CNAL/T0086水溶液pH值测定能力验证分析

2003年5～8月期间,中国实验室国家认可委员会组织了CNAL／T0086水溶液的pH值测定能力验证。本次能力验证由中国实验室国家认可委员会组织,国家标;住物质研究中心负责协调及实施。能力验证的目的是评价各实验室水溶液pH值测定的测试能力和测试水平。对测试结果的统计采用方便并为国际和区域承认的方法——稳健统计法,根据Z比分数评判各实验室的测试结果。     

纺织品中4-氨基偶氮苯的测定能力验证分析

“P00012-2011-T07纺织品中禁用偶氮染料的测定(测试项目:4-氨基偶氮苯)”能力验证严格按照能力验证计划运作要求实施,并采用稳健统计法对测试结果进行统计,测试样品指定值为54.8 mg/kg,标准化四分位距(NIQR)为6.8941 mg/kg.共有12个省市、自治区的61家实验室参加本次能力验证,采用Z比分数对各实验室结果进行评价,结果满意率为86.9％.     

高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量

建立高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定石墨及其制品中的硫含量。结合高频红外碳硫分析仪器特点,试验确定了方法的实验条件:试样粉碎至2.5 mm以下颗粒状,所有试样均为干燥状态,称样量控制在0.200 0~0.300 0 g之间,助熔剂为纯铁和钨粒,助熔剂添加顺序为纯铁+样品+钨粒。采用该方法对石墨标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符合,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.86%~1.96%(n=10)。该法可用于石墨及其制品中硫含量的测定。     

天津检验检疫局土壤有害元素检测获突破

<正>不久前,天津检验检疫局化矿金属材料检测中心接到中实国金国际实验室能力验证研究有限公司组织实施的能力验证结果反馈,该中心参加的土壤中重金属总Cr、总Hg含量的测定能力验证结果为满意,这也是天津检验检疫局首次参加该项目能力验证。该项能力验证为NILPT–0492/0548土壤中重金属总Cr、总Hg含量的测定。天津检验检疫局化矿金属材料检测中心制定了详尽的参加能力验证工作计     

玩具油漆涂层中有机锡检测能力验证样品研制及应用分析

制备了用于可迁移有机锡检测能力验证的玩具油漆涂层样品,并开展了相关测定能力验证计划,采用迭代法、四分位法和敏感分析法3种不同统计方法对23家实验室数据进行统计分析,并对不满意结果的原因进行了分析。结果表明所研制样品的均匀性和稳定性良好,能满足能力验证要求。不同统计方法对实验室能力评定结果存在差异,但指定值差异很小,而能力评定标准差差异较大,运用卡方检验能选择出更合理的统计方法。     

广西污水中汞、砷检测能力验证结果分析

利用能力验证计划,对广西全区检验检测机构的污水中汞、砷分析能力进行对比和评价。采用单因子方差对考核样品进行均匀性检测,对全区144家检验检测机构的检测结果进行四分位稳健统计分析,用Z比分值绘制柱状图直观评定各检测机构的测试结果。污水中汞检测结果合格率为77.0%,砷检测结果合格率为84.8%。广西检验机构的汞、砷总体检测能力较强,少数检测机构的检测能力和水平有待提高。     

仿真饰品中镍释放量测定能力验证的组织与实施

为了了解我国仿真饰品中镍释放量检测能力的整体水平,中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会(CNCA)组织了"CNCA–12–B07仿真饰品中镍释放量的测定"能力验证项目,该项目共有来自12个省市、特别行政区的38家实验室参加。镍释放量主要采用GB/T 19719–2005与EN 1811:2011进行检测,对检测结果采用稳健(Robust)统计方法分析。结果显示,第1次测试结果合格率为89.5%。     

茶叶中甲氰菊酯测定能力验证中结果评价方式的选择

实施茶叶中甲氰菊酯测定能力验证计划,对不同的结果评价方式进行对比。制备含甲氰菊酯的茶叶样品,经均匀性和稳定性考察合格后用于能力验证。以专家实验室结果平均值作为指定值,由再现性标准差和重复性标准差求计算出能力评定标准差,评价参加者能力。用稳健算法、经验模型法确定统计评价量,与本法测定结果进行比对。结果显示,5家专家实验室提供了呈现正态分布且等精度的结果,评价结果的满意率为88.7%。与其它评定方式相比,本法给出的满意结果区间较为严格,能够反映检验机构应达到的检测水平。     

食品接触材料中高锰酸钾消耗量检测能力验证实施及应用评价

面对日趋完善的食品接触材料卫生标准体系,为掌握高锰酸钾消耗量测定的技术要求,做好相应合规性判定,充分发挥能力验证对检验检测机构技术能力监督和质量提升的作用,该文进行了食品接触用塑料材料及制品中高锰酸钾消耗量的测定能力验证。通过定制棕色塑料食品包装瓶作为相关能力验证样品,依据相关标准要求进行均匀性、稳定性评价,对回收结果采用稳健统计技术算法A确定指定值和能力评定标准差,并对可能产生不满意结果的影响因素进行了分析。192家参与该项能力验证的实验室中有179家结果为满意,满意率为93.2%;12家实验室结果为不满意,占6.3%;1家实验室结果为可疑,占0.5%。总体结果较好,个别实验室出现的不合格结果可通过本次能力验证分析查找原因,达到提高实验室相应检测能力的目的。     

应用主成分分析综合评价实验室间的能力验证结果

正能力验证[1]等实验室间比对活动是评价实验室检测能力,发现内部系统偏倚,确保检测结果准确性、可比性的重要措施,也是实验室申请和维持中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)、美国国家航空航天和国防合同方授信项目(NADCAP)等检测资质认证的基本要求。能力验证等实验室间比对活动通常采用曼德尔h统计量(或称为Z比分数)表征     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。