化学青年教师实验素养的问题表现与提升路径—基于 2020年江苏省高中化学青年教师教学基本功大赛

江苏省高中化学青年教师教学基本功大赛突出了对教师实验素养的考查。大赛中对教师实验素养考查的内容有6个项目。通过观摩大赛,发现部分选手实验素养较弱,表现在化学实验安全知识“口是心非”,化学基础原理知识“似是而非”,化学实验内容设计未能体现“以生为本”,化学实验操作未能“精益求精”。分析青年教师实验素养问题的原因,提出青年教师实验素养提升的路径有:落实教师实验素养提升培训活动,开展实验创新研讨活动,突出基于实验内容的教学设计。     

五年制学前教育专科生培养中绿色化学理念的渗透

从提高化学素养、增强职业修养、改善生活习惯3个角度分析了向五年制学前教育专科生渗透绿色化学理念的必要性,并结合已有实践从化学学科教学、课外实践活动、科学兴趣小组、绿色化学实验4个方面探讨了如何有效地在五年制学前教育专科生培养中渗透绿色化学理念。     

广泛的应用化学实验是提高学生知识质量的主要条件之一

1.化学实验在化学教学过程中的意义化学教师工作的效果也如其他各科教师一样,系于很多的条件:思想政治的修养,科学的修养,教育的修养,在课前仔细准备进行每一课教学的完全高度的质量,有系统的考察学生的知识,在教学各个阶段中接近每一个学生,及时去帮助个别学生。在所有这些条件中,对化学教     

以史为鉴谈化学教师的素养

化学教师,不仅是化学知识的传授者,而且是智力资源的开发者和品德行为的指导者。化学教师的素养,直接关系到化学教育的兴衰成败,对学生的道德、伦理、品质、志趣、修养、知识、能力、作风、习惯、态度、方法等,有非常重要的影响。     

研究型教师培养的“微型化学实验”教学模式

研究型教师培养的“微型化学实验”教学模式是形成职前化学教师实验研究素养的有效途径.其基本特征为:选题的适切性、研究的自主性、能力的生成性和实验的创新性.实践表明,这一教学模式的实施有利于师范生实验研究、实验教学和创新能力的提高,能够促进教师专业化的发展.     

化学实验熟练技巧的成长

先进的化学教师们的工作经验证明,化学实验的工作只有在教师和同学们共同来完成时,才能巩固同学们知识,正确地运用实验操作是获得化学基本知识的工具,故要求同学们能培养出一系列的实验技术及修养。如果缺乏培养这种技术修养,则常会使同学们在作实验时将自己的注意力集中在操作的技术上,而不注     

试论化学实验素养

在推进素质教育的进程中,素养、科学素养、实验素养等词语频频出现,学术界对其概念的意义及内涵的解说众说纷纭,见解各异,至今尚未定论。1化学实验素养的涵义素养即平素的修养,是个人修养所达到的程度及表现,是一个人思想、文化、道德及技能等诸方面实际水平的综合体现。素养和     

基于化学学科核心素养发展的试题测量目标分析及启示*——以2019年全国高考Ⅰ卷部分化学试题为例

从2019年全国高考Ⅰ卷理综化学试题中,选择物质性质及应用、化学实验和化学反应原理等3个典型内容领域的3道选择题,基于化学学科核心素养发展进行试题测量目标分析。淡化具体知识的识记要求、强化基于核心主干知识支撑下的有效认识、分析和解决问题的综合能力,是高考的价值取向和素养导向。教师对试题的分析应从“知识为本”走向“素养为本”,素养立意的高考试题呼唤课堂教学转型,教师需加强对课堂转型内涵及其要求的认识。     

试论化学核心素养的结构

化学核心素养包含了“化学”的素养、“核心”的素养、“人”的素养三重意蕴。基于对化学核心素养的概念分析和层次分析,提出其四维度结构模型。在4个维度中,“化学基本观念”是基础维度,“化学过程”和“化学在生活中的应用”是2个活化维度,“对化学的态度”是动力维度。化学核心素养为学术性化学素养和生活性化学素养的发展同时奠定了基础。把握3种化学素养在结构和具体维度上的差异有助于理解化学核心素养的内涵,也有助于把握中学化学课程中不同模块的教学定位。     

西部农村初中化学实验教学现状调查——以甘肃省某县为例

选取甘肃省某县为调查对象,对目前西部农村初中化学实验教学的现状进行调查,分析实验教学中存在的问题及原因。调查显示目前西部农村初中化学实验教学中存在的问题主要有:教师教学理念"陈旧",教师化学实验教学素养较低,学生实验活动缺少合理的评价,教师责任感和教学动力缺失,教师缺乏实验教学的策略,化学实验室正常运转困难,这都会影响化学实验教学。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.