气相色谱–串联质谱法测定中药材中35种农药残留的样品处理方法

分析对比气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)法测定中药材中35种农药残留的3种样品处理方法,为中药材中农药残留检测提供参考.以乙腈为提取溶剂,样品经高速匀浆提取后,取提取液进行净化处理.比较了基于QuEChERS原则的处理方法、石墨化碳黑–氨基复合固相萃取(GCB–NH2)法和亲水亲油平衡材料固相萃取(HLB)法3种...     

固相萃取–气相色谱–负化学源质谱法检测水果和蔬菜中的毒杀芬

采用改进的分散固相萃取(QuEchERs)法对样品进行前处理,建立水果和蔬菜中毒杀芬残留的气相色谱–负化学电离源质谱(GC–NCI–MS)检测方法。样品中的毒杀芬由正己烷提取,经吸附剂PSA+GCB净化,在GC–NCI–MS的选择离子扫描模式下进样分析。毒杀芬的色谱保留时间在12.5~18.0 min区间内,采用面积归一化法积分,外标法定量。毒杀芬质量浓度在0.050~2.000 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 1。分别以蓝莓、黄桃、菠菜为基质,在0.025,0.050 mg/kg添加水平下,毒杀芬的回收率为107.2%~118.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.5%~8.8%(n=6),定量限为0.025 mg/kg。该方法检测快速,适用于水果和蔬菜中毒杀芬残留的日常检测。     

气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法测定禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈残留量

建立固相萃取(SPE)–气相色谱–三重四级杆质谱(GC–MS–MS)法检测禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈残留量的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经固相萃取小柱净化,GC–MS–MS检测,基质匹配外标法定量。氟虫腈的质量浓度在0.01～0.10 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r大于0.999,方法的定量限(10S/N)为0.001 mg/kg。在0.01,0.02,0.10 mg/kg 3种浓度添加水平下,平均回收率为86.7%～109.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%～9.9%(n=6)。该方法准确、灵敏、简单、高效,适合禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈残留的定性定量分析。     

气相色谱–串联质谱在食品农药残留检测中的应用进展

综述了2009年至今国内外的气相色谱–串联质谱联用技术在食品农药残留检测方面的应用,食品中农药残留降解产物和代谢产物检测以及动物源食品中农药残留检测将是食品中农残GC–MS/MS技术应用的重点和方向。     

气相色谱–串联质谱法测定油料作物中氟乐灵、炔螨特和氟硅唑

建立了气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS)法测定不同基质油料作物中氟乐灵、炔螨特和氟硅唑含量的方法.样品用乙腈提取,经过盐析、净化、离心、氮吹后,用乙酸乙酯溶液复溶,用有机系滤膜过滤后,以GC–MS法检测.考察了加水浸泡、超声时间、提取剂和不同基质对回收率的影响.氟乐灵、炔螨特和氟硅唑的质量浓度与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关...     

在线凝胶渗透色谱–气相色谱串联质谱法分析土壤和茶叶中的多氯联苯

建立测定土壤和茶叶中多氯联苯(PCBs)的在线凝胶渗透色谱–气相色谱串联质谱法(GPC–GC–MS/MS)。对Qu ECh ERS前处理方法进行优化,采用乙腈提取,用Na Cl盐析分层,无水硫酸镁除水后,经C18,PSA和无水硫酸镁净化,用GPC–GC–MS/MS结合基质标准曲线确证及定量。PCBs在土壤和茶叶中的检出限分别为0.10~0.25μg/kg和0.03~0.30μg/kg,7种PCBs在20~300μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,土壤和茶叶样品基质的线性相关系数分别为0.998 2~0.999 2和0.998 6~0.999 5。土壤和茶叶样品的加标回收率分别为84.9%~107.3%,82.7%~108.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.4%~7.3%,3.1%~6.8%(n=6)。该方法简便、高效、准确,适合于土壤和茶叶样品中PCBs残留的定量分析和快速监测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香菇中29种农药残留

建立同时测定香菇中29种农药残留的超高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC–MS/MS)方法。样品以0.1%甲酸–乙腈溶液为提取剂,用氨基固相萃取柱净化,经浓缩、复溶后进行测定。采用C18柱分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈作为流动相,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。29种农药在各自的质量浓度范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,方法检出限为0.000 1～0.002 mg/kg。在0.02,0.05,0.1 mg/kg 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,平均回收率为81.3%～97.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.0%～8.4%(n=6)。该方法前处理过程简便,检测时间短,测定结果准确稳定,适合大批量香菇样品中多农药残留的检测,对于香菇的市场准入和监测有着积极意义。     

