非晶态镍磷—镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐蚀性能研究

本文对比研究了镍磷镀层、镍钨磷镀层及非晶态镍磷和镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐蚀性能，分别进行了各种镀层的浸渍腐蚀实验，镀层的Ｘ射线衍射图象、镀层的扫描电镜图象、以及在工厂实际的腐蚀环境里进行的腐蚀实验。实验结果表明镍磷及镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐 性优于镍磷镀层、镍钨磷镀层的耐蚀性。     

渣油固定床加氢处理油中镍和钒的分布研究

对混合渣油原料油在固定床连续加氢处理过程中镍和钒的质量分数及分布进行了研究,讨论了不同反应温度、不同加氢处理反应器生成油样中镍、钒分布的变化及原因。结果表明,原料油经固定床连续加氢处理后,镍和钒的质量分数明显降低。在基准反应温度t℃时,镍和钒的总脱除率分别达到了78.9%和85.8%。各段催化剂对镍和钒的脱除影响不同,保护剂段和脱金属段对镍和钒的脱除贡献较大。在各反应处理过程中,弱极性组分中镍和钒质量分数变化受温度影响较大,而强极性组分中镍和钒含量变化较小。
     

泡沫镍及负载型镍催化剂制备纳米碳纤维层的研究

纳米碳纤维可用在催化材料、储氢材料、及纳米电子器件等方面。本文对用泡沫镍及负载型镍催化剂催化分解乙烯或丙烯制备纳米碳纤维进行了研究。利用X射线衍射仪、物理吸附仪、扫描电镜进行了分析表征,并考察了催化剂、碳源、生长温度对纳米碳纤维生长量、形貌、结构的影响。结果表明:在生长温度450℃,乙烯流率30mL/m in的条件下,负载型镍催化剂纳米碳纤维的生长量要高出泡沫镍3~6倍,负载型镍催化剂制备的纳米碳纤维直径为40~60纳米,小于泡沫镍的情况。泡沫镍催化分解乙烯制备纳米碳纤维时,纳米碳纤维的生长量和平均直径随温度的降低而逐渐减小。纳米碳纤维在泡沫镍上的最低生长温度为420℃,在低于480℃生长纳米碳纤维时泡沫镍的骨架结构不会被破坏,由此制备的纳米碳纤维在新型结构催化材料中有很好的的应用前景。     

铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白的研究进展

含铜/镍金属酶的成熟需要一系列的铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白,这些铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白分别参与铜或者镍的转运,对维持细胞体内铜/镍金属平衡至关重要,同时金属酶完成金属催化活性中心的组装也依赖于这类伴侣蛋白。近年来关于铜/镍金属蛋白的研究取得可喜的进展,这些研究为进一步认识体内铜/镍平衡体系提供了重要依据。本文首先简要地介绍铜的摄取和细胞内平衡体系,接着着重介绍三个重要的铜转运蛋白Atox1、Cox17和CCS关于结构和功能的进展,以及这些铜转运蛋白和药物相互作用的机理。然后详细介绍在氢化酶和脲酶成熟路径中参与了镍的摄取、调节、转运和存储,维持细胞内镍金属平衡的镍伴侣蛋白,并介绍了脲酶、氢化酶这两条成熟路径之间的联系。     

微量元素镍概论

阐述了镍的基本概况,包括镍的发现史、来源及性质,镍对人体健康的影响,科学补镍和防止镍中毒的方法。     

亚硝酸钠-盐酸羟胺-丁二肟体系中的钴镍极谱催化波及其在环境分析中应用

利用丁二肟试剂极谱法测定钴镍已有不少报道,但因镍灵敏度不高,痕量钴镍的连续测定尚有困难。本文发现在标题体系中,钴镍均能产生相当灵敏的催化波,钴镍的检出下限分别可达0.02ppb和0.3ppb,浓度Co在0.04—2.5ppb。Ni在0.5—50ppb范围内与波高成线性关系。在该体系中连续测定环境样品中的钴镍具有灵敏度高、选择性好、方法简便等优点。本文提出了连续测定环境样品中痕量钴镍的方法,并经批量生产考验,结果满意。     

微量元素钴、镍与人体健康

钴和镍是人体中必需的微量元素。对钴和镍与人体健康的关系进行了论述,包括:钴和镍在人体内的存在与分布、代谢、生理功能及对人体健康的影响。     

合金产品中镍的化学物相分析

选择性溶解金属镍及合金相中镍的方法较多,如氯化铜钾-酒石酸法、乙酰丙酮-氯化铜法、盐酸羟胺法等。这些方法因引入大量铜盐,给镍的测定造成困难,或因部分二硫化三镍溶解,而使结果计算不便。本文研究了在硫酸羟胺溶液中合金相和二硫化三镍的溶解特性。结果表明,在该溶剂中合金相定量溶解,二硫化三镍部分溶解,但对含有合金相的二硫化三镍则几乎不被溶解。当溶解含铜量在4毫克以上的合金时,能抑制100毫克二硫化三镍的溶解,其浸出率小于1.5%。据此,拟定了含铜合金和金属铜物料中合金、二硫化三镍、氧化物的镍物相分析方法。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镍

镍是动物体内不可缺少的必需微量元素,分布在动物体内各种组织中,镍参与核酸和蛋白质的代谢、激素的调节过程,镍是许多酶的辅助因子与激活剂且与细胞膜的功能有密切联系,镍在动物体内与铁、铜、锌等动物必需的元素之间既有协同性又有颉颃性。动物缺镍会引起生长速度降低、死亡率提高、总血清蛋白浓度和红血球数量降低、总类脂量和胆固醇减少、骨组织强度降低和膝关节肿大等症状,当镍摄入过量时,会发生中毒。因此对饲料中镍的测定是有意义和必要的,但现行的国标中尚没有饲料中镍的测定方法的标准。     

铜精矿中镍的分析方法研究

中国是世界铜的第四大生产国和第三大消费国。国内提炼铜的主要原料是铜精矿。据文献 [1 ]介绍 ,当铜精矿中镍的含量在 0 .1 %以上时 ,就影响电解铜的质量。优质的电解铜中镍含量在 w Ni0 .0 0 1 %以下 ,而高纯阴极铜中则要求锡、镍、硅、锌、钴等杂质总量不大于 w总 0 .0 0 0 1 %。因此加强对铜精矿中镍量的控制已成当务之急。现国内铜精矿中镍的含量一般在 w Ni 0 .0 x%～0 .x%之间 ,少数镍含量在 w Ni1 %以上。在目前还没有国家或行业标准的情况下 ,本法对铜精矿中镍的分析方法进行了积极的探索 ,以期准确分析铜精矿中镍的含量 ,提高铜…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.