40Ar+197Au(25MeV/u)产生的热核激发能与核温度的关系

对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应系统裂变与后角轻粒子发射进行了符合测量,用裂变碎片折叠角和裂变碎片的飞行时间再构转移到类熔合核的线性动量.通过对线性动量转移和轻带电粒子能谱测量,给出从中心碰撞到周边碰撞产生的类熔合核的初始激发能、角动量和核温度,讨论它们的关系.发现了中心碰撞形成的类复合核的核温度已经接近饱和状态,接近多重碎裂的“准相变区”.     

依赖系统大小的能量损失对强子谱压低的影响

基于微扰量子色动力学(pQCD)的部分子模型, 在领头阶(LO)近似下分别计算了质子－质子(p+p)碰撞, Au+Au和Cu+Cu不同对心度碰撞产生π⁰的强子谱和相应的核修正因子R_AA. 在考虑部分子喷注能量损失(即喷注淬火)效应后的理论计算表明, 与相同质心系能量s=200GeV的p+p碰撞相比, Au+Au或Cu+Cu不同对心度碰撞产生的强子谱被压低, 被压低的程度与依赖系统大小的能量损失有强烈的关系. 系统越大, 部分子喷注的能量损失越大, 导致强子谱被压低得越多, R_AA越小. 理论计算的数值结果和实验数据相符合, 说明能量损失机制的可靠性和真实性.     

核子-核子碰撞截面对同位素标度参数α的介质效应

核子能量在40-60 MeV能区范围,对在两对重离子中心碰撞系统40Ca 48Ca和60Ca 48Ca以及112Sn 112Sn和124Sn 124Sn的反应中就同位素标度参数a对于核子.核子碰撞截面σmedNN(αm)的介质效应进行了研究.结果发现,核子一核子碰撞介质效应对同位素标度参数n具有明显的影响.就产生这种介质效应的机理进行了分析和讨论.     

中能重离子反应中“neck”的形成和碎裂

在不同碰撞参数下,应用量子分子动力学模型对30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca碰撞系统进行了计算,观察到周边碰撞b=6fm时碰撞系统产生的中等质量碎片最多,发现这是由于碰撞过程中“neck”碎裂造成的,同时还发现“neck”结构形成过程中碰撞系统相对密度涨落增长较慢,饱和值较小,体现了形状不稳定性的特征.     

中能区86Kr+197Au反应中的能量耗散、π介子阈下产生和流角

用扩展BUU模型计算了中能区⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au重系统的能量耗散、π介子阈下产生和流角,定量地拟合了43MeV/u ⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au实验的能量耗散和类弹碎片核电荷数的关系及类弹类靶碎片核电荷数的关联.     

激发能升高级联裂变到瞬发多重碎裂的演化

分析⁴⁰Ar+¹⁵⁹Tb、¹⁹⁷Au、²⁰⁹Bi(25MeV/u)中心碰撞产生的三体碎片产物的角关联,配合Ar+Au(60MeV/u)三体出射的数据,分析非完全熔合反应产生的高激发核衰变的演化过程,证明了在25MeV/u入射能时激发核产生的三重大质量碎片是级联的两次出射的裂变形成的,其时间差尺度大约为1000fm/c,而对60MeV/u入射能下的激发核观察到重碎片在120°附近出现强的角关联,这在理论上解释为发射时间差较短,即出现了瞬发的多重碎裂.     

600MeV 40Ar+197Au反应碎片角分布

在4π立体角范围内收集反应产物,采用离束γ射线测量方法测量了600MeV ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应的给定质量数的碎片角分布.讨论了中能重离子反应碎片角分布特征和产生碎片的反应机制.     

Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)单晶的钉扎力标度和磁通钉扎机制

测量了 Bi2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶不同温度下的磁化曲线。根据 Bean临界态模型得到了不同温度下的钉扎力密度 FP 对磁场的依赖关系 ,发现在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可以标度在同一条曲线上。标度函数和最大钉扎力所对应的磁场与不可逆场 Hirr的比值都表明 Si2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是正常相面钉扎。     

高能重离子碰撞的最大能量密度估计和形成夸克物质的时空区域

本文修正了Bjorken的最大能量密度估计式,分析了碰撞核质量和入射能量对提高能量密度的影响.讨论了碰撞中心区,碎裂区的状态方程和流体动力学方程.指出在碎裂区很难实现夸克物质的原因是系统膨胀引起的能量扩散过快.预言了每对核能量为100+100GeV的¹⁹⁷Au-¹⁹⁷Au对撞在中心区实现相变的碰撞参数范围和时空区域.     

中能重离子碰撞中的各向异性流标度

用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型, 研究了25MeV/A的⁸⁶Kr+¹²⁴Sn碰撞系统在较大碰撞参数下的轻碎片的各向异性流(v₂和v₄), 发现横向动量依赖的椭圆流(v₂)存在对轻碎片核子数的标度律(number-of-nucleon scaling)现象, 以及不同轻碎片的v₄/v₂²比值都近似等于一个常数0.5. 这种标度律现象可以用核子层次碎片形成的组合(coalescence)模型来解释.     

Impact parameter dependence of the scaling of anisotropic flows in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

The scaling behaviors of anisotropic flows of light charged particles are studied for 25 MeV/u40Ca+40Ca collisions at different impact parameters by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model.The nucleonnumber scaling of elliptic flow exists and the scaling of the ratios of v4/v22and v3/(v1v2)is applicable to collisions at almost all impact parameters except for peripheral collisions.     

反对称分子动力学模型中的冻结概念（英文）

给出了反对称分子动力学模型(AMD)计算的50 Me V/nucleon112Sn+112Sn反应的分析结果。该研究是反对称分子动力学模型中统计冻结概念的部分研究结果。利用自洽法结合修正的Fisher模型,提取了发射源的温度和密度分别为T=(6.1±0.2)Me V,ρ/ρ0=0.69±0.03。通过与AMD模型计算的系统在时间演化过程中的最大密度比较,得出碎片发射源的密度远小于系统的最大密度。利用自洽法提取的温度和密度与35 Me V/nucleon的40Ca+40Ca反应系统及40 Me V/nucleon的64Zn+112Sn反应系统所提取的温度和密度非常接近。该结果表明反对称分子动力学模型中,系统在中等质量碎片形成时刻处于统计冻结体积。     

Phenomenological Scaling of Rapidity Dependence for Anisotropic Flows in 25 MeV/nucleon Ca＋Ca by Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model

Anisotropic flows （v1, v2, v3 and v4） of light fragments up to the mass number 4 as a function of rapidity are studied for 25 MeV/nucleon ^40Ca ＋ ^40Ca at large impact parameters by a quantum molecular dynamics model. A phenomenological scaling behaviour of rapidity dependent flow parameters vn （n = 1, 2, 3 and 4） is found as a function of mass number plus a constant term, which may arise from the interplay of collective and random motions. In addition, v4/v2^2 keeps to be almost independent of rapidity and remains a rough constant of 1/2 for all light fragments.     

Evidence for the characterization of heavy-ion reactions by the ratioE/B

The connection between the characteristic features of reactions involving very heavy target-projectile combinations (e.g.⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au) and lighter systems (e.g.⁴⁰Ar+^natAg) is discussed. Evidence for an empirical scaling law based upon the ratioE/B (center-of-mass kinetic energy to Coulomb barrier) is presented. This scaling is justified in terms of semiquantitative arguments whereby the different charge and angular distribution patterns from light and heavy target-projectile combinations are correlated with different lifetime regimes for the “intermediate complex” as it diffuses along the mass-asymmetry coordinate.     