气相色谱－串联质谱法测定植物源化妆品中53种农药残留

采用固相萃取技术结合气相色谱－串联质谱（GC－MS/MS）,建立了植物源化妆品中53种农药残留的检测方法。将不同剂型的植物源化妆品样品经乙腈提取、冷冻除脂－固相萃取净化和浓缩定容后,以Agilent VF－17ms毛细管柱（30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm）分离,在GC－MS/MS选择反应监测（SRM）模式下检测,以基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,53种农药具有良好线性关系,相关系数（r2）为0.996 1 ~ 0.999 9;方法检出限（LOD）为0.01 ~ 0.02 mg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.02 ~ 0.05 mg/kg。精华液和膏霜样品中,53种农药的平均回收率为77.1% ~ 105%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 6）为0.50% ~ 4.9%。应用该方法对30个植物源化妆品进行检测,共检出2例阳性样品。该方法具有简便、快速、准确及灵敏度高的优点,适用于植物源化妆品中53种农药残留的测定,可为保障化妆品的质量安全提供技术支撑。     

气质联用法测定豆角中多农药残留及方法应用研究

采用气质联用仪建立了长豆角中27种农药残留的快速检测方法。用乙酸乙酯萃取样品,萃取液浓缩后用二氯甲烷定容,进行GC–MS分析。结果表明,27种农药测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.38%~22.35%(n=6),检出限在0.003 85~0.035 29 mg/kg之间,加标回收率为71.50%~119.30%。用所建方法研究了14种农药在长豆角上喷施后的残留情况。该方法样品处理简单快速,溶剂用量少,可用于长豆角中多种农药残留分析。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定果蔬中16种农药残留

建立了果蔬中吡虫啉、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、噻虫嗪等16种常见农药多残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。以乙腈为提取剂,样品经高速匀浆方法提取后,提取液采用液-液萃取静置分层,取上清液进行净化处理。比较了石墨化碳-氨基复合固相萃取与QuEChERS两种不同净化技术的净化效果,最终确定采用QuEChERS方法为净化手段。即提取液经装有150 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)填料、900 mg无水硫酸镁的净化管净化,除去样品中大部分的色素及有机酸等干扰基质,再经LC-MS/MS分析,有效地降低了样品中的复杂基质所带来的背景干扰。加标水平为5、10、20 μg/kg时,16种农药的平均回收率为75%~111%,相对标准偏差小于16%。16种农药的检出限为0.2~5 μg/kg。采用LC-MS/MS定性分析、基质匹配标准曲线法定量分析,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意。实验证明,建立的QuEChERS净化与LC-MS/MS相结合的检测方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,能够准确测定果蔬中16种农药残留。     

Determination of pesticide residues in sewage sludge: a review

Pesticides are widely applied to protect plants from diseases, weeds, and insect damage, and they usually come into contact with soil where they may undergo a variety of transformations and provide a complex pattern of metabolites. Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as a byproduct of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain pesticides and other toxic substances that could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. This article reviews the determination of pesticides in sewage sludge samples. Sample preparation including pretreatment, extraction, and cleanup, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of pesticide residues, are discussed. Extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and matrix solid-phase dispersion and their most recent applications to the determination of pesticides in sewage sludge samples are reviewed. Determination of pesticides, generally carried out by GC and HPLC coupled with different detectors, especially MS for the identification and quantification of residues, is summarized and discussed.     

Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables with ethyl acetate extraction using gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection

A multiresidue method based on extraction with ethyl acetate has been used at the Swedish National Food Administration since 1989 to monitor pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. The method has been continuously adjusted, resulting in simple and quick analyses of pesticide residues. To recover basic pesticides, the addition of an alkali is necessary. The addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate has been shown to recover all pesticides effectively without any degradation. The liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique has made it possible to analyse more polar pesticides and to replace many single methods. The latest development in the multiresidue method, comprising the use of gas chromatography (GC) with MS/MS, has further improved the analysis by replacing the conventional GC detectors. The need for cleanup has been reduced or eliminated entirely. Consequently, the method has been simplified in a way that makes it possible to recover all included analytes in many different matrices in one single extraction and to detect them either with GC-MS/MS or with LC-MS/MS.     

Determination of abamectin in soil samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abamectin, which is comprised of a mixture of avermectins B1a and B1b, is a natural pesticide used as an anti-parasitic agent in livestock, ornamental, and agricultural crops, which can potentially be transported to aquatic systems. These compounds are highly toxic to both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates at low concentrations in water. This investigation developed high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) techniques to support automated extraction by an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system and chromatographic techniques to measure residues of avermectins in complex soil samples. HPLC along with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS/MS was used for separation and determination of avermectin isomers in soil samples. Average method recovery for abamectin by UV was 91%, while detection by MS/MS resulted in a 68% recovery for abamectin. Individual method recoveries by MS/MS were 53.6% for avermectin B1a and 36.8% for avermectin B1b. The use of tandem technology eliminated matrix interferences and resulted in an approximately eight-fold increase in sensitivity.     

