稀土核区三轴超形变全同带

系统地考察了稀土核区三轴超形变带的跃迁能量、角动量增量顺排和动力学转动惯量.研究表明这些三轴超形变带为全同带.     

A～190区奇-A及奇奇核全同带的研究

应用包含单极对力及四极对力的粒子数守恒方法对A～190区的奇奇核¹⁹⁴Tl和奇A核¹⁹³Tl中的全同带进行了研究.结果发现堵塞效应对全同带的形成及转动惯量随角频率变化的微观机制都起着非常重要的作用.同时文中对¹⁹⁴Tl的6条超形变转动带相对于¹⁹³Tl(1)的角动量顺排i(ω)的量子化也做了研究.     

超形变原子核核结构实验研究

超形变原子核的研究是原子核结构领域的重要前沿。本文从实验研究的角度,讨论原子核超形变研究的主要进展,包括主要实验方法和实验发现、超形变带寿命测量、超形变带转动惯量和高Ｎ组态结构、全同超形变带和自旋顺排量子化、建立在粒子－空穴激发上的超形变带、超形变带中的八极关联、超形变带的馈入布居和退激等。     

超形变原子核核结构实验研究

超形变原子核的研究是原子核结构领域的重要前沿。本文从实验研究的角度，讨论原子核超形变研究的主要进展，包括主要实验方法和实验发现、超形变带寿命测量、超形变带转动惯量和高Ｎ组态结构、全同超形变带和自旋顺排量子化、建立在粒子－空穴激发上的超形变带、超形变带中的八极关联、超形变带的馈入布居和退激等。     

超形变核态研究的进展

简单回顾了超形变(SD)核态的近期进展,着重介绍了SD转动带的唯象分析,包括SD带角动量的确定,运动学和动力学转动惯量随转动频率的变化及其相互关系等.给出了说明所谓"全同"SD带的一个可信的方案,与现有的微观理论计算是一致的.在此方案中毋需引进赝自旋顺排的概念.     

超形变核全同带的研究

简述了超形变原子核全同带的研究进展情况,并以Bohr-Mottelson的I(I+1)展开转动谱公式对部分典型的超形变带进行了分析.发现所谓全同带的确只是两个带的J⁽²⁾比较接近,它们的J⁽¹⁾和J₀并不相等,而且signature对偶带更接近全同.     

全同多准粒子转动带的内部结构

用粒子数守恒方法研究了全同带的内部结构.几乎全同转动惯量的出现是下列三种效应竞争的结果:即壳效应(包括形变的改变)、配对(反顺排)效应和堵塞(反配对)效应.粒子数守恒方法计算出的全同多准粒子带的转动惯量与实验值符合很好,计算中无自由参数.     

A≈190质量区奇A核超形变带的系统研究

利用包括多体相互作用和具有SO(5)(或SU(5))对称性的对转动对称微扰的超对称模型方法,对A≈190质量区奇A核的超形变转动带进行系统的研究,无论是E2跃迁γ射线能谱,还是动力学转动惯量都得到与实验结果很好定量符合的结果.这表明,超对称方法不仅可以很好地描述超形变带的整体性质,还可以很好地描述超形变带的ΔI=4分岔和全同带等奇异现象.     

高自旋超形变带的代数模型研究

介绍高自旋超形变带的研究现状,提出一种可以统一描述超形变带的ΔI=4分岔现象、全同带现象等的代数模型,计算结果表明ΔI=4分岔现象可能起因于具有SO(5)(或SU(5))对称的微扰,全同带现象可能是产生超形变态的平均场具有超对称性的结果.     

190区超形变核中转动带的组态结构

通过系统研究A～190区超形变核中转动带的转动惯量、角动量顺排、旋称分裂随转动频率的变化规律, 结合我们用处理对力的粒子数守恒方法的计算结果, 对A～190区所有转动带的组态结构给出了一个整体的描述. 绝大多数超形变带都建立在强耦合轨道上, 例如中子[512]5/2, [624]9/2. 少数超形变带则建立在高j闯入轨道上, 即中子[761]3/2, [752]5/2. 根据我们提出的组态结构所进行的理论计算结果表明, A～190区所有转动带的一般行为、反常变化和带交叉都得到了满意的解释.     

Identical bands: two steps forward

The identical bands phenomenon has been studied in detail both experimentally and theoretically. A first step has been done by analysing the distributions of the fractional changes in the dynamical moments of inertia of superdeformed nuclei. They showthat there is a clear excess of identical bands in superdeformed nuclei compared to normally-deformed nuclei at low spin. Furthermore, this difference can be traced back to some special properties of superdeformed bands. The second step consists in the precise lifetime measurements that have been performed in superdeformed nuclei of the rare earth region. The derived quadrupole moments support the picture that alignments and deformation effects cancel in identical bands.     

