β-环糊精及其衍生物与TNS超分子包络物研究

环糊精(Cyclodextrin,简称CD)又名沙丁格糊精(Schardinger dextrin),它们是由环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGT)作用于淀粉所产生的一组以α-1,4糖苷键结合的环状低聚糖.其中最常用的是β-CD.作为有序介质的一种,其显著结构特征是存在一个筒状立体手性疏水空腔[1].     

杀鼠剂溴敌隆和环糊精的超分子作用及分析应用

利用光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)与杀鼠剂溴敌隆(BRD)的超分子作用, 结果发现二者可形成1∶1的超分子包络物, 室温下包络常数为357.7 L/mol. 通过相关数据和对4-羟基香豆素的对比试验初步探索了溴敌隆和β-环糊精的包络模式, 应该是溴敌隆结构中的疏水基团4-羟基香豆素母环或者溴代联苯基进入了β-环糊精的疏水空腔之中从而形成超分子包络物. 实验还观察到这种包络作用可以大大增敏溴敌隆的荧光. 据此, 建立了水溶液中测定溴敌隆的荧光光度法并考察了影响二者包络作用的因素. 在优化的条件下, 线性范围为8.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限2.5×10-8 mol/L. 该方法用于渠水中微量溴敌隆的测定, 回收率为92.2%～109.4%.     

荧光各向异性法研究环糊精包络物

推导了用荧光各向异性法测定环糊精包络物平衡结合常数的方程式,并用于测定芘-β-环糊精包络物的结合常数,获得了满意的结果,依据推得的方程式并结合各向异性～环糊精浓度曲线讨论了环糊精包络物存在形式及主-客体作用方式,预计了以蔡衍生物为配体的金属离子分析方法应用β-环糊精的可能性。     

荧光光谱法测定环糊精包络物的形成常数

环糊精(Cyclodextrin,简写为CD)是由淀粉经酶促水解而形成的一种筒形低聚葡萄糖,单体间以α-1,4糖甙键相联。常见的有α-,β-和γ-CD三种,其中葡萄糖单体数分别     

超分子中主体热分解行为的多样性分析——残存态环糊精的热分解

指出了只有在主-客体超分子化学中才能出现的主体热分解行为多样性现象, 提出了所谓的残存态主体(survived host)的概念. 残存态主体意指主-客体超分子失去客体后的产物, 它是由分子间弱相互作用所引起的主-客体包合现象的有力佐证. 以残存态环糊精(survived CD)为着眼点, 仔细比较了游离态CD、CD包合物即包结态CD与残存态CD的热分解行为差异性, 据此指出了有关文献在进行包结态CD热分解动力学计算时, 将残存态CD当成包结态CD来处理的一个概念错误.     

β-CD与Triton X-100超分子包络物的研究

通过荧光光谱法和^1HNMR研究了水溶液中β-环糊精（β-CD）与TritonX-100形成的超分子包络物．结果表明,在溶液中β-CD与TritonX-100形成了1：1二元包络物．25℃时超分子包络物的表观稳定常数为（3．04±0．22）×10^4L／mol．TritonX-100疏水性端包结在β-CD空腔内．     

环糊精及其包络物的分子力学研究

本文用分子力学方法研究了环糊精及其包络物的性质, 探讨了包络过程及其驱动力, 与电化学实验结果对比获得一致性结伦。     

电化学方法研究环糊精-硝基氯苯包络物

在KCl水溶液介质中,以单扫示波极谱及循环伏安法研究了硝基氯苯及其与各种环糊精包络物的电化学行为。硝基氯苯与β-环糊精、羟乙基-氨基-6去氧-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、羟乙基-β-环糊精的包络比均为1：1。测定了不同温度下各包络物的包络常数。通过测量溶液的热力学参数ΔH、ΔS、ΔG,讨论了包络现象。     

环糊精超分子组装体的研究进展

环糊精是由若干个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键连接而成的环状低聚糖,具有一个亲水性的外表面和一个疏水性的空腔。利用主客体相互作用,环糊精及其衍生物能够选择性地与大小匹配的疏水性客体分子形成各种超分子包合物。本文概述了环糊精的结构与性质,并介绍了近年来国内外以环糊精为基础的纳米粒子、水凝胶等超分子组装体的设计原理、作用机制、刺激响应及应用特点,并对环糊精超分子组装体的前景进行了展望。     

环糊精-聚合物超分子材料的研究进展

环糊精是由若干D-吡喃葡萄糖单元环状排列而成的圆锥状筒形分子,具有中空内孔结构.研究表明:当长链高分子的分子尺寸与环糊精内径相匹配时,高分子可作为客体分子串入环糊精的中空内孔中自聚集成为一种独特的超分子包结物.本文从环糊精的结构性质、环糊精-聚合物超分子的复合机理、客体聚合物的种类、以及复合物的应用领域四个方面全面综述了近年来有关环糊精和高聚物包结物的相关研究现状.并在最后展望了环糊精-聚合物超分子未来的发展方向.     

