三磺化酞菁在微乳液、胶束、醇-水体系中的二聚现象研究

本文采用分光光度法研究了三磺化酞菁(S3Pc)在微乳液(Triton X-100-壬烷-正戊醇-水)、胶束(Triton X-100)、醇(甲、乙、丙醇)-水体系中的二聚现象。计算了S3Pc的二聚常数Kd。结果表明, S3Pc的Kd随着微乳液、胶束中表面活性剂的浓度的增加而减小; 随着醇-水溶液的羟基摩尔浓度(Mo-h)的增加而增加。     

自溶液中的吸附——XIV.硅胶自Triton X—100和几种烷基硫酸钠的混合水溶液中的吸附

本文测定了硅胶自水中对Triton X-100的吸附,其吸附等温线呈不平常的S型,极限吸附量相当于1.00nm~2/分子,约比气液界面上的大一倍。加入0.1M的NaCl和改变pH对吸附无可察觉的影响。硅胶基本不吸附烷基硫酸钠。当Triton X-100的浓度低于其在混合溶液中的CMC时,烷基硫酸钠的存在对Triton X-100的吸附无影响;但其极限吸附量则随烷基硫酸钠浓度的增大而降低;烷基硫酸钠的碳氢链越长,这种效应就越显著。根据相分离模型,以及只有分子状态的Triton X-100被吸附而胶团不被吸附的假设,可以解释所得结果。     

吸附与润湿I非离子表面活性剂在SiO2/水和SiO2/环己烷界面的吸附层结构

根据Triton X-100在硅胶/水和硅胶/环己烷界面以及Triton x-305在硅胶/水界面的吸附结果,提出了两种简单的吸附模型,在硅胶/环己烷界面上形成的是单分子吸附层,吸附质分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链伸入环己烷的方式取向.在硅胶/水界面上形成的是双分子吸附层,第一层中的分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链朝外;第二层中的分子取向相反,即以碳氢链朝向第一层分子形成的碳氢链层,而以乙氧基链伸进水中,对石英玻璃-水-环己烷的接触角(θ水)的测定结果表明,θ水随水相中表面活性剂浓度的增加先升后降,进一步支持了上述吸附模型。     

自溶液中的吸附 ⅩⅢ.硅胶自环己烷-正脂肪醇和水-正脂肪醇中吸附Triton X-100

测定了硅胶和活性炭自水、环己烷和正丁醇中吸附Triton X-100的等温线。提出了TritonX-100在硅胶-环己烷界面上形成单分子层,在硅胶-水界面上形成双分子层的吸附模型。测定了硅胶自环己烷-正脂肪醇(C_2,C_4,C_8和C_(12))和水-正脂肪醇(C_2和C_4)混合溶剂中吸附Triton X-100的等温线。自环己烷-正脂肪醇中吸附时,醇的烃链越短,浓度越大,降低Triton X-100的吸附作用越显著。自水-正脂肪醇中吸附时,正丁醇降低Triton X-100的吸附作用比乙醇时更显著。但当Triton X-100的浓度较低时,正丁醇(0.5 mol·din~(-3))的存在却使TritonX-100的吸附有所增加。     

头孢唑酮与Triton X-100缔合体系的相互作用

抗生素头孢唑酮的加入使得非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100的表面活性降低. ¹H-NMR的结果表明，头孢唑酮增溶于胶束极性基团附近.头孢唑酮与Triton X-100胶束的结合常数随Triton X-100含量的增加而下降，但头孢唑酮在Triton X-100胶束相和水连续相之间的分配系数不随Triton X-100含量变化而变化.     

脲、盐酸胍对碳氢链疏水作用的影响

本文测定了不同脲、盐酸胍浓度下,Triton X-100溶液的临界胶团浓度(cmc)和肌酸激酶分子在溶液中的暴露巯基数.通过计算脲、盐酸胍引起的Trito X-100胶团化过程中碳氢链的疏水能改变值,得到了评价脲、盐酸胍对碳氢链疏水作用影响的参数,盐酸胍降低碳氢链疏水能的能力是脲的3.5倍.实验结果还表明,盐酸胍引起肌酸激酶内坦巯基暴露的能力约为脲的3.2倍,这意味首在一定浓主工范围内脲、盐酸胍引起肌酸激酶变性的主要因素是它们降低了碳氢链的疏水作用.     

