基于课程标准的教学目标叙写研究——高中化学“离子反应”为例

简述了教师制订教学目标时可能存在的问题,介绍了基于课程标准的教学目标叙写程序和方法,包括厘清内容标准与课时目标的相互关系、内容标准具体化、内容标准分析、叙写目标的方法等,并提供了"离子反应"案例;阐明了教学目标叙写研究的意义。     

高中化学新教材习题与课程标准一致性研究*——以“常见无机物及其应用”内容为例

结合本国国情,对SEC一致性分析模式进行本土化改造,构建基于化学学科能力的一致性分析框架,并从内容主题和认知水平等2个维度分析课程标准与3个版本高中化学新教材习题在“常见无机物及其应用”主题的一致性程度。研究结果显示:3个版本高中化学新教材习题与课程标准在内容主题和认知水平维度上均存在统计学意义上的显著一致性。在一致性研究的基础上,分析不同版本教材习题在内容主题和认知水平上的分布重点,并提出教材习题编写建议和使用策略。     

高中化学线上教学课堂提问与课程标准的一致性分析*——以上海市“空中课堂”为例

以上海市“空中课程”中高中化学X教师的线上课堂教学为例,采用SEC一致性分析模式,从核心素养的“证据推理与模型认知”这一视角,对其课堂提问与课程标准的一致性进行了分析。研究表明:(1)从总体上看,X教师的课堂提问与课程标准中的素养之间具有较好的一致性;(2)X教师的课堂提问在证据推理素养层面上与课程标准一致性程度欠佳,而在模型认知层面上与课程标准具有较好的一致性;X教师的课堂中根据具象证据或模型进行推理论证的问题多于课程标准中的素养要求,根据抽象证据进行推理论证的问题较少;(3)从素养水平维度分析,X教师课堂中低素养水平的问题占较大比例,高素养水平的问题少于课程标准要求;(4)上述偏差的产生主要受线上教学的影响,另外还受到考试要求、教师个人对课程标准的理解等因素的影响。     

美国高中化学教科书教师用书的教学属性研究

以美国高中化学教科书教师用书Holt Chemistry California Teacher's Edition为例,研究其教学属性,发现其与美国纽约州科学教育标准契合,学情分析指导全面,教学目标的阐述具体明确,教学策略的设计结构化,学习评价资源丰富多样,对我国高中化学教科书教师用书的编写、高中化学教学设计均有所启示。     

高中化学学业水平考试与课程标准的一致性分析

基于SEC一致性分析模式,对某省2010、2011、2012年的高中化学学业水平考试试题中必修部分与课程标准的一致性进行研究,得出2者之间不存在统计学意义上显著的一致性。通过柱形图,从认知水平和内容主题2个维度分析影响试题与课程标准一致性的因素。最后对一致性研究方法和分析结果进行了简单的讨论和反思。     

化学学科理解视域下的教材单元整体备课*

基于学科理解进行单元整体备课,是教师把握学科知识体系、提升教学设计的站位、实现“素养为本”教学的重要基础。化学学科理解视域下的教材单元整体备课内容主要是对教材内容逻辑顺序与认识思路结构化的系统梳理,确定单元总体与课时教学目标,挖掘教材单元内容所内隐的学科核心素养与教育教学价值,对教学内容、策略进行重构与设计等。对课程标准进行解读理解和对不同教材版本相关内容进行比较整合是提升教材单元整体备课质量的有效途径。     

中学化学教师教学用书教学属性的调查研究

以在职高中化学教师为研究对象,采用问卷调查化学教师教学用书教学属性的使用现状。研究发现,教师教学用书在一线教师中的使用频次和深广度不高,其中女教师和新手型教师相对使用频次高。教师教学用书对教师的促进作用持中等水平,其中较好地促进了教师观念的提升。教师教学用书的内容是影响其使用的主要因素,而教师的教育理念、教研水平和知识水平是其次。基于此,从内容编写角度给出一些建议。     

中学化学教科书课后习题与课程标准的一致性研究

韦伯的一致性分析模式从知识的类别、深度、广度及分布平衡性等4个维度来分析评价与课程标准的一致性.选用韦伯的一致性分析模式,对高中化学选修4教科书课后部分习题与课程标准中规定的相关内容的一致性进行分析,得出习题与课程标准在各个不同维度的一致性情况,并对分析过程进行反思.     

上海市初中化学学业评价试题与课程标准一致性分析——以2004-2017年试题为例

采用SEC一致性研究模式,从内容主题和认知水平2个维度来分析2004年至2017年上海市初中化学学业评价试题与课程标准之间的一致性。结果表明,学业评价试题与课程标准一致性总体水平一般;在内容主题和认知水平维度上的一致性水平有一定差异。     

对人教版《化学反应原理》教科书中一些习题及答案的商榷

在教学过程中我们发现,人民教育出版社2007年2月第3版普通高中课程标准实验教科书<化学选修4化学反应原理>及其配套教师教学用书上一些习题和参考答案有错误,因此提出分析与教材编写者商榷,并供使用此选修模块的师生参考.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.