Formation of Inclusion Complexes between Cyclodextrins and Carbaryl and Characterization of the Complexes

The solubility of carbaryl increased with increasing concentrations of-CD, G₂--CD, and M--CD. The result suggests theformation of soluble inclusion complex. Solubility increase was highestin M--CD-carbaryl, being 18.4 fold higher than that of carbaryl when 100 mM M--CD was used. The apparent formation constant for the complex calculated from phase solubility diagram was 223.18 M^-1. The preparation of the complex in solid form for characterization was successful by kneading andfreeze-drying. The DSC curves for kneading and freeze-drying mixture didnot show the endothermic peak characteristic of carbaryl, but a small new endothermic peak was observed. FTIR analysis showed a shift of the major peak of carbonyl group in carbaryl molecule from 1717 to 1744 and 1734 cm^-1 in kneading and freeze-dried mixtures, respectively. M--CD-carbaryl complex demonstrated higher dissolution rate, higher thermal and UV stability but lower toxicity than its parent carbaryl compound.     

Spectroscopic Study of the Inclusion Complexes of Phenylbutazone and Oxyphenbutazone with Cyclodextrins in Polar Reaction Media

The formation of inclusion complexes of -, -, hydroxypropyl-- (HP--) and -cyclodextrins with phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone has been studied in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.5 and 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaCl), dimethylsulfoxide, and 25, 50 and 75% dimethylsulfoxide/water mixtures. These complexation reactions have been followed by UV electronic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, 1D and 2D ¹H NMR spectra were recorded to obtain structural information about the inclusion complexes formed in solution; 136 binding constant values were determined at five different temperatures (288, 293, 298, 303 and 310 K) from the electronic absorption data and, from these H_binding and S_binding values were obtained. At the studied cyclodextrin and guest concentration ranges, 1 : 1 inclusion complexes were detected. Only in three cases were 1 : 2 complexes detected, those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone with -cyclodextrin in aqueous, and oxyphenbutazone with hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin in 75% dimethylsulfoxide/water solutions.     

Kinetic Studies on the Thermal Dissociation of β-Cyclodextrin·Ethyl Benzoate Inclusion Complexes

The stability of β-cyclodextrin·ethyl benzoate·6H₂O(β-CD·C₆H₅COOC₂H₅·6H₂O) was investigated by TG and DSC. The mass loss takes place in three stages: the dehydration occurs at 50-120°C; the dissociation of β-CD·C₆H₅COOC₂H₅occurs at 200-260°C; the decomposition of β-CD begins at 280°C. The kinetics of the dissociation of β-CD·C₆H₅COOC₂H₅in a dry nitrogen flow was studied by means of thermogravimetry both at constant temperature and linearly increasing temperature. The results show that the dissociation of β-CD·C₆H₅COOC₂H₅is dominated by a three-dimensional diffusion process (D₃). The activation energy E is 116.19 kJ mol^-1and the pre-exponential factor A 6.5358·10⁹min^-1. Cyclodextrin is able to form inclusion complexes with a great variety of guest molecules, and the studies focus on the energy of binding between cyclodextrin and the guest molecule. In this paper, the β-cyclodextrin·ethyl benzoate inclusion complex was studied by fluorescence spectrophotometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy, and the results show that the stable energy of inclusion complexes of β-CD with weakly polar guest molecules consists mainly of van der Waals interaction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Physicochemical Properties and Complex Formation Abilities of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins

Large-ring cyclodextrins (LR-CD) are cyclic -1,4-glucanscomposed of nine to more than several hundred glucopyranose units. The firstdefinitive evidence for the existence of LR-CD with a degree of polymerization between 9and 13 was reported in 1965. That LR-CD study did not reveal anything that attracted attention. LR-CD with a degree of polymerization between 9 and 31 were isolated andcharacterized during the past decade, and so began to attract considerable attention. This mini-review summarizes the findings of LR-CD with regard to the potentialfor host-guest interactions and corresponding applications.     

