光敏型阴离子表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

本文制备了一种含有偶氮苯基团的阴离子表面活性剂,其表面活性及对方解石矿物的润湿性能,可以用紫外光照射进行调控。在紫外光照射后,表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、分子极限占有面积(Amin)增大,饱和吸附量(Гmax)和降低表面张力的效率(pC20)降低,对方解石的润湿能力增强。     

表面活性剂溶致液晶体系研究进展

从表面活性剂溶致液晶的发现、发展、研究方法及应用等方面对该领域的研究状况与发展趋势进行了概述。     

生物表面活性剂应用研究进展

生物表面活性剂是由微生物产生的天然产物,具有表面活性高、对环境无污染、生物可降解性及良好的抑菌作用等优于化学合成的表面活性剂的独特性质。本文对生物表面活性剂的特性、分类及其制备方法进行了介绍,对生物表面活性剂在石油工业、环境工业、医药、食品、农业和化妆品工业等领域的应用进行了总结,展望了生物表面活性剂的良好应用前景。     

Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

Gemini型表面活性剂是一类双亲油基双亲水基的两亲物，因其特殊的二聚结构从而具有许多特殊的物化性质。综述了Gemini型表面活性剂的研究进展、合成方法、物化性质及其应用。     

烷基酚阴离子表面活性剂的合成与应用进展

将本实验室最新研究成果与相关文献报导相结合,介绍了目前以烷基酚为原料合成阴-非离子表面活性剂、Extended表面活性剂和Gemini表面活性剂的最新动态,特别注重它们在三次采油等非直接环境排放型应用场合的高效合理利用。指出深入开发区域选择性硫酸化/磺化、硫酸酯盐转磺酸盐、羟基直接氧化合成羧酸盐以及烷基酚偶联合成Gemini骨架等技术对于合理和高效利用烷基酚具有重要意义。     

新型表面活性剂研究进展--Bola型表面活性剂与Gemini型表面活性剂

对两类新型表面活性剂--Bola型表面活性剂和Gemini型表面活性剂,从结构特点、研究历史、水中的溶解性与Krafft点、表面活性与表面吸附、临界胶团浓度、水中的聚集体类型与转化、研究前景等方面进行综述.     

表面活性剂在定性分析实验中的应用

表面活性剂在定性分析实验中的应用张宗贵（楚雄师范高等专科学校云南６７５０００）现行定性分析实验教材中某些离子的鉴定方法灵敏度不高，反应的色调不易辨认，学生难以作出确切结论，如用“茜素Ｓ”法鉴定Ａｌ３＋就是如此。再者，第二、三组阳离子用硫化物沉淀时由于...     

氟碳杂化表面活性剂的研究进展

氟碳杂化表面活性剂是指分子结构中同时含有氟碳链和碳氢链的表面活性剂。从氟碳杂化表面活性剂的类型,合成路线,溶液性能及应用等方面系统地综述了其研究进展。参考文献46篇。     

生物质表面活性剂研究进展

生物质表面活性剂因其原料来源广泛、可再生、无污染等优点,已成为替代石油基表面活性剂的最优选择。目前,生物质类表面活性剂主要以天然脂类、糖类、蛋白质和生物质酚类等物质为原料制备而成,因其特殊的"两亲性"结构,使其具有良好的分散、乳化、增稠、絮凝以及独特的生理等性能,在食品、医疗、日用化学品等行业有较大的应用优势。本文以表面活性剂的发展方向为出发点,综述了以生物质为基础制备表面活性剂的研究进展,展望了生物质表面活性剂的发展方向。     

松香改性制备表面活性剂及其应用研究进展

从松香出发,可制备阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子等四类表面活性剂。文章综述了国内外近年来以松香和改性松香为主要原料合成表面活性剂及其应用方面的研究进展,分别讨论了这些表面活性剂在使用过程中的主要优势和存在问题。     

Association and phase behavior of hydrophobically modified photoresponsive poly(acrylamide)s in the presence of ionic surfactant

 The extent of association between the cationic surfactant TTAB and a series of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides (HPAMs) containing an N-n-alkyl and substituted azobenzene hydrophobic sidegroup has been studied utilizing a cationic surfactant-selective membrane electrode. Binding of TTAB to the polymer hydrophobes is found to increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the hydrophobe. In the presence of electrolyte, aqueous solutions of HPAMs and ionic surfactant exhibit an associative phase separation. The temperature or clearing point (CP) at which the system goes from a one phase to two-phase system are reported. The area of the two-phase region is found to increase with increasing electrolyte concentration, hydrophobicity of the hydrophobe for the high molecular weight HPAMs, and decreasing hydrophobicity for low molecular weight HPAMs. Exposure of HPAMs containing an azobenzene hydrophobe to UV light results in a decrease in interaction between the hydrophobe and surfactant and a corresponding decrease in the CP due to conversion of azobenzene from the more hydrophobic trans form to the less hydrophobic cis isomer. Received: 23 September 1996 Accepted: 11 March 1997     

Synthesis and characterization of an azobenzene‐ and acrylamide‐based photoresponsive copolymer and gel

