取、凝胶层析柱净化;以氦气为载气,甲烷气为反应气,程序升温及负化学源(NCI)电离方式,采用气质联用仪在选择离子监测模式下进行快速测定,保留时间和离子相对丰度比定性、外标法定量;方法定量下限为0.004 mg/kg。在鳗鱼、泥鳅、鲶鱼、虾4种样品中添加不同浓度的硫丹时,其平均添加回收率在71%~87%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)小于10%。     

Outcompeting GC for the detection of legacy chlorinated pesticides: online-SPE UPLC APCI/MSMS detection of endosulfans at part per trillion levels

Endosulfan, the last remaining organochlorine pesticide, has been the subject of a number of international regulations and restriction/banning action plans worldwide. Occurrence of endosulfan residues in South Florida environments has been widely described in the literature for more than two decades. This work describes a selective, sensitive, and fast online solid-phase extraction (SPE) method coupled with liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate in water samples at low part per trillion levels with very little sample preparation. A negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source was carefully optimized to produce reproducible spectra of the target compounds with no adduct ion formation. Selected reaction monitoring transitions were monitored and quantitation was performed against a per-deuterated internal standard β-endosulfan (d4). The automated online SPE clean-up was performed using only 20 mL of untreated water sample prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. The method was capable of separating and quantifying endosulfan within a 24-min run using acetonitrile and water as mobile phases and presenting statistically calculated method detection limits of 3, 10, and 7 ng/L for endosulfan sulfate, α-endosulfan, and β-endosulfan, respectively. In addition, a QuEChERS method was successfully developed and applied for endosulfan determination in sediments/soils, floating and submerged algal mats, and small fish. Minimal matrix effects were observed in all matrices analyzed and recoveries for all analytes ranged from 50–144 %. The developed methodology was applied to monitor the occurrence and to assess the potential transport of endosulfan in the Loveland Slough watershed, an area adjacent to Everglades National Park showing long-term contamination with endosulfans.     

液相色谱在线净化-电喷雾串联质谱测定水产品中大环内酯和林可胺类药物残留

建立了水产品中大环内酯类抗生素[红霉素(ERM)、罗红霉素(ROM)、替米卡星(TIL)、泰乐菌素(TYL)、北里霉素(KIT)、交沙霉素(JOS)、竹桃霉素(OLM)、螺旋霉素Ⅰ(SPM-Ⅰ)]和林可胺类(林可霉素(LIN)和氯林可霉素(CLD))的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法.样品经提取、反相液相色谱分离净化后进行质谱分析,在选择反应监测模式(SRM)下进行特征母-子离子对信号采集.根据保留时间和母离子及两个特征子离子信息定性分析,以基峰离子进行定量.大环内酯类残留的检出限(S/N=3)为0.1～0.2μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,在1.0～200 ng/mL时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R~2 >0.99).在虾、鳗鱼和带鱼3种基质中1.0、2.0、10.0μg/kg 3个添加水平下,除个别药物外,药物的平均回收率范围为64%～114%,RSD<12%.该法适用于各种水产品中大环内酯类残留的分析.     

Analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters in food simulants from plastic food contact materials by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS

An RP LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the determination of the migration of 16 primary phthalic acid esters from plastic samples has been developed using distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% alcohol, and olive oil as food simulants. Detection limits were 1.6–18.5 μg/kg in distilled water, 1.4–17.3 μg/kg in 3% acetic acid, 1.4–19.2 μg/kg in 10% alcohol, and 31.9–390.8 μg/kg in olive oil. The RSDs were in the range of 0.07–11.28%. The real plastic products inspection showed that only few analyzed samples were phthalates contaminated. Bis‐2‐ethylhexyl ester and dibutyl phthalate were the common items migrated from the plastic products into food and feeds, but the migration concentrations were far below the limits set by European Union (1.5 mg/kg for bis‐2‐ethylhexyl ester and 0.3 mg/kg for dibutyl phthalate).     

