盐酸吡哆辛在聚烟酸修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用电聚合方法制备了聚烟酸修饰玻碳电极(PNA/GCE),并利用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了盐酸吡哆辛(VB6)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,VB6在PNA/GCE上的氧化峰电流显著提高,电极反应为扩散控制的一电子两质子反应。利用差分脉冲伏安法对VB6进行测定,线性范围为0.08~400μmol/L,VB6的检出限为0.02μmol/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=8),加标回收率为95.8%~103.7%。该方法可用于VB6片中VB6含量的测定。     

聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用循环伏安法制备了聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极, 研究了对乙酰氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 该电极对对乙酰氨基酚有较强的电催化作用. 在pH 9.0的PBS缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了对乙酰氨基酚, 其线性范围分别为4.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为9.0×10-7 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L.     

盐酸吡哆辛在石墨烯-碳纳米管/聚烟酸复合修饰电极上的电化学行为研究及其测定

通过滴涂和电聚合的方法制备了石墨烯(GN)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/聚烟酸(PNA)修饰玻碳电极。利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法考察了盐酸吡哆辛(VB6)在此修饰电极上的电化学行为和测定方法。结果表明,VB6在此修饰电极上有一明显的不可逆氧化峰(Epa=1.049 V),该电极与GCE、PNA/GCE以及GN/MWCNT/GCE相比,VB6的氧化峰电流显著提高,电极反应为扩散控制的一电子两质子反应。利用差分脉冲伏安法对VB6进行测定,线性范围为0.05~200μmol/L,检出限为0.02μmol/L,相对平均偏差为3.1%(n=8)。本方法可用于测定VB6片和B族维生素片中的VB6含量测定,加标回收率为在96.1%~104.5%之间。     

掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

采用循环伏安法制备了掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极,用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了对乙酰氨基酚在掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为,建立了掺杂硒修饰碳糊电极测定对乙酰氨基酚的电化学方法。在pH 4.6的0.1mol·L-1乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,对乙酰氨基酚在+0.61V呈现一个灵敏的氧化峰。对乙酰氨基酚的浓度在6.0×10-7~1.5×10-4 mol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为2.8×10-7 mol·L-1。方法用于药品中对乙酰氨基酚的测定,测定结果与药典法测定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.1%~2.5%之间。     

对乙酰氨基酚在单壁碳纳米管/聚甘氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上先聚合甘氨酸,再用滴涂法修饰单壁碳纳米管制备单壁碳纳米管/聚甘氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极。研究了对乙酰氨基酚在修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明,修饰电极对对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原具有很好的电催化作用。采用差分脉冲伏安法测定不同浓度的对乙酰氨基酚,氧化峰电流与对乙酰氨基酚浓度在0.3~90μmol·L~(-1)范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为0.1μmol·L~(-1)。该法用于实际样品中对乙酰氨基酚的测定RSD小于2.5%,回收率范围为98.1~98.8%,结果令人满意。     

2,4-二硝基苯酚在类普鲁士蓝修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析应用研究

利用电化学沉积法制备了稀土铕(Ⅲ)离子掺杂的类普鲁士蓝化学修饰电极(Eu-PB/GC/CME),采用循环伏安法(CV)和示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了该修饰电极上2,4二-硝基苯酚的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极与裸电极相比能显著提高2,4二-硝基苯酚的还原峰电流,还原电位降低53 mV,线性范围明显增宽。还讨论了支持电解质种类、酸度、修饰层厚度和扫速等因素对2,4二-硝基苯酚伏安响应的影响。在优化的实验条件下,2,4二-硝基苯酚的示差脉冲峰电流(Epc=-341 mV)与浓度在2.0×10-5~2.0×10-3mol/L和2.0×10-7~8.0×10-6mol/L范围内分别呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为ipc(μA)=9.821×104c(mol/L) 22.142(r=0.9992,n=10)和ipc(μA)=4.2025×105c(mol/L) 0.3720(r=0.9967,n=8),检出限(3σ)为6.0×10-8mol/L。该电极用于模拟废水样中2,4二-硝基苯酚的测定,回收率为97.3%~103.0%,结果令人满意。     

基于纳米氧化钴/碳纳米纤维复合材料的增强效应电化学测定对乙酰氨基酚

建立了电化学测定片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的新方法。通过电沉积的方法在碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(CNFs/GCE)表面上沉积纳米氧化钴(CoO_x),制备了纳米CoO_x/碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(CoO_x/CNFs/GCE)。在pH 5.33的B–R缓冲溶液中,用循环伏安法研究了对乙酰氨基酚在CoO_x/CNFs/GCE和CNFs/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,二者对对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原反应都有电催化作用,而且复合纳米材料CoO_x/CNFs具有较单一CNFs更好的催化效果。用微分脉冲伏安法测得对乙酰氨基酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10~(-7)~1.5×10~(–4) mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7) mol/L(S/N=3)。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.31%(n=6),加标回收率为96.0%~105.0%。该方法简便快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,适用于片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定。     

