高分子的θ溶液

θ溶液是高分子溶液中的理想溶液。本文简要介绍了高分子θ溶液在高分子溶液研究中的重要性 ,对高分子θ溶液的本质以及它与真正的理想溶液的差别作了较为详细的讨论     

氯水和溴化钾、碘化钾溶液反应现象的探讨

对氯水与碘化钾溶液、溴化钾溶液反应出现的现象通过实验进行了探讨,分析了氯水和KI溶液反应后的溶液用CCl4萃取生成的碘时出现异常现象的原因,提出了做好氯水与碘化钾溶液反应实验的方法。     

碳酸氢钠溶液稳定性的探究*

绘制了溶液pH与碳酸氢钠分解率的标准曲线。分别测定了室温放置和沸水浴2种情况下溶液中碳酸氢钠的分解率,利用热力学数据计算了溶液中碳酸氢钠的最大分解率。指出保存碳酸氢钠溶液时容器必须密封且尽可能盛满溶液;除去碳酸钠溶液中的碳酸氢钠不宜采用加热方法。     

二元无机溶液的折射分析

研究了二元无机溶液的折射分析法,得到了联系二元无机溶液浓度、密度和折射率的方程,并用氯化钠溶液和溴化钾溶液对该方程进行了验证.配制了不同浓度的氯化钠溶液和溴化钾溶液各7种,在20℃下用阿贝折射仪测定各溶液的折射率和密度.将试验测量的折射率值和该方程的计算值进行了比较,发现两者吻合,最大差值在10-4量级上,在仪器的误差范围内.结果表明:该方程是获得不同浓度的二元无机溶液的折射率的简便而快速的方法.     

盐酸和氯化钙混合溶液中滴加碳酸钠溶液pH变化的实验探究*

盐酸、氯化钙混合溶液中滴加碳酸钠溶液,当碳酸钙沉淀出现后,混合溶液pH是否基本不变？此时的pH是否为7？为此用数字化实验对盐酸、氯化钙混合溶液中滴加碳酸钠溶液pH的变化进行了探讨,对平台段的出现及平台段溶液pH进行了实验探究和理论分析。     

硫酸亚铁及氯化铁与硫酸亚铁混合溶液与氢氧化钠溶液反应的沉淀pH曲线的测定及分析

应用手持技术pH传感器,测定了NaOH溶液滴定FeSO4溶液的t-pH曲线,应用origin 9.0分析实验数据,探讨了空气对Fe2+沉淀pH的影响;通过测定并分析FeSO4溶液滴定NaOH溶液的pH曲线,发现了溶液最终pH受金属离子水解程度的影响;通过测定并分析NaOH溶液滴定FeCl3和FeSO4混合溶液的pH曲线,探讨了Fe2+和Fe3+的互相影响,使其沉淀pH范围发生变化;通过测定并分析FeCl3和FeSO4混合溶液滴定NaOH溶液的pH曲线,验证了Fe2+和Fe3+的水解程度不同,Fe （OH）3和Fe （OH）2的存在条件也不一样。     

非电解质溶液理论的新思路

对溶液的讨论提出了一个新思路,即用传统的热力学研究方法来讨论溶液领域中的有关问题,提出了非电质溶液新的微观解释及相关概念,并用该观点讨论了几种典型的溶液。     

过饱和铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究现状*

过饱和铝酸钠溶液分解是氧化铝生产过机理的研究是氧化铝生产过程的重要基础问题.本文对过饱和铝酸钠溶液中铝酸根离子存在的基本形态,浓度、苛性比和阳离子对铝酸钠溶液结构性质的影响,溶液中多种铝酸根离子平衡与转化规律,以及铝酸钠溶液分解机理研究的现状进行了总结和评述;分析了现有铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的不足;围绕强化氧化铝生产中铝酸钠溶液分解过程的目的,提出了铝酸钠溶液结构性质与分解机理研究的重点.     

强酸和弱酸混合溶液直接滴定的条件

讨论了强酸和弱酸混合溶液直接滴定的条件,并绘制了混合溶液滴定曲线,为强酸和弱酸混合溶液的滴定提供了理论根据。     

碳酸氢钠溶液中微粒浓度大小的研究

对碳酸氢钠溶液中微粒浓度作了定性分析,发现了碳酸氢钠溶液浓度的3个临界点,预测溶液中微粒浓度大小顺序。通过定量计算求得碳酸氢钠3个临界点的溶液浓度,3个临界点将碳酸氢钠溶液浓度分成4个范围,得出在每个浓度范围内相应的微粒浓度大小顺序。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.