醇的链长对Triton X-100微乳液的调控

醇的链长对Triton X-100微乳液的调控;醇的链长;ＴＸ １００;Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液;纳米ＳｉＯ２;胶束数     

Triton X-100对血红蛋白/利巴韦林/H2O体系中血红蛋白性质和药物释放的影响

通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱、zeta电位、电导率、高效液相色谱和影像分析等方法研究了Triton X-100对血红蛋白/利巴韦林/H2O体系中血红蛋白性质和药物控制释放的影响. 研究结果表明, 随着Triton X-100浓度的增大, 荧光强度、荧光偏振、zeta电位和蛋白的形貌均发生较大的变化, Triton X-100能使增溶定位在蛋白表面中的利巴韦林逐渐游离出来. 当Triton X-100浓度大于1×10^-5 mol·L-1 时, Triton X-100 与血红蛋白的作用占主导地位, 血红蛋白开始明显变性. 少量Triton X-100能保护蛋白免受药物的影响.     

吸附与涧湿 Ⅰ.非离子表面活性剂在SiO_2/水和SiO_2/环已烷界面的吸附层结构

根据Triton X-100在硅胶/水和硅胶/环已烷界面以及TritonX-305在硅胶/水界面的吸附结果,提出了两种简单的吸附模型。在硅胶/环己烷界面上形成的是单分子吸附层,吸附质分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链伸入环己烷的方式取向。在硅胶/水界面上形成的是双分子吸附层,第一层中的分子以乙氧基链躺在硅胶表面上而以碳氢链朝外;第二层中的分子取向相反,即以碳氢链朝向第一层分子形成的碳氢链层,而以乙氧基链伸进水中。对石英玻璃-水-环己烷的接触角(θ_水)的测定结果表明,θ_水随水相中表面活性剂浓度的增加先升后降,进一步支持了上述吸附模型。     

浊点萃取-荧光光度法测定水中的苯酚

基于非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100,以浊点萃取结合荧光光度法测定水中的苯酚,考察影响浊点萃取的各种因素。在pH=3.0的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中,采用2.0mL Triton X-100(5%)、82℃平衡温度、8min平衡时间的条件下,苯酚被萃取到Triton X-100表面活性剂相与水相分开,用于环境水样中苯酚的测定,结果令人满意。     

有机酸对非离子型表面活性剂浊点的影响

有机酸对非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100浊点的影响与酸的亲水性能、空间效应及其在胶束中的增溶位置有关。直链一元酸的加入均使浊点下降,且酸的碳链越长影响越大。直链二元酸对TritonX-100浊点下降的影响小于直链一元酸,且碳原子数nc<6时,使得浊点略有升高;nc≥6时,使得浊点下降。由于空间位阻作用,支链酸和取代酸使TritonX-100浊点降低幅度较小。     

非离子表面活性剂的雾点研究-电解质的影响

研究了１－１型钠盐对五种非 离子表面活性剂水溶液雾点的影响，有九种钠盐使雾点下降，下降的依次是ＩＯ＾－３＞ＯＨ＾－＞Ｆ＾－＞ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ＾－＞ＢｒＯ＾－３＜＞Ｃｌ＾－＞Ｂｒ＾＿＞ＣｌＯ３＾－≥ＮＯ＾－３；有三种钠盐使雾点升高，升高的效率依次是ＣＮＳ＾－＞ＣｌＯ＾－＞Ｉ＾－。     

Cloud point of nonionic surfactant Triton X-45 in aqueous solution

Triton X-45, a nonionic surfactant with a low hydrophile-lypophile balance value and dispersible in aqueous solution at room temperature, has a Krafft point above the room temperature. The cloud point of Triton X-45 in an aqueous solution is different from the conventional aqueous nonionic surfactant micelle solution. It was further confirmed by a determination of the effect of additives on the phase behavior of aqueous solutions containing Triton X-45. The experimental fact eliminates the prevalent concept that the cloud point of Triton X-45 is below room temperature, which is helpful to exploit a biocompatible medium for a microbial growth and then for whole cell microbial transformation in a nonaqueous medium.     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定自来水及酒类样品中的痕量铁

利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100在温度高于其浊点时形成相分离行为,建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铁的新方法,探讨优化了以KSCN为显色剂,TritonX-100浊点萃取富集痕量铁的实验条件.研究发现:加入正辛醇可使TritonX-100的浊点降低约30℃,有利于萃取实验的进行;同时,加入的正辛醇与TritonX-100对痕量铁起到了协同萃取作用.在优化了的实验条件下,进行了痕量铁的分析,检出限为0.02mg·L-1,加标回收率为97.4%～101.6%,应用于自来水及酒类样品中痕量铁的测定,结果满意.     

Screening of urinary coproporphyrin using cloud point extraction and chemiluminescence detection

A simple screening test was developed for the sensitive and selective measurement of urinary coproporphyrin. In this screening test, efficient and selective extraction/pre-concentration of coproporphyrin from the aqueous medium(urine) into a much smaller volume phase containing a common non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) and ethyl acetate was accomplished by the addition of a relatively large amount of a cloud point depressing electrolyte (K(3)PO(4)) into the sample solution to effect cloud point separation. Sensitive and selective detection of coproporphyrin in the mixed Triton X-100 and ethyl acetate phase was performed via chemical excitation using the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction. The effects of surfactant and cations (from the cloud point depressing electrolyte) on the chemiluminescence intensity of coproporphyrin were briefly investigated. Furthermore, the spectrum of urinary coproporphyrin obtained using the present chemiluminescence method was briefly compared with that obtained from fluorescence method.     