激发功率、退火温度及Tm3+浓度对Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+三掺YF3粉末上转换发光性质的影响

用水热法合成了Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Yb³⁺三掺杂YF₃上转换发光粉末,并对其进行了结构和形貌表征.对上转换发射谱的研究表明,在相对低激发功率下,可以观察到比较明亮的近白色发光,且随着激发功率的增大,上转换发射强度迅速增大并达到饱和状态,继续增大激发功率,出现发光猝灭现象.退火温度对上转换发射强度的影响表明,随着退火温度的升高,Tm³⁺,Er³⁺的所有特征发射峰均相对增强.上转换发射谱随Tm³⁺浓度变化关系表明,在相对低Tm³⁺掺杂浓度下,Tm³⁺-Er³⁺相互作用占优势,Tm³⁺把能量传递给Er³⁺,Er³⁺发射相对增强;在相对高掺杂浓度下,Tm³⁺-Tm³⁺之间交叉弛豫过程占优势,Er³⁺发射相对减弱.从实验结果看出,该粉末的上转换发光非常丰富,从紫外到红外均有发射,是一种潜在的白色上转换发光及三维固体显示材料.     

Kinetic Behaviors of Catalysis-Driven Growth of Three-Species Aggregates on Base of Exchange-Driven Aggregations

We propose a solvable aggregation model to mimic the evolution of population A, asset B, and the quantifiable resource C in a society. In this system, the population and asset aggregates themselves grow through selfexchanges with the rate kernels Kl（k,j） = K1kj and K2（h,j） = K2kj, respectively. The actions of the population and asset aggregations on the aggregation evolution of resource aggregates are described by the population-catalyzed monomer death of resource aggregates and asset-catalyzed monomer birth of resource aggregates with the rate kerne/s J1（k,j）=J1k and J2（k,j） = J2k, respectively. Meanwhile, the asset and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of population aggregates with the rate kernel I1 （k,i,j） = I1ki^μjη, and population and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of asset aggregates with the rate kernel /2（k, i, j） = I2ki^νj^η. The kinetic behaviors of species A, B, and C are investigated by means of the mean-field rate equation approach. The effects of the population-catalyzed death and asset-catalyzed birth on the evolution of resource aggregates based on the self-exchanges of population and asset appear in effective forms. The coefficients of the effective population-catalyzed death and the asset-catalyzed birth are expressed as J1e = J1/K1 and J2e= J2/K2, respectively. The aggregate size distribution of C species is found to be crucially dominated by the competition between the effective death and the effective birth. It satisfies the conventional scaling form, generalized scaling form, and modified scaling form in the cases of J1e〈J2e, J1e=J2e, and J1e〉J2e, respectively. Meanwhile, we also find the aggregate size distributions of populations and assets both fall into two distinct categories for different parameters μ,ν, and η： （i） When μ=ν=η=0 and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates obey the generalized scaling forms; and （ii） When μ=ν=1,η=0, and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates experience gelation transitions at finite times and the scaling forms break down.     

Directed and elliptic flows in 40Ca + 40Ca and 112Sn + 112Sn collisions

The directed and elliptic flows for different light particles and fragments in collisions of ⁴⁰Ca + ⁴⁰Ca and ¹¹²Sn + ¹¹²Sn at energies from 30MeV/nucleon to 100MeV/nucleon were studied in the isospin-dependent quantum molecule dynamics model (IQMD). With increasing incident energy, the directed flow rises from negative to positive, while the elliptic flow decreases with increasing the incident energies. The directed flow for the ⁴⁰Ca + ⁴⁰Ca system is not sensitive to the nuclear equation of states (EOS), but the directed flow for the ¹¹²Sn + ¹¹²Sn system is sensitive to the EOS. However, the elliptic flows for both ⁴⁰Ca + ⁴⁰Ca and ¹¹²Sn + ¹¹²Sn systems are not sensitive to EOS. A study of the dependence of directed and elliptic flows on the fragment charge (mass) is also performed. Received: 15 March 2002 / Accepted: 14 June 2002 / Published online: 19 November 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: Zhanghy@sinr.ac.cn; Permanent address: Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204(2), Shanghai 201800, China. Communicated by W. Henning     

