高中化学新课程《物质结构与性质》选修模块学科问题访谈录——访北京师范大学化学学院结构化学专家李宗和教授

高中化学新课程将《物质结构与性质》(以下简称《结构》)设置为单独的选修模块,其目的是为了使学生了解人类探索物质结构的重要意义和基本方法;研究物质构成的奥秘;认识物质结构与性质之间的关系;提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。在此目标的统领下,模块的内容标准及相关内容与以     

促进学生学习微观抽象概念和理论的教学研究——以“分子间作用力与物质性质”为例

结合化学概念和理论课型的特点,以高中化学"物质结构与性质"模块"分子间作用力与物质性质"为课例,探讨如何合理组织教学内容和提供学习支架,使用实物模型加强对微观结构的理解,促进学生深入认识微观抽象概念和理论。     

“物质结构与性质”模块复习的微项目教学——植物补铁剂的成分、使用与发展

以“植物补铁”为微项目,进行选择性必修模块“物质结构与性质”与其他模块间融合的综合复习。2课时的微项目学习包括3个核心环节：确定植物补铁剂成分、研究补铁剂的保存与使用、改进补铁剂的结构与性质。基于实验证据与文献资料,研究硫酸亚铁晶体溶于水的过程中结构与性质的变化,建立宏观层面分析外界条件对化学反应影响的模型与微观层面分析物质结构的模型,最终应用模型对植物补铁剂进行性质调控与结构改良,深刻体会物质结构研究的价值,发展科学精神与创新能力。     

中学化学教师“物质结构与性质”模块学科知识状况调查分析

运用问卷调查方法,考查了化学教师对“物质结构与性质”模块知识的掌握情况,发现教师对“物质结构与性质”的掌握仅限于教材层面,不能从整体上把握知识体系,缺乏对教学价值的理解.     

高中化学选修模块教材《物质结构与性质》对学生认识发展的影响研究

具体探查了学生对于"物质结构与性质"这部分内容的已有认识和认识方式,发现学生在"原子结构"、"微粒间的相互作用"和"物质的聚集状态"方面的已有认识及认识方式存在着不少问题。随后运用山东科技版高中化学选修模块教材《物质结构与性质》对学生施加影响,通过多种方法研究学生认识方式的转变以及认识的形成发展。在此基础上,对在学生认识的发展过程中教材和不同的教学方式、教学策略所起的作用分别进行了讨论。     

高中化学“电负性”的项目式教学*——甲醛的危害与去除

电负性是高中化学选择性必修课程“物质结构与性质”模块的重要概念。本课例采用“项目式教学”的方式,在对“甲醛的危害与去除”的分析、讨论与实验过程中,加深对电负性概念的理解,同时尝试利用电负性分析与预测物质的化学性质,体会电负性概念的使用价值。     

促进学生有机物性质认识能力发展的“醇类”教学研究

以"有机化学基础"选修模块中醇类及相关内容的教学设计为研究对象,探讨了醇类知识对于促进学生以有机物性质认识能力为核心的有机化学认识素养发展的功能和价值,从促进学生有机物性质认识能力发展的角度设计并实施了凸显"结构分析-性质预测"的探究活动为主的醇类教学,通过问卷调查和对学生的访谈对教学效果进行检测,并进行了基于学生不同认识基础的"醇类"教学效果的对比研究,探研先期所学习的结构与性质关系以及反应类型等知识对于学生有机物性质认识能力发展的积极影响。     

尊重学生的认知规律 因材施教

《普通高中化学课程标准实验教科书（山东科技版）》必修和选修8个模块教材已全部出版。为了收集各方面的意见和建议,该套教材编写组在全国部分城市和地区进行了试教工作。我校化学组承接了《化学与生活》、《物质结构与性质》、《化学反应原理》3个选修模块中的部分章节的试教课题,本人选择的是《物质结构与性质》第3章中的第1节“认识晶体”的教学课题。     

高中化学必修与选择性必修教材融合的教学策略 ——以 “原子结构与元素周期律”为例

正1教学背景在2017年版新课标与"一核四层四翼"新高考评价体系大背景下,北京市高中化学"学"与"考"的模式为:全体高中学生必须修习4学分的必修课程(化学必修1和必修2),高一学年末参加北京市组织的学业水平"合格性"考试;选择化学计入高校招生录取总成绩的学生还需要修习选择性必修(下称"选必")3个模块的内容,高考参加学业水平"等级性"考试。面对高考选考化学的学生,北京市高二化学教学要完成《化学反应原理》《物质结构与性质》《有机化学基础》3个选必模块教材,每周4课时。     

硫及其化合物的分子结构分析

硫及其化合物的分子结构是高考选修模块“物质结构与性质”的常考内容。本文对常见硫的存在状态、单质及其化合物的结构进行分析总结,并给出相应的图示,以便深刻理解本部分内容。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

梦萦魂牵--《化学通报》复刊30年

哲学家和物理学家都喜欢研究和讨论“时间” ,时间之矢告诉人们光阴冉冉不复返 ,矢者失也。然而人们却总想回忆 ,寻找那些美好的或沮丧的过去 ,是安慰或自娱吧。我一直相信生活总是向前的 ,社会总是进步的 ,就和宇宙不停地膨胀一样。《化学通报》复刊已经 3 0年了 ,既然是复刊 ,必然先有停刊。历史总是把破坏和重建放在一起考虑的 ,才能找出规律。人们都说 2 0世纪是自然科学大发达的时代 ,然而 2 0世纪又是人类社会灾难最多的时代。正因如此 ,才促使科学多极化地、多样性地发展起来 ,从欧洲到美洲到亚洲 ,一点点 ,慢慢地扩散开来 ,也许 ,真…     

Size evolution study of "molecular" and "atom-in-cluster" polarizabilities of medium-size gold clusters

A study on static polarizabilities for a family of gold clusters (Au(n), n = 6, 12, 20, 34, 54) is presented. For each cluster, a density functional theory perturbation theory calculation was performed to compute the cluster polarizability and the polarizability of each atom in the cluster using Bader's "quantum theory of atoms in molecules" formalism. The cluster polarizability tensor, α(cluster), is expressed as a sum of the atom-in-molecule tensors, α(cluster)=∑(Ω)α(Ω). A strong quadratic correlation (R(2) = 0.98) in the isotropic polarizability of atoms in the cluster and their distance to the cluster center of mass was observed. The cluster polarizabilities are in agreement with previous calculations.