Residue analysis of 10 aminoglycoside antibiotics in aquatic products by multiwalled carbon nanotubes combined with mixed-mode ion exchange liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of aminoglycosides in edible parts of aquatic products. The samples were extracted with 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, then the pH value of the extract was adjusted to neutral by sodium hydroxide. Half volume of the extract was loaded onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes cartridge. All the target compounds were separated on a mixed-mode ion exchange column and detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray in the positive ionization mode. Under optimized conditions, this method had a good linearity with a squared correlation coefficient > 0.999. For neomycin, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 5.0 μg/kg and 10.0 μg/kg, respectively; for hygromycin B and apramycin, values were 2.0 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively; for the other seven kinds of aminoglycosides, values were 1.0 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries presented 75.8%–107.2% with intra- and interday reproducibility ranging between 3.8% and 12.5%. The method was rapid with good separation and sharp peak shapes, had the characteristicsis of high accuracy and good precision, and was suitable for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of aminoglycosides in aquatic products.     

Simultaneous determination of malachite green, crystal violet, methylene blue and the metabolite residues in aquatic products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

This work describes solid-phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry for determination of malachite green and metabolite leucomalachite green, crystal violet and metabolite leucocrystal violet, methylene blue and metabolites including azure A, azure B and azure C in aquatic products. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer and purified by liquid extraction with dichloromethane, and then on MCAX solid-phase extraction cartridges. Then the extract was evaporated at 45°C by nitrogen blow. The residue was dissolved and separated by an Acquity BEH C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A) and 5 mmol/L of ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid (B). Analytes were confirmed and quantified using a tandem mass spectrometry system in multiple reaction mode with triple quadrupole analyzer using positive polarity mode. The limits of detection of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet were 0.15 μg/kg, the limits of quantification were 0.50 μg/kg, and the average recoveries were more than 75% with spiked residues from 0.5 to 10 μg/kg. The relative standard deviations were less than 13%. The limits of detection of methylene blue, azure A, azure B and azure C were 0.3 μg/kg, the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/kg, the average recoveries were more than 70% with spiked residues from 1.0 to 10 μg/kg and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. The method has the merits of simplicity, sensitivity and rapidity, and can be used for simultaneous determination of the analytes in aquatic products.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速测定水产品中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素

通过超声提取、固相萃取纯化、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速测定水产品中的微囊藻毒素-RR、-YR、-LR和节球藻毒素.分别采用选择离子监测质荷比(m/z)为519.84、1045.66、995.67、825.54分子离子峰进行定量分析.该法检出限为5.0～10.0μg/kg,在浓度0.02～5mg/kg的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;4种藻毒素的回收率为76.2％～93.7％,相对标准偏差为2.0％～7.1％.采用上述方法对45个太湖水产品样品进行测定,发现有少量水产品中存在藻毒素污染,其中微囊藻毒素-RR最高含量为15.2μg/kg,微囊藻毒素-LR最高含量为0.84μg/kg,MC-YR、节球藻毒素均未检出.此方法可作为监测水产品体内蓄积藻毒素的分析方法.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘及柑橘精油中4种农药残留

建立了柑橘及柑橘精油中吡虫啉、多菌灵、咪鲜胺和高效氯氰菊酯4种农药的多残留分析方法。前处理方法以乙腈为提取剂、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)在多反应离子监测模式(MRM)下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.01～1.00mg/kg添加水平范围内,4种农药的平均回收率为72.6%～113.3%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.9%～19.6%;方法检出限(LOD)在0.02～0.60μg/kg范围内;定量限(LOQ)在0.06～2.00μg/kg范围内。     

Chemometric study and optimization of extraction parameters in single-drop microextraction for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in grapes and apples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid single-drop microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SDME–GC/MS) for the determination of 20 pesticides with different physicochemical properties in grapes and apples was optimized by the use of a multivariate strategy. Emphasis on the optimization study was given to the role of ionic strength, sugar concentration and pH of the donor sample solution prepared from the fruit samples. Since all three variables were found to affect negatively SDME (a lower extraction efficiency was observed as the values of variables were increased for most of the pesticides studied), donor sample solution was optimized using a central composite design to evaluate the optimum pH value and the optimum dilution of the sample extract. With some exceptions (chlorpyrifos ethyl, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, pyriproxyfen, λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin), the optimum method included the dilution of the analytical sample by 12.5-fold with a buffered acetone/water solution at pH = 4 and exhibited good analytical characteristics for the majority of target analytes (pyrimethanil, pirimicarb, metribuzin, vinclozolin, fosthiazate, procymidone, fludioxonil, kresoxim methyl, endosulfan sulfate, fenhexamid, iprodione, phosalone, indoxacarb and azoxystrobin) by providing high enrichment factors (14–328), low limits of detection (0.0003–0.007 μg/g), and good precision (relative standard deviations below 15%).