茶碱抗体的制备及鉴定

茶碱在临床上是一种非常有用的药剂。本文报道一种新的茶碱抗血清的制各及鉴定方法．用混合酸酐法合成抗原，借助于紫外光谱对其进行定性和定量分析。用混合免疫法免疫兔子，用免疫扩散法对抗血清进行鉴定。     

壳聚糖—海藻酸钠微囊对蛋白质控制释放的研究

采用乳化法制备了可注射用壳聚糖－海藻酸钠微囊，其粒径小于２００μｍ，且具有相对较窄的近似高斯分布。牛血清白蛋白作为模型药物在微囊中的包埋率可超过５０％。通过壳聚糖在海藻酸钠微囊表面的复合，牛血清白蛋白从微囊中的持续释放时间从几个小时延长到半个月以上。     

盐酸曲马多药物树脂制备技术的研究

采用静态法和动态法和工艺制备盐酸曲马多药物树脂,并对制备过程中体系温度,反应时间,药物溶液浓度,溶液流速等影响因素进行了研究;以正交设计对工艺进行优化。     

肽类药物口服剂型材料及控制释放性能研究：Ⅰ.壳聚糖—海藻酸盐？…

应用壳聚糖－海藻酸盐微囊技术制备了一系列胰岛素微型,并研究了不同反应条件如海藻酸钠浓度,壳聚糖浓度,壳聚糖分子量及壳聚糖溶液ｐＨ值对生囊的胰岛素包封率及其释放性能的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度越高,微囊对胰岛素的包封率越高,在模拟小肠液中释放速度越低;壳聚糖浓度越大,微囊的胰岛素包封率及其在模拟胃液中释放率越高,在模拟肠液中释放达最大值所需时间越长;而随壳聚糖分子量减小,微囊在胃液中释放率增高;壳     

MOF基水凝胶材料的制备及其应用

近年来,金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)因为具有优异的骨架结构、丰富的孔隙度和多功能性,吸引了众多研究者的注意,各种各样的MOFs材料和MOF基复合材料被研制。但是由于MOFs大多以晶体和粉末的形式存在,其本身的刚性和易碎性限制了它的实际应用,同时MOFs在溶液中的不稳定性会导致材料的分解,一些高结晶度的MOFs还十分脆弱易碎且不易加工,因此有研究者将MOFs与水凝胶相结合,开发出许多具有优异性能的MOF基水凝胶材料。本文综述了MOF基水凝胶材料近年的研究进展,重点介绍了MOF基水凝胶的种类及其与其他材料的协同作用,讨论了MOF基水凝胶在传感、催化、水处理、伤口敷料和药物载体等方面的优势。MOF基水凝胶具有的可加工性、稳定性、易处理性为MOFs在实际应用中的研究具有指导意义。我们概述了纯MOF水凝胶、MOF@生物有机大分子水凝胶、MOF@生物相容性水凝胶,其他MOF基复合水凝胶的最新进展以及这些复合材料的应用。     

金属有机框架基复合材料的制备及其光热性能研究

金属有机框架材料(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是一类新型的有机-无机杂化材料,具有可功能化的骨架结构、高比表面积、可调控的孔径尺寸等优势.将MOFs与性质多样的有机/无机功能纳米材料复合,不仅有可能充分发挥组分各自的优势,而且有可能产生"1+1＞2"的协同效应,因而引起了人们的广泛关注....     

共价有机骨架衍生碳基材料的制备及其电化学性能

设计具有多孔结构、比表面积大的高性能电极材料对于发展高能量密度的超级电容器尤为重要.本文报道以共价有机骨架材料为前驱体,通过简单热处理构建出一种氮掺杂的多孔碳纳米材料作为超级电容器电极材料.该材料显示出高导电性和高表面积,其应用于超级电容器作为负极时表现出高的面积比容量.在电流密度为1mA·cm-2时,其面积比容量可达...     

大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列大豆蛋白改性TiO_2复合催化剂.通过元素分析、粒度分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、电化学等方法对所制备的样品进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,研究了大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的可见光催化性能.结果表明,大豆蛋白改性可以一步实现C、N、H多种非金属元素共掺杂;相比纯TiO_2,改性后复合催化剂的比表面积增大;所有样品均为锐钛矿相;煅烧温度为400℃时,复合催化剂的可见光吸收发生明显红移,其禁带宽度较纯TiO_2窄化了0.32 e V;大豆蛋白改性后,复合材料的光电流密度增大;在可见光照射下,光催化反应2 h时,大豆蛋白改性TiO_2的亚甲基蓝降解效率最高可达79.4%.     

