茂钛全氟丁基磺酸盐/锌粉体系高效催化不对称单硒醚合成

在室温条件,氮气氛围下,以商用四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,10 mol%的茂钛全氟丁基磺酸盐(1·H_2O·THF)/锌粉(1.2equiv.)体系催化二芳基二硒醚与溴代烷反应,高产率地合成了一系列不对称的单硒醚化合物.其可能机理为,锌粉还原Cp_2Ti~Ⅳ(OPf)_2 (Pf=SO_2C_4F_9)生成三价钛配合物Cp_2Ti~ⅢOPf,然后Cp_2Ti~ⅢOPf与ArSeSeAr反应形成中间体Cp_2Ti~ⅣSeAr(OPf),随后与溴代烷反应生成不对称单硒醚化合物.首次报道1·H_2OTHF/Zn体系催化合成不对称单硒醚,该方法具有反应条件温和,操作简单,反应收率高等优点.     

电催化4-喹诺酮和二烃基二硒醚的交叉脱氢偶联反应

发展环境污染少的可持续绿色合成反应是绿色化学的主要目标之一.均相反应是制备高附加值化学品的重要方法,但是该类反应普遍存在催化剂和有机溶剂不易回收利用、产品分离纯化成本高、污染重的问题.发展兼具催化剂和溶剂易循环使用及产品易分离纯化的高附加值化学品的绿色制备方法具有重要的研究意义.4-喹诺酮是一类重要的氮杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中.硒醚化喹诺酮是一种高价值的喹啉酮衍生物,具有非常重要的药理活性和生物活性,其高效构建对于开发喹诺酮类药物具有重要意义.4-喹诺酮化合物与二烃基二硒醚化合物的氧化交叉脱氢偶联反应是合成硒醚化喹诺酮化合物的经典方法,但是该类反应需要使用过量的二烃基二硒醚和氧化剂,不仅反应成本高,而且官能团兼容性也受限制.此外,过量二烃基二硒醚试剂和氧化剂的使用也增加了产物分离提纯难度,且会造成环境污染.为解决传统硒醚化喹诺酮化合物制备中存在的问题,本文发展了一种绿色实用的3-硒醚化喹诺酮化合物的电化学合成方法.通过条件筛选发现使用25 mol％的碘化钾作为催化剂和电解质,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,石墨棒电极为阳极,铂片电极为阴极,在10 mA直流电作用下,喹诺酮化合物和二烃基二硒醚化合物发生氧化交叉脱氢偶联反应,高效合成硒醚化喹诺酮产物.在3-硒醚化喹诺酮化合物的克级规模制备中,只需要使用15 mol％的碘化钾作为催化剂,同时原料的浓度可以提高10倍,降低了溶剂的使用.反应结束后,加水至反应体系,析出高纯度的3-硒醚化喹诺酮产物.过滤产物后,减压回收体系的水份,KI/DMSO体系可以循环使用5次以上,且反应效率不受影响.对比传统的4-喹诺酮和二烃基二硒醚氧化交叉脱氢偶联反应,本文发展的电化学反应具有优异的原子经济性.反应只需使用0.5当量的二烃基二硒醚试剂,利用清洁无痕的电子代替传统的化学氧化剂,洁净的氢气是唯一副产物.绿色化学常数计算表明,本文发展的电化学合成方法的原子效率是文献(J.Org.Chem.,2018,83,12411–12419)报道的5.8倍,Eco-Scale指数是其2.5倍,而过程质量强度(PMI)降低了264倍,分离步骤由5步减少至2步.综上,本文发展了一种低成本,环境友好的3-硒醚化喹诺酮化合物的合成方法,为硒醚化喹诺酮化合物的开发利用提供了高效绿色的新途径.     

氢氧化铯促进下硒、端炔及卤代烃反应合成炔硒醚

DMF作溶剂, 4Å分子筛存在下, 将端炔、CsOH、硒粉在室温搅拌2 h, 然后加入溴代烃或二芳基碘盐, 在室温下搅拌20 h, 得炔硒醚, 收率约60%. 反应机理为端炔与氢氧化铯作用形成炔化铯, 然后元素硒进行C—Cs键插入形成炔硒化铯, 炔硒化铯对溴代烃或二芳基碘盐进行亲核取代得到相应的炔硒醚     

1,1′-二硒取代二茂铁衍生物的合成

由1,2,3-三硒[3]桥二茂铁(Ferrocenophane)经LiAlH_4还原生成二硒酚,不经分离直接与一亲电试剂在三乙胺存在下反应,得到7种1,1′-二硒醚二茂铁,4种1,n-二硒[n]桥二茂铁(n=3～5)和1种螺形化合物[Fe(C_5H_4Se)_2]_2Sn。这12种化合物中有7种尚未见文献报道,对其中几种产物进行了~(77)Se NMR谱及质谱分析。讨论了影响产率的因素和核磁共振图谱。     

氯化锌催化硒酚对环氧化合物开环反应合成β-羟基硒醚

 研究了在室温下ZnCl2催化硒酚对环氧化合物开环反应合成β-羟基硒醚. 通过这一简单、有效和原子经济性的反应,高收率和高选择性地合成了几种β-羟基硒醚. 从环氧化合物3-邻甲苯氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷出发,经一锅三步反应,合成了相应的1,3-恶唑-2-酮.     