差热分析求可逆相变焓的模拟研究

就样品的比热在相变前后均是温度函数的一般情况 ,通过动态地模拟DTA测量样品所经历的整个相变过程 ,验证了DTA中该相变潜热公式及相应的面积方法的正确性。证明对于可逆相变 ,采用文章所建议的面积法 ,把升降温过程中测得的相变潜热取一算术平均值 ,可最大限度地减少由于样品内温度梯度及样品比热是温度函数所带来的测量误差     

Zr(OH)4的热分解及ZrO2的相变过程

利用TG-TDG-DTA热分析技术研究了由Zr（OH）4热分解制备ZrO2的脱水过程,并结合X射线粉末衍射技术研究了ZrO2的相变过程．发现在82℃的吸热峰对应Zr（OH）4的脱水,而435℃附近出现的放热峰则为四方ZrO2向单斜ZrO2的晶相转变．采用外推法确定了Zr（OH）4脱水过程遵循三维扩散机理,其函数方程为g（α）=[{1／（1-α）}^1/3-1]^2．以实验获得的动力学参数ln A和E为基础,用最小二乘法对ln A和E进行线性拟合,得到动力学补偿效应表达式为ln A=0．437E-20．69．     

d-f跃迁发光稀土配合物研究进展

稀土配合物独特的发光性质使其在众多领域有很大的应用价值.其中,d-f跃迁发光稀土配合物具有跃迁宇称允许、激发态寿命短和光谱可调等特点,但相关研究还有待进一步深入.本文介绍了稀土配合物的发光机制,综述了具有d-f跃迁发光性质的稀土配合物(主要是Ce3+,Eu2+,Yb2+和Sm2+配合物)的研究进展,并初步总结了配合物分...     

Oxidation of Natural and Thermal Denatured Bovine Serum Albumin Hydrazyl Free Radicals in the Presence of Cyclodextrins

The influence of certain thermal treatments on the reactivity of bovine serum albumin (denaturation followed by renaturation in three different cooling conditions) was studied monitoring the kinetics of oxidation of BSA with two water-soluble stable hydrazyl radicals. The results showed that the addition to the reaction mixture of -cyclodextrin and -cyclodextrin decreases the oxidation rate, probably due to the encapsulation of terminal amino acid rests by the cyclodextrins cavity. -Cyclodextrin protects more efficiently the albumin probes than -cyclodextrin. The denatured albumin probes are more reactive than natural albumin as a consequence of the reorienting of the hydrophobic rests of albumin molecule to their surface.     

Preparation and Thermal behaviour of Transition Metal Complexes of 4,5-Imidazoledicarboxylic Acid

Some new transition metal imidazolehydrogendicarboxylate hydrates of empirical formula M(Himdc)2·nH₂O (H ₂ imdc=4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid), where n=2 for M=Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd and n=3 for M=Co, have been prepared in aqueous solution. The compounds have been characterized by analytical, electronic and IR spectroscopic, thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction studies. Electronic spectroscopic data suggest that the Co and Ni compounds are of spin free (high spin) type with octahedral geometry. For these compounds, the IR bands in the region 1750-1710 cm^-1 has been assigned to stretching vibrations of the non-ionized carboxylic group, confirming that the ligand is monoionized. IR spectra also suggest the unidentate co-ordination behaviour of carboxylate (v_asy =1570 and v_sym=1390 cm^-1) groups of the imidazoledicarboxylate monoanion. The thermal behaviour of these compounds has been studied by simultaneous TG-DTA techniques. All of these compounds are dihydrates except cobalt which is a trihydrate. Thermal decomposition studies show that they lose two water molecules endothermally in the range 200-270°C to give their anhydrous compounds, indicating that these water molecules are coordinated to the metal. The anhydrous compounds further decompose exothermally in the range 300-620°C to leave the respective metal oxides via the metal oxalate intermediates. Whereas the manganese compound undergoes pyrolytic cleavage in a single step to give the manganese carbonate as the final residue. Isomorphic nature of these compounds is evident from XRD data. Six-coordination for the metal atoms has been proposed based on the thermal analysis, visible and IR spectroscopic results. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Studies on Solid Complexes of Uracil With Some Divalent Transition Metal Ions

The thermal behaviour of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pd(II) complexes of uracil was studied by TG, DTG and DTA in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere. Two processes occur in the isolated uracil complexes: dehydration and pyrolytic decomposition. In the hydrated complexes, the first stage observed was the loss of water molecules, which was followed by decomposition of the uracil. The thermal dehydration of the complexes occurred in from one to three steps. The final decomposition products were found to be the respective metal oxides, except in the cases of the Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes, which produced metallic cobalt and palladium, respectively. The order of reaction and energy of activation for the dehydration stage were evaluated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.