This article reports the synthesis and characterization of a new type of copolymer consisting of acrylamide and trans‐4‐methacroyloxyazobenzene and their gel. Free‐radical polymerization initiated with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile was used to conduct the synthesis although N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide was used as a crosslinking agent for the gel synthesis. Despite the insolubility of the different monomers in a single solvent, a certain ratio of water/tetrahydrofuran (THF) enabled the propagating species to stay in the solution and thus to facilitate chain growth. The solubility, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and solid‐state ¹³C NMR investigations revealed that two monomers in the copolymer were chemically bonded. The compositions of the incorporated acrylamide and azobenzene in the copolymer and the gel were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Because the potential actuating behavior of such materials was due to the volume change involved in reversible solvent uptake, the sorption and evaporation of the gel were also investigated and showed that the gel could absorb about 460% water, which corresponded to a polymer content of the weight gel of 18% and was compatible with thermogravimetric analysis of a saturated gel that revealed about 83 wt % of a swollen gel was lost within 12 h. Finally, photoinduced trans–cis isomerization kinetics of the copolymer was investigated in a 30:70 mixture of water and THF against irradiation time. A photostationary state was reached within 5.5 min with a corresponding conversion of 70% of the trans isomer to the cis form. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2886–2896, 2004     

有机光化学的应用前景

本文综述有机光化学在工业上的应用现状,其中包括各种规模的化学工业生产、医药、高分子、太阳能利用以及生物化学。     

电化学生物传感器在环境监测中的应用及发展前景

简要介绍了电化学生物传感器的工作原理,重点论述了电化学生物传感器在环境监测领域的应用及其研究进展,主要包括水环境污染物和大气污染物的监测,以及农药残留的监测等.同时,对电化学生物传感器的发展方向及前景进行了展望.     

多元磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成及缓蚀作用

多元磷酸酯是铜、锡、铝及铝合金、锌、钢等金属在水溶液中的优良缓冲剂。而以糖类为原料合成的表面活性剂，可以引入多种官能团，原料具有生物功能，产品的分子结构类似天然磷脂，毒性低、刺激小、易生物降解。     

聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯]的合成及光响应性能研究

从4-羟基偶氮苯出发,依次与2-氯乙醇、丙烯酰氯反应,合成了2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯(PAPEA)。接着以PAPEA为单体,二硫代苯甲酸异丁腈酯(CPDB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚[2-(4-苯基偶氮苯氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯](PPAPEA)均聚物,同时考察了反应时间、引发剂和链转移剂浓度等因素对聚合反应的影响。利用FT-IR、1H-NMR和GPC等对单体和聚合物的结构进行了表征,并利用UV对聚合物的光响应性能进行了测试。结果表明,PAPEA的聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布较窄(小于1.3);均聚物在紫外光照下的异构化速率随分子量的增大而减缓,而其在自然光下的回复速率变化不大。     

Doubly photoresponsive and water‐soluble block copolymers: Synthesis and thermosensitivity

We report the synthesis and investigation of a new type of photoresponsive block copolymers (BCPs). They were designed to comprise two water‐soluble polymers containing two different photoisomerizable moieties (either azobenzene and spiropyran or two different azobenzenes), with the two constituting blocks that, when separated, exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water and can shift their LCST in opposite directions upon photoisomerization (decrease of LCST for one polymer and increase for the other). A variety of such doubly photoresponsive BCPs were synthesized using either azobenzene‐ or spiropyran‐containing poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly[methoxydi(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (PDEGMMA). Their thermal phase transition behaviors in aqueous solution before and after simultaneous photoreactions on the two blocks were investigated in comparison with their constituting blocks, by means of solution transmittance (turbidity) and variable‐temperature ¹H NMR measurements. The results show that BCPs displayed a single LCST whose shift upon two photoisomerizations appeared to be determined by the competing and opposing photoinduced effects on the two blocks. Moreover, optically controlling the relative photoisomerization degrees of trans azobenzene‐to‐cis azobenzene and spiropyran‐to‐merocyanine could be used to tune the LCST of BCP solution. This study demonstrates the potential of exploring a more complex photoreaction scheme to optically control the solution properties of water‐soluble thermosensitive BCPs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4055–4066, 2010     

Redox-photosensitized reaction of indene using photosensitive surfactant in emulsion: dependence on oil droplet size and surfactant charge

A redox-photosensitized reaction of indene 2 using a photosensitive surfactant 1a in an oil-in-water emulsion proceeded efficiently to give alcohol 3 as a major product and is strongly influenced by the oil droplet size and surfactant charge.     

1-吡啶-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯-溴化十六烷基吡啶-阴离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究及应用

在氢氧化钠 氯化钠 甘氨酸 (NaOH NaCl CH2 (NH2 )COOH)缓冲溶液中 ,1 吡啶 3 [4 (苯基偶氮 )苯基 ] 三氮烯 (PYPAPT)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠等阴离子表面活性剂 (AS)和溴化十六烷基吡啶 (CPB)阳离子表面活性剂形成三元紫蓝色配合物 ,配合物在 6 3 0nm处有最大吸收。利用此显色反应分别测得十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠阴离子表面活性剂 (AS)的表观摩尔吸光系数ε630 分别为 1 6 1× 1 0 4 、1 .44× 1 0 4 和 1 .76× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。方法已应用于合成水样及环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂的测定。