β-榄香烯烃基硒醚的一锅法合成

常温下将硒用N2H4•H2O还原后与卤代烃反应得到对称二硒醚, 不经分离直接用NaBH4还原, 再与13-氯-β-榄香烯作用得到β-榄香烯烃基硒醚. 此一锅法操作简便、条件温和、反应快速而且产率较高, 是合成不对称硒醚的一种简便实用的方法. 对化合物g的初步生物活性实验表明其具有显著的抗氧化作用.     

2-硒代咪唑类化合物催化CO与胺的羰基化反应

首次研究了2-硒代咪唑类化合物催化的一氧化碳对胺的羰基化生成对称脲或噁唑啉-2-酮的反应,目标产物收率中等到良好.与传统的单质硒催化的羰基化反应相比,新催化体系有效避免了有恶臭气味的含硒化合物的产生.     

氢氧化铯促进二烷基二硒醚的合成

氢氧化铯存在下,以无水N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作溶剂,在室温下水合肼还原硒形成的二硒化铯与含官能团的卤代烃或磺酸酯反应,高收率地形成对应的二烷基二硒醚.     

含水介质中活性金属镉促进的不对称单硒醚的合成

用Sm/CdCl~2/THF-H~2O(4/1)体系在原位获得活性金属镉,继而使二硒醚与卤代烃在室温下反应得到不对称单硒醚,该反应条件温和,中性,产率良好,提供了合成不对称单硒醚的一条新途径。     

三溴化金催化端炔与二芳基二硒醚反应合成炔基硒醚

炔基硒醚是合成一些有机硒化合物的重要起始物。本文研究发现,在三溴化金(Au Br3)催化下,端位炔和二芳基二硒醚在弱碱(如碳酸钾)存在下反应,生成炔基芳基硒醚,产率为69%~98%;在空气参与下,于80℃下进行反应,反应条件简单,且二硒醚的两个硒原子均可以被利用。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)是合适的溶剂,在极性较小的溶剂(如甲苯、四氢呋喃)中,此反应不能进行。芳基炔(如苯乙炔、对甲基苯乙炔、对氯苯乙炔等)、烯基炔(如环己烯乙炔)和烷基炔(如1-壬炔)均能顺利进行此反应。当芳基炔苯环的间位或邻位连有取代基时,反应产率较低(69%~82%),而对位无论是连有吸电子基还是给电子基,该反应均可以得到很高的产率(95%)。     

The use of sodium tetraethylborate for the derivatization and analysis of selenium containing compounds

Several selenium containing compounds have been derivatized to diethyl selenide using sodium tetraethylborate. The evolved diethyl selenide was detected by gas chromatography interfaced with atomic absorption or mass spectroscopic methods. Derivatization was carried out on the analyte in a sealed vial using an aqueous solution of sodium tetraethylborate (2%) added by means of a syringe.     

Detecting a sodium chloride ion pair in ice using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.

The hydrogen bond resonance of a sodium chloride (NaCl) ion pair trapped in aqueous ice has been observed by transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The absorption peak of a sodium chloride ion pair in ice is 1.65 THz at 83 K. By investigating the interaction of the cation and anion with other chemical compounds, we deduce that the absorption peak originates from the hydrogen bond resonance of sodium chloride and water molecules. The charge redistribution that occurs when other ion pairs are added to aqueous salt solution changes the absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the results also indicate that simple molecules such as sodium halides have fingerprints in the terahertz region when the ions are trapped in ice. NaCl ion pairs in seawater and in Ringer's solution were examined.     

A new electrochemical procedure for preparing 2,4,6-triphenylselenopyran from 1,5-diketones under conditions of acid catalysis

A new electrochemical procedure was developed for preparing 2,4,6-triphenylselenopyran from 1,5-diketones under conditions of acid catalysis at oxidative electrochemical activation of hydrogen selenide in the presence of a one-electron oxidizing agent in a nonaqueous solution. The electrolysis products were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector.     

From Isocyanides via Four-Component Condensations to Antibiotic Syntheses

The four-component condensation of amines and carbonyl compounds with isocyanides

1 Previously, isocyanides were almost always referred to as isonitriles. However, according to IUPAC Rule C-833.1 only the name “isocyanides” is permissible.

and suitable acid components (water, thiosulfuric acid, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen azide, cyanic acid, thiocyanic acid, carboxylic acids, methyl hydrogen carbonate) to form α-amino acid derivatives was discovered in 1959. This reaction principle shares some features with the Strecker synthesis and the Passerini reaction. The four-component condensation affords easy and effective one-pot synthesis of complex molecules from simple building blocks. Only in recent years, however, have the preparative advantages of the four-component condensation been exploited by numerous authors in the synthesis of diverse natural products and related compounds, although many of the possibilities opened by this principle were recognized more than two decades ago. In this progress report some instructive syntheses of various antibiotics are reviewed. The design of each of these syntheses involves a four-component condensation as key step, by means of which lengthy sequences of reactions are avoided, which otherwise would be required to achieve the synthetic goal.     