酚醛型吸附树脂对茶碱的吸附性能研究

研究了酚醛型吸附树脂对茶碱的静态和动态吸附。结果表明3种树脂对茶碱的吸附量均达117－204mg/g，明显优于DuoliteS-761;酚醛型吸附树脂等温吸附茶碱的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程，相关系数在0．99以上，因此，酚醛型吸附树脂吸附茶碱属单分子层吸附；用1mol/LHCl和W甲醇为80％复合溶液作为吸附树脂的洗脱剂，效果很好。     

Usefulness of the simultaneous determination of serum levels of theophylline and its metabolites in patients medicated with theophylline preparation

Objective: Measurement of the serum level of theophylline is essential for its proper use; however, it is difficult to infer the metabolic ability of individual patients by only the serum theophylline level and to decide the appropriate medication. In this study, we simultaneously measured serum theophylline and metabolite levels in patients treated with theophylline, and investigated their usefulness. Experimental: The subjects were asthma patients who visited the outpatient clinic of Respiratory Medicine, St Luke's International Hospital, between April and October 2003, and were medicated with sustained‐release theophylline tablets (Theodur®). The serum level of theophylline and its metabolites was measured by HPLC in patients who gave written consent. Results: A strong correlation was noted between the serum theophylline (TP) and 1,3‐dimethyluric acid (DMU) levels of 52 patients (r = 0.670), and DMU/TP was about 0.04. In a patient whose the DMU/TP was 0.216, it was recognized that metabolic ability was promoted due to a history of smoking. Discussion: In this study, it was shown that simultaneous measurement by HPLC of the serum level of theophylline and its metabolites and DMU/TP was useful to assess the metabolic ability of individual patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小分子大豆多肽的分离检测研究

最近的研究表明,多肽特别是二肽和三肽更易被人体吸收,此外小分子大豆肽还具有很好溶解性、稳定性、低粘度和许多生理活性,如降血压,降胆固醇,抗疲劳等,因此大豆肽广泛应用在食品、化妆品、药品等领域 [1,2].     

皂化P204微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的研究

研究了NaOH皂化P204/正辛烷微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的机理和工艺,考察了大豆加入量、P204的浓度、NaOH的浓度、萃取时间、水相pH值及离子强度等对大豆蛋白萃取率的影响。实验结果表明,该微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的优化工艺条件为:大豆粉与微乳液的质量体积比1∶10,P204在油相中浓度0.8 mol/L,NaOH的浓度1.25 mol/L,萃取时间15 min,外水相pH值5,萃取率可达88.48%。通过调节水相pH和离子强度可实现大豆蛋白的萃取和反萃取。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of theophylline acetohydrazide hydrazone derivatives as antituberculosis agents

A series of small molecules, theophylline acetohydrazide hydrazone derivatives were obtained via condensation of theophylline-7-acetohydrazide with different aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes. The compounds were synthesized and characterized by using conventional methods. Further, the compounds and standard drugs were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain, the activity obtained was varying depending on the functional group attached to theophylline acetohydrazide hydrazone compounds. Among these, Br-substituted compounds showed more potent against M. tuberculosis with MIC 3.6–4 μM and better than the reference drugs used. The molecular docking studies have shown the possible binding modes of the compounds with protein (PDB ID: 4RHX); the compound 4h has shown highest glide score and binding energy. For all compounds, ADME properties were predicted.     

A study of starch addition on burst effect and diameter of polyurethane microspheres containing theophylline

Theophylline was encapsulated in polyurethane prepared with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), polycaprolactone (PCL) (M_W = 530 and 2000 g/mol) diols, and starch as polyols and butanediol as chain extender. Polyurethane microspheres were prepared in two reactors; after polyurethane preparation by mixing PCL/starch, HMDI and theophylline in the first reactor, microspheres formation was achieved by transferring the reaction mixture to an aqueous medium (moving at 5000 rpm) of the second reactor. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was employed to confirm polyurethane formation during the course of reactions. FTIR spectrum revealed bands at 1729–1733 cm^?1 and 3340–3347 cm^?1 which indicates carbonyl and NH of amine groups, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the samples. SEM confirmed the formation of microspheres with spherical morphology. Particle size investigation with optical microscopy revealed a size distribution of 8–70 µm. Controlled release of theophylline from the microspheres was performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH = 7.4 and monitored with a ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer at 274 nm. Drug release profiles showed that starch addition reduced the release rate around 24% for microspheres prepared from PCL with a molecular weight of 2000 g/mol and it had negligible effect on a molecular weight of 530 g/mol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of polysaccharides on the stability and renaturation of soybean trypsin (Kunitz) inhibitor

