非化学化工专业《大学化学》课程教学改革研究

根据非化学化工专业特点,对"大学化学"课程进行了相应的教学改革。通过将大学化学课程内容与中学化学课程内容衔接、与专业应用相结合以及绪论课的教学改革,在有限学时内构建与专业应用紧密联系的"大学化学"知识体系,让学生明确学习化学知识的重要作用及意义,从而提高教学质量和人才培养质量。     

饮用水实验——推荐一个针对非化学专业的生活化学实验

在非化学专业本科生生活化学实验课程中尝试开设饮用水实验,针对非化学专业学生的特点,重新设计实验的教学内容,通过贴近生活的实验内容,普及饮用水常识,培养学生的化学科学素养。     

高分子化学教学中化学理论知识的有效融入

《高分子化学》是高分子材料与工程专业的一门重要的专业基础课程。高分子化学中融入了大量的基础化学理论知识,因此在《高分子化学》教学中适当地引入相关基础化学理论知识,将有利于帮助学生克服畏难心理,提高学生学习兴趣,有助于学生对重点难点的理解,有效提高教学效果。本文根据教学实践,介绍了自由基、活化能、过渡态等基础化学理论知识有效融入高分子化学教学的一些实例和心得体会。实践表明,通过以"旧知求新知"可以明显提高"教"与"学"的效果。     

非化学专业有机化学实验教学中对学生科研思维的培养

研究型大学对学生科研思维的培养至关重要,有机化学实验作为近化学专业类学生重要的基础实验课程,对学生操作技能、创新能力和科研思维培养有重要作用。本文以非化学专业本科生有机化学实验"大学化学实验(O)"的教学实践为例,从学生学习方式、教师教学方法、实验教学内容设置等方面阐述如何在教学过程中完成对学生科研思维的培养。     

大类培养模式下非化学化工专业有机化学教学改革

针对非化学化工专业学生在学习有机化学时出现的"有机化学无用论、乏味论和繁难论"等现象,对有机化学课程教学的各个环节(包括绪论设置、新课导入、课堂教学内容编排、教学手段、考核方式)进行改革探索,旨在为"促进非化学化工专业有机化学教学改革,提高学生学习效率"提供相应的研究思路和方法.     

工科化学课程的教学思考与实践

针对我校非化工专业的学生,运用多元化教学手段、启发式引导,以及培养学生用化学思维认知社会生活,完成化学理论知识传授的同时,也实现了"以学生为本"的教学理念,给学生以高素质的化学通才教育。     

夏季学期化学科普类实验课程的建设与探索

结合中国科学技术大学的三学期改制,在夏季学期面向全校非化学专业的低年级本科生开设生活中的化学科普实验公选课程。本文将从课程目标、课程内容、课程特色三方面进行介绍。该课程的开设为非化学专业学生提供了一个通过化学实验学习化学的机会,有利于开拓学生知识面,实现学科交融、文理渗透。     

环境化学与四大基础化学教学衔接的探究

环境工程专业必修课程环境化学与该专业四大基础化学课程(无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、分析化学)在教学内容上存在重复现象。为提高课堂教学效率和学生的学习积极性,本教学团队总结分析了环境化学与四大基础化学的相似知识点,采用更新优化教学内容,开展提问式、对比式、讨论式等多种教学方式,引导学生由"已知"探"新知",使知识层层深化,并利用"雨课堂"的教学模式助力教学衔接,提高教学效果。     

讨论式教学模式在《高分子化学》课程中的应用和思考

《高分子化学》是材料学专业特别是高分子材料专业重要的基础课程,其课程内容既包含理论科学又涉及实际应用。作为一门相对年轻的学科,有些概念和理论仍处在不断完善及发展中。从以学生为"主角"的角度出发,探讨了《高分子化学》讨论式教学的内容和形式,实现理论与实验教学的无缝连接并确立了相应的评价体系。通过将"讨论式"教学模式切实有效地融入到《高分子化学》课程当中,极大地调动学生的积极性,提高学生的综合素养,为后续专业课程打下坚实的基础。     

大学工程化学课程的教学实践

介绍非化学化工类专业工程化学教学中的一些方法。在学生基础较薄弱,学时较少的情况下,通过与中学化学知识的衔接,简化理论,注重应用实例剖析来提高学生的综合化学知识。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

Size evolution study of "molecular" and "atom-in-cluster" polarizabilities of medium-size gold clusters

A study on static polarizabilities for a family of gold clusters (Au(n), n = 6, 12, 20, 34, 54) is presented. For each cluster, a density functional theory perturbation theory calculation was performed to compute the cluster polarizability and the polarizability of each atom in the cluster using Bader's "quantum theory of atoms in molecules" formalism. The cluster polarizability tensor, α(cluster), is expressed as a sum of the atom-in-molecule tensors, α(cluster)=∑(Ω)α(Ω). A strong quadratic correlation (R(2) = 0.98) in the isotropic polarizability of atoms in the cluster and their distance to the cluster center of mass was observed. The cluster polarizabilities are in agreement with previous calculations.     

梦萦魂牵--《化学通报》复刊30年

哲学家和物理学家都喜欢研究和讨论“时间” ,时间之矢告诉人们光阴冉冉不复返 ,矢者失也。然而人们却总想回忆 ,寻找那些美好的或沮丧的过去 ,是安慰或自娱吧。我一直相信生活总是向前的 ,社会总是进步的 ,就和宇宙不停地膨胀一样。《化学通报》复刊已经 3 0年了 ,既然是复刊 ,必然先有停刊。历史总是把破坏和重建放在一起考虑的 ,才能找出规律。人们都说 2 0世纪是自然科学大发达的时代 ,然而 2 0世纪又是人类社会灾难最多的时代。正因如此 ,才促使科学多极化地、多样性地发展起来 ,从欧洲到美洲到亚洲 ,一点点 ,慢慢地扩散开来 ,也许 ,真…