The low-lying rotational bands of the neutron-rich nucleus <Superscript>172</Superscript>Tm

The microscopic mechanism of four experimentally observed bands in 172Tm is investigated using the particle-number conserving method of the cranked shell model with monopole and quadrupole paring interactions.The experimental results,including the moments of inertia and angular momentum alignments of four bands in 172Tm are reproduced well by the particle-number conserving calculations.The ω variation of the occupation probability of each cranked orbital and the contribution to moment of inertia from each c...     

High spin states in neutron-rich 106Tc nucleus

The high spin states of the neutron-rich odd-odd 106Tc nucleus have been reinvestigated by observing prompt γ-rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf. A previously known collective band is confirmed and expanded, and a new collective band is newly identified. Several levels in previous report in 106Tc are reexamined and they belong to the members of a band in 107Tc. The total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations show that the 106Tc has triaxial shape. The spins and parities as well as the configurations for these bands have been tentatively assigned according to the analysis of the angular momentum alignments.     

Backbendings of superdeformed bands in ~(36,40)Ar

Experimentally observed superdeformed(SD) rotational bands in ~(36)Ar and ~(40)Ar are studied by the cranked shell model(CSM) with the pairing correlations treated by a particle-number-conserving(PNC) method.This is the first time that PNC-CSM calculations have been performed on the light nuclear mass region around A=40.The experimental kinematic moments of inertia J~((1))versus rotational frequency are reproduced well. The backbending of the SD band at frequency around ω =1.5 Me V in ~(36)Ar is attributed to the sharp rise of the simultaneous alignments of the neutron and proton 1 d_(5/2)[202]5/2 pairs and 1 f_(7/2)[321]3/2 pairs, which is a consequence of the band crossing between the 1 d_(5/2)[202]5/2 and 1 f_(7/2)[321]3/2 configuration states. The gentle upbending at low frequency of the SD band in ~(40)Ar is mainly affected by the alignments of the neutron 1 f_(7/2)[321]3/2 pairs and proton 1 d_(5/2)[202]5/2 pairs.The PNC-CSM calculations show that besides the diagonal parts, the off-diagonal parts of the alignments play an important role in the rotational behavior of the SD bands.     

Investigation of the two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd nucleus 166Ta using a particle-number conserving cranked shell model

The high-spin rotational properties of two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd ~(166)Ta are analyzed using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments and their variations with the rotational frequency ω are reproduced very well by the particle-number conserving calculations, which provides a reliable support to the configuration assignments in previous works for these bands. The backbendings in these two-quasiparticle bands are analyzed by the calculated occupation probabilities and the contributions of each orbital to the total angular momentum alignments. The moments of inertia and alignments for the Gallagher-Moszkowski partners of these observed two-quasiparticle rotational bands are also predicted.     

Bohr-Mottelson转动谱公式参数之间的新关系式

在利用Harris两参数公式研究Bohr-Mottelson转动谱公式参数之间的关系的基础上,改用Harris三参数公式,并由此提出了Bohr-Mottelson转动谱公式参数之间的新关系式,进而用I(I+1)四参数展开式计算了A～60,80,130,140,150,190区超形变偶偶核的基带和锕系和稀土区正常形变核基带,讨论了参数之间的关系,发现新关系式与实验较好地符合.     

Superdeformed bands in195Tl

Two superdeformed (SD) bands have been found and assigned to¹⁹⁵Tl on the basis of excitation function and cross bombardment results. The two bands are almost identical in transition energies to those observed in¹⁹³Tl. They are signature partners with a splitting, presumably due to the proton i_13/2 (=5/2) orbital, characteristic of all known SD bands in the thallium isotopes. Their alignments relative to the¹⁹³Tl bands were found to be zero.On leave from Comision National de Energia Atomica 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina.     

Equivalence of Dirac quantization and Schwinger's action principle quantization

We show that the method of Dirac quantization is equivalent to Schwinger's action principle quantization. The relation between the Lagrange undetermined multipliers in Schwinger's method and Dirac's constraint bracket matrix is established and it is explicitly shown that the two methods yield identical (anti)commutators. This is demonstrated in the non-trivial example of supersymmetric quantum mechanics in superspace.     

能带反折叠方法研究进展

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法已经成为人们研究材料结构、性质以及进行新功能材 料设计的重要手段。对于掺杂和界面体系，人们常常需要使用超胞来描述。超胞的使用导致能带 折叠，从而掩盖能带结构的重要特征，为人们分析掺杂和界面效应对材料能带结构的影响带来困 难。本文概述了超胞导致的能带折叠现象，重点介绍了基于平面波和原子轨道的能带反折叠方法、 声子能带反折叠方法及相关计算工具，给出了该方法在掺杂和界面体系电子、声子能带结构方面 应用的例子，并对该方法进行了展望。