Trace determination of alpha- and beta-endosulfan and three metabolites in human serum by gas chromatography electron capture detection and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Endosufan, alpha and beta, and three conversion products, sulphate, ether and lactone, were simultaneously determined in human serum by means of an analytical procedure which combines extraction with organic solvents, clean-up with H(2)SO(4) and by liquid column chromatography, and detection by gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The procedure was validated and the values of some merit figures, such as linear range, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision and recovery, obtained with the GC/ECD and the GC/MS/MS methods, were compared. The lower limits of detection in GC/ECD and GC/MS/MS were 0.03 and 0.05 microg I(-1), respectively. The recovery of the pesticides at the 20 microg I(-1) concentration level was 60-65%, with the exception of endosufan alpha. Recovery studies at higher levels (100 and 200 microg I(-1)) were independent of pesticide concentration in serum samples. The application of the proposed analytical methodology to the determination of endosulfans and their metabolites in real samples was tested by analyzing serum samples from a population living in agricultural areas of Almeria (Spain). The results show the advantage of MS/MS over the ECD detector in the analysis of serum samples where matrix interferences can be confused with target pesticides.     

Determination of multiresidue pesticides in green tea by using a modified QuEChERS extraction and ion-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

The pesticide residues in exported and imported tea products must not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) regulated by the import countries. Tea is a complex matrix that obfuscates the determination of pesticide residues. Many available methods for multiresidue pesticide analysis of tea are time-consuming and require many cleanup steps. The objective of this study was to develop a simple multiresidue method by using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and ion-trap GC/MS/MS, which can identify, confirm, and quantify pesticides in complex matrixes. A tea product was homogenized with water, and the pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. The extract was subjected to centrifugation, initial cleanup with dispersive SPE (dSPE), solvent exchange, and final cleanup with dSPE. Diethyl-d10-parathion and triphenyl phosphate were used as the internal standard and surrogate, respectively. The final extract was injected into an ITQ 700 gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Quantitation of individual pesticides was based on matrix-matched calibration curves with a correlation coefficient of > 0.9930 for the 22 pesticides selected for the study. The recoveries of the 22 pesticides ranged from 78 to 115%, except those for diazinon (130%) and malathion (122%), with an average RSD of 8.7%. The LOD values of all of the pesticides, except for terbufos, were below the MRLs set by the European Union and Japan.     

A rapid and easy multiresidue method for the determination of pesticide residues in vegetables, fruits, and cereals using liquid Chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

The applicability of a rapid and easy multiresidue method for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was examined. Pesticide residues were extracted with acetonitrile in a disposable tube using a homogenizer, followed by salting out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The extract was purified with a double-layered cartridge column (graphite carbon black/primary-secondary amine silica gel). After removal of the solvent, the extract was resolved in methanol-water and analyzed with LC/MS/MS. Recovery tests of 99 pesticide residues from 7 agricultural products were performed at 20 and 100 ng/g. Throughout all of the agricultural products tested, 47 pesticides exhibited satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations (<20%) at both concentrations. The time for processing of 12 samples to test solutions was approximately 2-3 h. This method could be useful for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products.     

高效液相色谱法和固相萃取法用于环境中农药残留物分析的研究进展

农药是一类被广泛使用的毒药 ,由于它们在现代农业中的广泛使用及其毒性 ,越来越引起人们对水、食品、农产品以及环境中的农药残留分析的重视 ,高效液相色谱法 (HPLC)和固相萃取法 (SPE)由于其具有分析速度快、灵敏度高的特点 ,特别适合于农药残留物分析 .本文对近年来用于环境中农药残留物的分析和有关的研究进展做了较全面的评述     

高分辨质谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用

农药残留检测是农产品中有害物质控制的重要组成部分,随着农药残留限量标准体系的发展完善,农药残留检测方法也在不断进步。近年来质谱技术发展迅速,已被广泛应用于农药残留检测领域,高分辨质谱由于具有较高的分辨率和质量精确度,在复杂基质的农药多残留高通量检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从高分辨质谱与液相色谱、气相色谱及其他分离模式联用等方面出发,简述了近5年来高分辨质谱在农药残留检测中的应用,对目前高分辨质谱在农药残留检测应用中发现的问题进行了讨论,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

改性多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定农产品中痕量残留的4种有机氯农药

对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)的表面进行酸氧化处理制备了改性的MWNTs,并建立了以改性MWNTs作为固相萃取(SPE)吸附剂测定农产品中痕量残留的4种有机氯农药(p,p′-DDD、p,p′-DDT、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE)的SPE-高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。考察了氧化处理条件、SPE操作条件和色谱条件等对有机氯农药残留测定的影响,优化了实验条件。在优化实验条件下,4种农药在较宽线性范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9978～0.9995,检出限为0.050 mg/L;在样品中分别添加0.10、2.0、50 mg/L的4种农药,其加标回收率为78%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%～7.6%。MWNTs作为SPE填料用于陈皮、西洋参、卷心菜和茶叶等样品的净化效果良好,测定结果准确,灵敏度高,符合农产品中痕量农药残留的分析方法要求,为农产品中此类农药的痕量残留分析提供了有益的参考。     

食品中农药残留分析的样品前处理技术进展*

本文综述了近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品前处理技术,重点对超临界流体萃取法在食品农药残留分析中的应用及其联用技术进行了评述;同时对固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取和凝胶渗透色谱法进行了总结。对食物中农药残留分析技术的发展方向进行了讨论。