波数线性校正方法在多烯烃和类胡萝卜素Raman光谱频率校正中的应用

采用密度泛函理论计算了两种类胡萝卜素(β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素) 和几种短链(n=2~5)多烯烃的Raman光谱,用波数线性校正(WLS)方法对计算频率进行了校正,并与常用的几种校正方法作了比较。最常用的单一参数校正(UFS)方法只适用于个别频率的校正,对于所有振动频率的综合校正效果并不理想。WLS方法对于多烯烃和类胡萝卜素的校正结果明显优于UFS方法,校正公式分别为ν_obs／ν_calc=0.999 9-0.000 027 4ν_calc和ν_obs／ν_calc=0.993 8-0.000 024 8ν_calc,这些结果说明WLS方法可以用于类胡萝卜素这样的大分子的频率校正。WLS方法对多烯烃和类胡萝卜素的校正参数非常接近,证明WLS方法对多烯烃的校正结果可以用于类胡萝卜素的频率校正,这为类胡萝卜素频率校正提供了一种新的方法。     

激光拉曼光谱测定流体包裹体成分研究进展

成矿流体研究是矿床学研究中的前沿地带,单个流体包裹体的成分分析更是其中的热点和难点,本文对现有的各种测试技术的优缺点进行了总结,揭示了各自的局限性。通过对与流体包裹体成分分析相关的激光拉曼分析技术的探索过程进行回顾和总结,试图对低温和常温下激光拉曼对流体包裹体成分分析的研究工作的方向进行展望：低温：(1)流体包裹体中常见水盐多元复杂体系的研究工作;(2)对天然流体包裹体成分进行定性、定量尝试;(3)目前常用的显微热台测包裹体盐度将第一次熔融温度作为低共熔温度的方法存在误差,应该做进一步研究;(4)低温下氯盐水合物的结构尚无定论。常温：(1)Fe3+,Zn2+,Cu2+等离子作为主要成矿金属离子在水溶液中与Cl-和H₂O是如何结合的;(2)NaCl,CaCl₂,MgCl₂,CuCl₂,ZnCl₂,FeCl₃含量高低造成水溶液拉曼光谱O—H伸缩振动区域(2 800～3 800 cm-1)的谱峰偏移的原因。     

DNA介导复合膜中[Ru(bpy)3]2+与Cu(Ⅱ)间光诱导电子转移

由于DNA与[Ru(bpy)₃]2+(bpy=2,2′-联吡啶)及Cu2+间的静电作用,用自铸膜法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)上制备了橙红色[Ru(bpy)₃]2+-DNA-Cu2+复合膜,并应用稳态和暂态荧光光谱、紫外可见光谱、荧光显微镜和扫描电镜对复合膜进行了表征和DNA介导的光诱导电子转移(PET)研究。结果表明,[Ru(bpy)₃]2+-DNA-Cu2+复合膜(摩尔比为10∶20∶1)呈现了明显的吸收特征峰(450 nm)和发射峰(λ_em=595 nm),发光呈单指数衰减,发光寿命为188.6 ns,Cu2+通过DNA介导PET机制猝灭[Ru(bpy)₃]2+发光,猝灭常数为6.94×103 L·mol-1,猝灭速率常数为3.80×1010 L·mol-1·s-1;复合膜中Cu2+摩尔比(10倍)的增大使发射峰蓝移了11 nm,吸收和发射强度衰减至消失,Cu2+通过静态猝灭机制削弱[Ru(bpy)₃]2+发光。此外,对比于溶液和复合膜中Cu2+对[Ru(bpy)₂(tatp)]2+-DNA(tatp=1,4,8,9-四氮三苯)的发光调控,Cu2+仅能因静电作用猝灭复合膜中[Ru(bpy)₃]2+的发光。