灯盏乙素在石墨电极上的电化学行为研究

利用循环伏安法研究了灯盏乙素在石墨电极上的电化学行为及反应机理,结果表明灯盏乙素在石墨电极上有1对明显的准可逆氧化还原峰,电位分别为0.154 V和0.073 V。灯盏乙素在不同pH值下的伏安行为表明其在石墨电极上的氧化反应为2电子2质子的电化学过程。而灯盏乙素在不同扫速下的循环伏安行为表明其电化学氧化过程在低扫速下受吸附过程控制,而在高扫速下受扩散过程控制。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)中,采用差分脉冲伏安法对灯盏乙素含量进行测定,氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-7～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.5×10-7mol/L。用该方法对灯盏细辛中的灯盏乙素含量进行测定,回收率为98%,结果满意。     

谷胱甘肽在多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极上的间接电化学测定

制备了多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极(MWCNTs-ILs/CPE),并以对乙酰氨基酚(PA)为电催化媒介,研究了谷胱甘肽(GSH)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,GSH能明显增强PA在MWCNTs-ILs/CPE上的电化学响应,且示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)的氧化峰电流与其浓度在7.50×10-7~1.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为1.65×10-7 mol/L。该方法简单、快速、灵敏,用于含GSH药物的测定,加标回收率为99.5%~101.8%。     

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极伏安法测定香草醛

制备了羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(c-MWCNTs/GCE),采用循环伏安法在0.5 mol/L HCl中研究了食品添加剂香草醛的电化学行为。结果显示,该修饰电极对香草醛的电化学氧化具有良好的电催化作用,与裸玻碳电极相比电流响应显著增强。香草醛在该修饰电极上的氧化为不可逆的扩散控制过程。在最佳条件下,采用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法进行测定,香草醛的氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.1～6.0μmol/L和6.0～100μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μmol/L。该修饰电极具有良好的重现性(RSD=4.6%)和稳定性。方法应用于食品中香草醛的测定,回收率为96.3%～104%。     

氧化石墨烯/铁氰化铈修饰玻碳电极同时测定扑热息痛和咖啡因

采用滴涂法和电沉积法制备了氧化石墨烯/铁氰化铈(CeFe(CN)6)纳米复合膜修饰玻碳电极。用扫描电镜对氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯/CeFe(CN)6纳米复合膜进行了表征。分别用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了扑热息痛和咖啡因在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在0.1 mol/L醋酸盐缓冲溶液(pH5.0)中,扑热息痛和咖啡因在此修饰电极上具有良好的电化学行为,扑热息痛和咖啡因分别在1.0×10-7～6.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-6～1.3×10-4mol/L浓度范围内与电化学响应信号呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.990和0.992;信噪比为3时,扑热息痛和咖啡因检出限分别为5.0×10-8mol/L和5.2×10-7mol/L。将本方法用于人尿样品分析,回收率为96.1%～105.4%。     

石墨烯修饰电极的制备及其对对乙酰氨基酚的伏安测定

利用滴涂的方法制备了石墨烯修饰电极;石墨烯修饰电极对对乙酰氨基酚（ACOP）的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用。 研究了ACOP在石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定ACOP的电化学分析新方法。 考察了磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH值对ACOP电化学行为的影响。 结果表明,氧化还原峰电位随pH值升高发生负移;在pH=6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,对乙酰氨基酚在修饰电极上呈现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰。 对乙酰氨基酚在石墨烯修饰电极上的氧化峰峰电流与其浓度在6.00×10-7~4.00×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.994 0;检出限为5.00×10-8 mol/L。 其回归方程为：ipa(A)=3.00c+1.21×10-5。 该修饰电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,可用于对乙酰氨基酚药片分析。     

Electrochemical Behavior and Ultrasensitive,Simple and Effective Voltammetric Determination of Acetaminophen Using Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Based on 4-Hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

An electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen (ACOP) has been successfully performed by using glassy carbon electrode covered with 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4HQ3CA) to reinforce electrode's feature. To characterize the modified electrode (4HQ3CA/GC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used. The finding optimum conditions (supporting electrolyte, pH) and the electrochemical determination studies were performed with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was decided that the supporting electrolyte medium suitable for ACOP determination was Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer and the effect of pH change on the oxidation peak of ACOP in this media was investigated. The effect of changing scan rate on the oxidation peak of ACOP was examined and this study showed that the oxidation process of ACOP on the 4HQ3CA/GC modified electrode surface was diffusion and adsorption controlled process. A wide concentration range from 0.0025 μM to 141 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.98×10⁻¹⁰ M (3 s/m) was obtained. This prepared sensor was carried out for the determination of ACOP in pharmaceutical sample.     