(Z,Z)-Selanediylbis(2-propenamides): Novel Class of Organoselenium Compounds with High Glutathione Peroxidase-Like Activity. Regio- and Stereoselective Reaction of Sodium Selenide with 3-Trimethylsilyl-2-propynamides

The efficient regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (Z,Z)-3,3′-selanediylbis(2-propenamides) in 76–93% yields was developed based on the reaction of sodium selenide with 3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynamides. (Z,Z)-3,3′-Selanediylbis(2-propenamides) are a novel class of organoselenium compounds. To date, not a single representative of 3,3′-selanediylbis(2-propenamides) has been described in the literature. Studying glutathione peroxidase-like properties by a model reaction showed that the activity of the obtained products significantly varies depending on the organic moieties in the amide group. Divinyl selenide, which contains two lipophilic cyclohexyl substituents in the amide group, exhibits very high glutathione peroxidase-like activity and this compound is considerably superior to other products in this respect.     

A convenient one-step preparation of diaminonitrile compounds

A new method for preparation of diaminonitrile compounds is reported.In this method primary aliphatic diamine compounds were condensed with two equivalents of benzaldehyde and sodium cyanide in presence of an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogensulfite under mild conditions.This method provides an efficient,convenient and practical method for the syntheses of diaminonitrile compounds and the products are easily isolated.The prepared new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,IR,NMR spectroscop...     

Some Methods for Human Liquid and Solid Waste Utilization in Bioregenerative Life-Support Systems

Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) are studied for developing the technology for a future biological life-support system for long-term manned space missions. Ways to utilize human liquid and solid wastes to increase the closure degree of BLSS were investigated. First, urine and faeces underwent oxidation by Kudenko's physicochemical method. The products were then used for root nutrition of wheat grown by the soil-like substrate culture method. Two means of eliminating sodium chloride, introduced into the irrigation solution together with the products of urine oxidation, were investigated. The first was based on routine electrodialysis of irrigation water at the end of wheat vegetation. Dialysis eliminated about 50% of Na from the solution. This desalinization was performed for nine vegetations. The second method was new: after wheat cultivation, the irrigation solution and the solution obtained by washing the substrate containing mineral elements not absorbed by the plants were used to grow salt-tolerant Salicornia europaea L. plants (saltwort). The above-ground biomass of this plant can be used as a food, and roots can be added to the soil-like substrate. Four consecutive wheat and Salicornia vegetations were cultivated. As a result of this wheat and Salicornia cultivation process, the soil-like substrate salinization by NaCl were considerably decreased.     

Catalytic oxidation of furan and hydrofuran compounds. 4. Oxidation of furfural by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium molybdate

The oxidation of furfural by an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium molybdate was studied for the first time. Its final products are 2(5H)-furanone and also tartaric, malic, and succinic acids. The process takes place through the formation of peroxide and carbonyl compounds. Kinetic curves for the consumption of the reagents and the accumulation of the reaction products were obtained. In direction oxidation in this system differs substantially from the previously studied reactions of furfural with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide without a catalyst and in the presence of selenium and vanadium compounds.For Communication 3, see [1].Kubansk State Technological University, Krasnodar 350072, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 898–903, July, 1998.     

Treatment of radioactive waste phenol with Fenton's oxidation

A new procedure was developed for the waste treatment of radioactive phenol on a laboratory scale. Waste phenol was dissolved in water (2% as phenol), and ferrous ion (10 mg/l as Fe2+) was added. Hydrogen peroxide (6% as H2O2) was added separately in three steps, 20, 30, and 50% of the volume, in order to avoid rapid reaction. The solution was heated at 80-90 degrees C for several hours in a beaker covered with a watch glass till the color of the solution changes from red purple to pale yellow. Then, the solution was neutralized with sodium hydroxide and heated for 1 h to decompose excess hydrogen peroxide. When the procedure is carried out with four 2 l beakers on a hot plate, 100 ml of phenol (1,200 ml of the aqueous solution saturated with phenol) can be oxidized simultaneously.     

AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDRO SELENOLO (2,3-b)QUINOLINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ETHYL ESTERS AND 2-SELENOXO-1, 2-DIHYDRO-3-CARBETHOXY ETHYL QUINOLINES—THEIR ANTI-BACTERIAL STUDIES

The compounds dihydro selenolo(2,3-b)quinoline-2-carboxylic ethyl esters and 2-selenoxo-1, 2-dihydro-3-carbethoxy ethyl quinolines were synthesized in varying yields upon reacting 3-(2-chloro-3-quinolyl)acrylic methyl esters with the nucleophilic reagent sodium hydrogen selenide in ethanol medium under nitrogen atmosphere.