Cloud point extraction and preconcentration for the gas chromatography of phenothiazine tranquilizers in spiked human serum.

Cloud point extraction was successfully applied to the preconcentration of phenothiazine derivatives, such as pericyazine (PC), chlorpromazine (CP) and fluphenazine (FUL), for gas chromatography (GC). Phenothiazine derivatives were separated from surfactants by passing the surfactant-rich phase through a cation exchange column after cloud point extraction, permitting the determination of the phenothiazine derivatives extracted in the surfactant-rich phase by GC. The optimal condition for the cloud point extraction of phenothiazine derivatives was also investigated using Triton X-100, Triton X-114, and PONPE10. Triton X-114 provided the most efficient recovery of phenothiazine derivatives among the surfactants used. The addition of sodium chloride and excess ammonia to the sample solution resulted in a decrement of the recovery of the phenothiazine derivatives. The proposed method was applied to the determination of phenothiazine derivatives in spiked human serum by GC. The recoveries of PC, CP, and FUL in spiked human serum were 95.1%, 87.1%, and 84.7%, respectively.     

Clouding and phase behavior of nonionic surfactants in hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose solutions

Clouding phenomena and phase behaviors of two nonionic surfactants, Triton X-114 and Triton X-100, in the presence of either hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or its hydrophobically modified counterpart (HMHEC) were experimentally studied. Compared with HEC, HMHEC was found to have a stronger effect on lowering the cloud point temperature of a nonionic surfactant at low concentrations. The difference in clouding behavior can be attributed to different kinds of molecular interactions. Depletion flocculation is the underlying mechanism in the case of HEC, while the chain-bridging effect is responsible for the large decrease of cloud point for HMHEC. Composition analyses for the formed macroscopic phases were carried out to provide support for associative phase separation for the case of HMHEC, in contrast to segregative phase separation for HEC. An interesting three-phase-separation phenomenon was reported in some HMHEC/Triton X-100 mixtures at high surfactant concentrations.     

Three-phase separation in nonionic surfactant/hydrophobically modified polymer aqueous mixtures

Three-phase separation for Triton X-114 or Triton X-100 solutions with addition of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose was investigated experimentally. When the surfactant concentration was high enough, the solution slightly above the cloud point could separate into three macroscopic phases: a cloudy phase in between a clear phase and a bluish, translucent phase. The rate of phase separation was very low with the formation of the clear and cloudy phases followed by the emergence of the bluish phase. The volume fraction of the cloudy phase increases linearly with the global polymer concentration, whereas the volume fraction of the bluish phase increases linearly with the global surfactant concentration. Composition analyses found that most of the polymer stayed in the cloudy phase, as opposed to most of the surfactant in the bluish phase. The interesting phase behavior can be explained by an initial associative phase separation followed by a segregative phase separation in the cloudy phase.     

Stabilization of ATP reagents containing firefly <Emphasis Type="Italic">L. mingrelica</Emphasis> luciferase by polyols

ATP reagents containing 2–20% of ethylene glycol, glycerol, or PEG-8000 have been prepared. Polyols inhibit the activity of the ATP reagents by 20–40%, and addition of 0.75 mM Triton X-100 prevents this inhibition. The optimal polyol concentration is 10%. The kinetics of thermoinactivation of the ATP reagents in solution at 37, 20, and 4°C has been studied. At all temperatures, the stability of ATP reagents increases two-to fivefold in the presence of polyols. A solution of ATP reagents kept at 4°C for 180 h retains 100% activity. The activity half-life is 15 days.     

Synergistic cloud point extraction behavior of aluminum(III) with 2-methyl-8-quinolinol and 3,5-dichlorophenol.

The cloud point extraction behavior of aluminum(III) with 8-quinolinol (HQ) or 2-methyl-8-quinolinol (HMQ) and Triton X-100 was investigated in the absence and presence of 3,5-dichlorophenol (Hdcp). Aluminum(III) was almost extracted with HQ and 4(v/v)% Triton X-100 above pH 5.0, but was not extracted with HMQ-Triton X-100. However, in the presence of Hdcp, it was almost quantitatively extracted with HMQ-Triton X-100. The synergistic effect of Hdcp on the extraction of aluminum(III) with HMQ and Triton X-100 may be caused by the formation of a mixed-ligand complex, Al(dcp)(MQ)2.