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of acetaminophen and tramadol using Dowex50wx2 and gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon paste electrode

A glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) modified with a cation exchanger resin, Dowex50wx2 and gold nanoparticles (D50wx2–GNP–GCPE) has been developed for individual and simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACOP) and tramadol (TRA). The electrochemical behavior of both the molecules has been investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSSWV). The studies revealed that the oxidation of ACOP and TRA is facilitated at D50wx2–GNP–GCPE. Using AdSSWV, the method allowed simultaneous determination of ACOP and TRA in the linear working range of 3.34 × 10⁻⁸ to 4.22 × 10⁻⁵ M with detection limits of 4.71 × 10⁻⁹ and 1.12 × 10⁻⁸ M (S/N = 3) for ACOP and TRA respectively. The prepared modified electrode shows several advantages such as simple preparation method, long-time stability, ease of preparation and regeneration of the electrode surface by simple polishing and excellent reproducibility. The high sensitivity and selectivity of D50wx2–GNP–GCPE were demonstrated by its practical application in the determination of both ACOP and TRA in pharmaceutical formulations, urine and blood serum samples.     

The Electrochemical Behavior of Acetaminophen on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode and Its Analytical Application

Abstract

A multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs/GCE) was fabricated, and the electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen (ACOP) were investigated on the MWNTs/GCE. The results showed that MWNTs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic effects on the reaction of ACOP by accelerating the electron transfer rate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to explore the electrochemical redox mechanism of ACOP on the MWNTs/GCE and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was taken to determine ACOP in samples, respectively. The results showed that the oxidative peak currents were linear with the concentration of ACOP in the range of 4.0×10^?7–1.5×10^?4 mol l^?1 with the detection limit 1.2×10^?7 mol l^?1. The MWNTs/GCE showed satisfactory stability, selectivity, and it can be used to quantify ACOP in effervescent dosage real samples.     

Application of ionic liquid modified carbon ceramic electrode for the sensitive voltammetric detection of rutin

An ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) was designed and further used for the voltammetric detection of rutin in this paper. IL-CCE was prepared by mixing graphite powder with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF₄) doped silicate sol-gel matrix together and further characterized by different methods. Then electrochemical behaviors of rutin on the IL-CCE were investigated by different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Due to the presence of IL in the CCE, an enhanced electrochemical response of rutin appeared with a pair of well-defined redox peaks in pH 2.5 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The electrochemical behaviors of rutin on the IL-CCE were carefully investigated. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak currents exhibited good linear relationship with the rutin concentration in the range from 0.3 to 100.0 μmol/L with the detection limit as 0.09 μmol/L (3σ). The proposed method was further applied to the rutin tablets sample detection with satisfactory results.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极检测盐酸氯丙嗪的研究

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了盐酸氯丙嗪在修饰电极上的电化学特性,发展了一种新的检测盐酸氯丙嗪的电化学分析方法。在最佳实验条件下,用循环伏安法检测盐酸氯丙嗪,其响应电流与盐酸氯丙嗪的浓度在8.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内有很好的线性关系,线性方程为Ip(A)=0.0106c(mol/L)-8×10-8(R2=0.999,n=6),检出限为6.2×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。方法可用于盐酸氯丙嗪片的测定。     

维生素B2在银掺杂钠基蒙脱土修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

用循环伏安法和方波溶出伏安法研究了维生素B2(VB2)在银掺杂蒙脱土修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在pH=6.05的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,VB2在银掺杂钠基蒙脱土修饰电极上发生的是受吸附-扩散混合控制的可逆电氧化-还原过程,转移的电子数n=2,传递系数α=0.3545、β=0.6455,电极的有效面积Aeff=7.11mm2,VB2在PBS中的扩散系数D=1.049×10-5 cm2/s。用方波溶出伏安法优化了测定参数,测定了浓度与峰电流的线性关系,VB2浓度在2.0×10-6～8.0×10-5 mol/L范围两者呈线性关系,检测限为5.0×10-7 mol/L,实际样品加标回收率为94.5%～105.0%。     

Studies on the Voltammetric Behavior of Nicardipine Hydrochloride and its Voltammetric Determination at the Co/GC Modified Electrode

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Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Captopril Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nano-TiO2/Ferrocene Carboxylic Acid

A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCA) and TiO2 nanoparticles was constructed by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles and ferrocene carboxylic acid into the carbon paste matrix.The electrochemical behavior of captopril (CAP) at the surface of the modified electrode was investigated using electroanalytical methods.The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of CAP in aqueous solutions at physiological pH values.Cyclic voltammetric curves showed that the oxidation of CAP at the surface of the modified electrode reduced its overpotential by more than 290 mV.The modified electrode was used for detecting captopril using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques.A calibration curve in the range of 0.03 to 2400μmol/L was obtained that had a detection limit of 0.0096 μmol/L (3σ) under the optimized conditions.The modified electrode was successfully used for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical and biological samples.