Thermal denaturation and renaturation of soybean trypsin (Kunitz) inhibitor (STI) were studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry in the presence of polysaccharides (dextran, ι- and κ-carrageenans, gum arabic, pectins and dextran sulfate). This study was carried out under conditions of both thermodynamic incompatibility and complex formation of STI and polysaccharides. The presence of polysaccharides did neither influence the denaturation temperature nor the denaturation enthalpy of STI under conditions of their incompatibility with the protein. No polysaccharide (except gum arabic) affected the ability of STI to renature and recover its inhibitory activity after thermal denaturation. At acidic pH values, the protein was shown to form electrostatic complexes with pectins and dextran sulfate. Substantial destabilisation of STI bound to dextran sulfate was observed. In the case of STI/pectin complexes, either a decrease or increase in the stability of STI was observed depending on the complex composition and esterification degree of pectin. The mechanism behind the changes in stability of STI bound to the polysaccharide matrix is discussed. Thermal denaturation of STI in complexes with dextran sulfate and pectin was completely irreversible. This observation indicates a possibility of suppressing antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors in soy products.

Schematic presentation of the denaturation of a protein (P) bound to a polymer matrix (M): (A) loose protein occupancy, (B) dense protein occupancy.     

Thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) with epoxidised soybean oil as primary plasticizer

Epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) has been tested as a primary plasticizer in suspension PVC. The stabilization of the material with different traditional stabilizers has been evaluated and compared to a compound with PVC-ESBO only. Surprisingly, the addition of stabilizers seems to decrease the stability of PVC-ESBO. Traditional stabilizers, for instance Ca/Zn-stearate have been evaluated as well as metal carboxylates regarding yellowness index and UV-Vis absorption. Among the metal carboxylates, a decrease in initial discolouration, i.e. yellowness was observed with addition of Zn-stearate whereas the addition of Al-stearate improved the colour after ageing compared to PVC-ESBO without stabilizer.The stabilizing mechanism of ESBO itself, without the addition of stabilizers, has also been investigated. Analyses with ion chromatography of ESBO extracted from PVC samples without stabilizer revealed that the chlorine content of ESBO had increased when ageing the sample. MALDI analysis revealed that hydrochloric acid likely had attached to the ESBO. Reactions between ESBO and PVC were found through NMR analysis.     

Research on permeability coefficient of a polyethylene controlled-release film coating for urea and relevant nutrient release pathways

The permeability coefficient is a key factor that reflects the nutrient release capability of polymer-coated fertilizers. To investigate the permeability coefficient of polyethylene (PE) controlled-release film and to determine the difference between the controlled-release film and a dense membrane, we designed a film permeation device to measure the permeability coefficient of a PE controlled-release film coating for urea, and a mathematical model was used to check the accuracy of these measurements. By measuring the permeation coefficient of a dense, PE membrane, the compactness of the PE controlled-release film was analyzed, and the nutrient release pathway of PE-coated fertilizer was discussed. Research indicated that urea was constantly released through PE controlled-release film and the permeability coefficient remained constant. The permeability coefficient for PE controlled-release film coating on urea with 1–4 months release time was in the range of 7.17–18.7E-15 m²/s with 2.6 times difference between the maximum and minimum. The permeability coefficient decreased as the release time increased, conforming to the inversely proportional relationship between permeation amount and time in the nutrient release model. It is investigated that the measured values are close to the theoretical values and can be used in model calculation. The urea permeability coefficient of PE dense membrane was 7.11E-18 m²/s, which is 1000–2600 times smaller than that of the PE controlled-release film. The contribution of permeability of polymer material itself is negligible. It can be concluded that PE controlled-release film is not a dense membrane but porous and that nutrient release is mainly determined by pore configuration of the film.